Scientific supplementation of iodine for health poverty alleviation

This May 15 is the 26th "Prevention and Treatment of Iodine Deficiency Diseases Day" in China. The theme of this year's activities is "Scientific supplement of iodine, benefit the people and help the poor". China was once one of the countries where iodine deficiency disorders were seriously prevalent in the world. Most of the areas were iodine deficient in the external environment (iodine content of water in iodine deficiency disorder areas & lt; 10 mg/l), and some provinces still had water-borne iodine excess areas. According to the survey results, the iodine content of water in most areas of China is low. From the provincial and municipal levels, the iodine content of water in Beijing, Jiangxi, Hainan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and Gansu counties is below 10 micrograms/liter. In Sichuan, Hubei, Qinghai, Guangxi, Fujian, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Corps, Xinjiang, Hunan, Heilongjiang and Liaoning counties, the proportion of iodine content in water below 10 micrograms per liter is more than 90%. In Hebei, Henan and Shandong, the proportion of iodine content in water below 10 micrograms per liter is lower, below 70%. In order to understand the prevention and treatment effect of iodine deficiency disorders, since 2000, our country has carried out several evaluation of the prevention and treatment effect of iodine deficiency disorders. By the end of 2015, 94.2% of counties had achieved the goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders according to the final evaluation results of the 12th Five-Year Plan for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control. In order to raise public awareness of iodine deficiency and popularize iodine knowledge, the State Health and Health Commission recently invited Yang Xiaoguang, a researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Health of China CDC, Shan Zhongyan, a physician in charge of endocrine and metabolic diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Liu Peng, director and researcher of the Institute of Iodine Deficiency Disease Prevention and Control of the Center for Endemic Disease Control of China. The hazards of iodine deficiency on human body and how to prevent iodine deficiency disorders will answer your questions.

What is iodine deficiency disorder?

Iodine is a necessary trace element for human body and an important raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Yang Xiaoguang, a researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Health, CDC, introduced that iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are a group of diseases characterized by iodine malnutrition caused by iodine deficiency in the natural environment, including endemic goiter (commonly known as thick neck or large neck disease), cretinism (characterized by dementia, short stature, deafness, dumbness and paralysis) and subclinical cretinism (characterized by mental retardation). Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is essentially micronutrient malnutrition, which occurs mainly in a specific iodine deficiency geographical environment and has obvious locality. It is listed as one of the endemic diseases in China and one of the diseases that the country pays attention to and eliminates within a certain time limit.

The harm of iodine deficiency to human body

Iodine and thyroid hormone are inseparable. If the raw material for producing thyroid hormone is iodine deficiency, the synthetic thyroid hormone is insufficient, and hypothyroidism will occur. In addition, because of the reduction of iodine and thyroid hormone in the raw materials for the synthesis of thyroid hormone, the factory has to expand its scale in order to synthesize more products - thyroid hormone, which leads to goiter.

Fetal period: can lead to fetal dysplasia, abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth, malformation, serious iodine deficiency can cause irreversible damage to brain development, the serious consequence is cretinism. Childhood and adolescence: goiter (thick neck), hypothyroidism in adolescence and backward physical development occur. Adult stage: goiter, hypothyroidism, commonly known as "big neck disease", can seriously oppress the trachea and esophagus, affecting breathing and swallowing. What is the reference intake of dietary iodine for Chinese residents?

According to the reference dietary iodine intake of Chinese residents formulated by the Chinese Society of Nutrition, the safe daily iodine intake ranges of children aged 4-6, 7-10 and 11-13 are 90-200, 90-300 and 110-400 micrograms respectively; the safe daily iodine intake ranges of adolescents aged 14-17 are 120-500 micrograms; that of adults are 120-600 micrograms; that of pregnant women are 230-600 micrograms and that of lactating mothers are 240-6 micrograms. 00 micrograms. Generally speaking, in iodine deficiency areas, or in areas where iodine is less than 10 micrograms per liter of water, we should adhere to the policy of iodizing salt and eat iodized salt.

If IDD is eliminated, does it not need to continue to eat iodine? Yang Xiaoguang, a researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Health, CDC, said that even if iodine deficiency disorders were eliminated, iodine should be continued. Iodine is constantly consumed, daily intake, to prevent the recurrence of iodine deficiency. From 2017 to 2018, the former National Health and Family Planning Commission organized a national survey of iodine content in drinking water, covering 31 provinces and all townships of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The results showed that 83.6% of the countryside water iodine content was below 10.0 ug/L. It can be seen that although China has the largest known area of water-borne iodine excess in the world, it is still a country where the natural environment is generally iodine deficient. If we do not continue to adhere to the universal salt iodization (USI) policy, we will not be able to maintain the status of continuous elimination of iodine deficiency disorders, iodine deficiency disorders may "resurgence". Therefore, we must adhere to the universal salt iodization (USI) policy, and timely monitor the iodine nutritional status of residents, and strictly prevent the recurrence of iodine deficiency disorders that once seriously endangered the health quality of the nation.