Talking about types of contraceptive pills and side effects for female

The use of contraceptives is one of the contraceptive methods that women often choose. The principle of contraception is to change the normal physiological functions of many links, so as to achieve the purpose of contraception. Female contraceptives are synthetic steroid hormonal contraceptives, mainly used for contraception in women of childbearing age. There are five types of contraceptive pills for female known at present. This article mainly introduces these five types of contraceptive pills and their side effects.

Types of contraceptive pills

1. Short-acting oral contraceptives

Short-acting contraceptive is one of the earliest and most widely used types of contraceptive pills, mostly estrogen progesterone compound preparation. At present, various compound preparations composed of progestins such as norethisterone, megestrol acetate, norgestrel, levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol are commonly used. In addition to the usual compound tablets, there are dual- and triple-phase, potent progestin preparations such as desogestrel, norgestimate, and gestodene. At present, the commonly used short-acting contraceptives in my country are oral contraceptive tablets No. 1 and No. 2, and the contraceptive effective rate of correct users can reach more than 99%.

2. Long-acting oral contraceptives

Long-acting oral contraceptives are composed of long-acting estrogen and progesterone. After absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, they are stored in adipose tissue, and then slowly released to play a long-acting contraceptive role. The mechanism of action is that estrogen in the drug can directly act on the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis to inhibit follicle development and ovulation; progesterone promotes the transformation of endometrial into secretory phase changes and causes withdrawal bleeding. According to the regulations, taking it once a month can prevent contraception for one month, and the contraceptive effective rate is more than 98%.

3. Fast-acting contraceptives

Quick-acting contraceptives, also known as family-visiting contraceptives, are mainly progesterone preparations, which mainly change the shape and function of the endometrium, making it out of sync with the development of the fertilized egg, which is not conducive to the implantation of the fertilized egg; changing the properties of cervical mucus is not conducive to Sperm go through. If taken in the first half of menstruation, it has anti-ovulatory effect. It is not restricted by menstrual period when taking it, and the contraceptive effective rate is over 99%. Its indications and contraindications are basically the same as short-acting oral contraceptives.

4. Long-acting contraceptive injection

At present, the injectable contraceptives are pure progesterone and mixed estrogen and progesterone, and the effective rate is 98%. Progestogens alone do not contain estrogen and are suitable for contraception during breastfeeding.

5. Slow-release contraceptives

Sustained-release contraceptives are made of contraceptives and macromolecular compounds with slow-release properties, such as medical silicone rubber, polyethylene, and coating materials for preparing microcapsules, into various dosage forms, which are continuously and constantly released in the body. Effective contraceptive effect.

Adverse reactions

1. Early pregnancy-like reaction

A small number of women have symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, and loss of appetite after taking the drug, which is caused by estrogen stimulation of the gastric mucosa. Mild cases generally do not need to be treated, and can be relieved or disappeared after a few days. Those with severe symptoms need to take vitamin supplements every night.

2. Menstrual changes

Steroidal contraceptives act on the endometrium by replacing endogenous hormones during medication. Some women may experience shortened menstrual periods and reduced menstrual volume, but dysmenorrhea is relieved or disappeared. Amenorrhea may occur in those with excessive suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. At this time, contraceptives should be discontinued and ovulation induction drugs should be added. Missed or delayed doses, drug failure and other factors can lead to fluctuations in hormone levels in the body, unable to maintain the integrity of the endometrium, resulting in bleeding called breakthrough bleeding.

3. Fatigue, lethargy, weight gain

The progestogen component in contraceptives has weak androgenic effects, which may promote the enhancement of anabolism in the body and increase body weight; the estrogen component in contraceptives can cause water and sodium retention.

4. Pigmentation

A small number of women may have brownish pigmentation on their facial skin, resembling gestational butterfly spots. After the drug is stopped, it can be naturally relieved and recovered; the depigmentation of individual women is slow, but it does not affect health.

5. Others

Some women may experience headache, breast tenderness, rash, itching, increased appetite, etc., and the drug can be discontinued if necessary. Long-term use of steroidal contraceptives does not increase the incidence of genital malignancies, but also reduces the incidence of endometrial cancer and ovarian epithelial cancer. The effects on human metabolism are temporary and reversible, and long-term use does not affect health.

No matter what types of contraceptive pills are used, there are certain side effects, so try not to take contraceptive pills for contraception, you can take some safer contraceptive measures.