Common Type 2 Diabetes Medications Treatment And Comprehensive Treatment

Diabetes is a systemic chronic metabolic disease, and its disease control depends largely on its own management and control in addition to conventional drug treatment. The following is a review of common type 2 diabetes medications, and lists the details of health education for diabetic patients, indicating that both common type 2 diabetes medications and health education are important means in diabetes treatment.

Oral hypoglycemic drugs

Sulfonylureas

Insulin secretagogues, the main mechanism of action is to stimulate islet secretion and release insulin by binding to receptors on islet beta cells. Commonly used drugs are glipizide, gliclazide, glibenclamide, glipizide, glimepiride and so on. Among them, glyburide has a good effect on reducing fasting blood sugar; glipizide can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia; gliclazide is more suitable for elderly diabetic patients because of its mild effect; Quinone does not require renal excretion and is the drug of choice for diabetic nephropathy; glimepiride is suitable for patients whose blood sugar cannot be controlled by simple diet control and exercise. In order to synchronize the peak time of insulin secretion with the peak time of postprandial blood glucose, such drugs must be taken 30 minutes before a meal to effectively reduce blood sugar 1 h after a meal. It should be noted that there are many adverse reactions of hypoglycemia, and precautions should be taken.

Biguanides

Metformin is one of common type 2 diabetes medications, the main mechanism is to increase the anaerobic glycolysis of sugar in the basal state, inhibit the absorption of glucose in the intestine, reduce the output of hepatic glucose, and reduce the level of very low density lipoprotein and triglyceride. It is the drug of choice for patients with hyperlipidemia or with hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein levels. Because of its high safety, it has also become the only oral hypoglycemic drug approved for children with type 2 diabetes. To avoid irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, it should be taken with or after a meal.

α-glucosidase inhibitor

By reversibly inhibiting or competitively inhibiting the activity of α-glucosidase at the brush border of the small intestine, it delays the conversion of polysaccharides and disaccharides into absorbable glucose and slows the rise of postprandial blood sugar. It can not only reduce insulin resistance, but also reduce glycosylated hemoglobin. Representative drugs include acarbose and voglibose, etc., which are generally used to reduce postprandial symptoms. Hyperglycemia is the drug of choice for patients with normal baseline blood sugar and high postprandial blood sugar. Due to the large gastrointestinal reaction, the tablet should be swallowed whole before meals or chewed together with the first meal.

Insulin sensitizer

Insulin sensitizers mainly target insulin resistance, improve peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, improve glucose metabolism, and enhance insulin action. This type of drug is a new type of thiazolidinediones, currently used are rosiglitazone, emiglitazone, pioglitazone, etc., mainly used for type 2 diabetes, especially obesity with high insulin Hyperemia and insulin resistance, but not in patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. It is especially worth noting that these drugs have relatively large adverse reactions, because they are mainly metabolized in the liver, which may cause liver damage, and also have adverse reactions such as edema caused by water and sodium retention and may cause heart failure. These drugs are best taken in the morning on an empty stomach, when tissue cell receptors are more sensitive to insulin.

Benzoic acid derivatives

The blood sugar regulators in the body at the first meal, which can rapidly release insulin, mainly include repaglinide and nateglinide. The reason why this type of drug can be used as  common type 2 diabetes medications is that its action time is short, the onset of action is rapid, and it is suitable for pre-prandial administration. It stimulates insulin secretion during meals, and forms a peak of insulin secretion after meals to mimic physiological insulin secretion. the goal of. You can flexibly control the taking time according to the meal time, also known as "meal blood sugar regulator". It can be absorbed well on an empty stomach and with meals, and is mainly metabolized in the liver. It is more suitable for patients with renal dysfunction and elderly diabetic patients.

Comprehensive Treatment

Health education

Hospitals can carry out health education in various forms, so that patients and their families can understand the basic knowledge of diabetes, understand the hazards of diabetes, and carry out effective self-management.

Psychotherapy

Depression is a common psychological disorder in diabetic patients. Medical staff should pay attention to various psychological problems of patients during the treatment process. Serious patients can be treated with antidepressant or anti-anxiety drugs such as Prozac

Diet control

Controlling diet is the most basic treatment measure for all diabetic patients to correct hyperglycemia. Patients must abide by the principle of eating less and more meals, and develop good eating habits in accordance with doctor's orders.

Exercise therapy 

Exercise therapy is an adjuvant therapy. Patients can choose brisk walking, jogging, stair climbing, gymnastics, Tai Chi, badminton, table tennis, cycling, qigong and other low-intensity sports.

Summary

Common type 2 diabetes medications and health education are important means of treating diabetes. Rational use of common type 2 diabetes medications, and on this basis, improve self-care ability and find the best way to treat diabetes.