EFSA Reaffirms Safety of E948 Oxygen and E949 Hydrogen in All Foods No Health Risks Detected
On August 7, 2025, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) announced that oxygen (E 948) and hydrogen (E 949) remain safe as food additives across all food categories, including products for infants and young children. The Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) panel found no evidence of toxicity or health concern at current usage levels.
Both gases are approved for use at quantum satis levels and are also permitted in food additive preparations, enzymes, and nutrients. The original 1990 EU evaluation classified them mainly as packaging gases, with oxygen also used as a propellant. The recent re-assessment confirmed that dietary exposure remains very low and poses minimal risk.
While the panel recommended some specification amendments, it concluded there are no safety issues related to the continued use of E 948 and E 949 in food. This update assures manufacturers and consumers of their ongoing safety in the European market.
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