Related Knowledge And Definition Of Excipient In Pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceutical excipients are the basic materials and important components of pharmaceutical preparations, and are the material basis to ensure the production and development of pharmaceutical preparations, and play a key role in the formulation and production of pharmaceutical preparations. This article will discuss the significance of its development and application from the classification, status and definition of excipient in pharmaceuticals.

Definition of excipient in pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceutical excipients refer to the general term for all medicinal materials other than the main drug added to the prescription in order to solve the formability, effectiveness, stability and safety of the preparation during the formulation design. The essence of the prescription design process of pharmaceutical preparations is the process of selecting and applying pharmaceutical excipients according to the characteristics of the drug and the requirements of the dosage form.

Classification

1. Classification by source of excipients

It can be divided into natural, semi-natural and fully synthetic.

2. Classification by route of administration

Including excipients for pharmaceutical forms for gastrointestinal administration, namely powders, tablets, granules, suspensions and other commonly used excipients: excipients for parenteral administration forms, i.e. injections, sprays, aerosols, powders Commonly used excipients such as aerosols, ointments, plasters, patches, nasal drops, eye drops, and gargles.

3. Classification by preparation dosage form

It can be divided into solutions, emulsions, suspensions, injections, eye drops, powders, granules, tablets, ointments, suppositories, pills and other auxiliary materials.

4. Classification by function and use

It can be divided into solvents, solubilizers, cosolvents, bacteriostatic agents, suspending agents, emulsifiers, osmotic pressure regulators, wetting agents, glidants, coating materials, capsule coating materials, ointment bases, suppository bases, etc. 50 types, reflecting specificity and practicality.

The position of pharmaceutical excipients in pharmacy

Pharmaceutical preparations are inseparable from excipients since their birth. Pharmaceutical excipients are the material basis for the existence of pharmaceutical preparations. Without pharmaceutical excipients, there would be no pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical dosage forms and preparations exist relying on pharmaceutical excipients, which have various functions such as excipients, convenient storage, transportation, and use. Without pharmaceutical excipients, it is difficult for any drug to be used in patients, and it is difficult for the drug to exert its intended therapeutic or preventive effect.

Pharmaceutical excipients can change the route of administration of the drug

When magnesium sulfate is used as a solution for external use, it can promote blood circulation; when used as an injection, it can slow down convulsions, eclampsia, uremic tetanus and hypertensive encephalopathy.

When trypsin is used as a digestive drug, it is usually in the form of enteric-coated capsules or tablets; when it is in the form of injection, it is used for empyema, tuberculosis, lung abscess, bronchiectasis, thrombophlebitis, and snakebite.

Oral administration of some drugs will produce gastric enzymes and acid media destruction, be too irritating to the stomach, and be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Due to the first-pass effect of the liver, most of them are metabolized and other side effects, while pharmaceutical excipients change the route of drug administration. , improve the efficacy of the drug, reduce a variety of adverse reactions. Its quality reliability and diversity are the basis for ensuring the advanced nature of dosage forms and preparations.

Pharmaceutical excipients can affect the physical and chemical properties of the main drug

For poorly soluble drugs, select appropriate excipients to prepare prodrug preparations or solid dispersions such as salts, double salts, esters, complexes, etc., to improve solubility. such as griseofulvin, aspirin.

Drugs with bad odor or volatile or irritating can be masked or eliminated by adding suitable pharmaceutical excipients into inclusion compounds, microcapsules, coating preparations, etc., or by adding flavoring agents.

Medicinal excipients can enhance the effect and efficacy of the main drug and reduce the toxic and side effects

The benzoate prodrug preparation of streptomycin and chloramphenicol enhances the antibacterial activity, reduces the toxic and side effects, and reduces the dosage.

The anticancer drug mitomycin C is made of ethyl cellulose, polyethylene, ferrite and other excipients to make magnetic microspheres. The drug is concentrated in the target area, the local blood drug concentration is high, fast and efficient, and the dosage is reduced. , reducing systemic side effects.

Pharmaceutical excipients can affect the release rate of the main drug in vitro and in vivo

Water-soluble injections, liquid preparations, aerosols, sublingual tablets, granules, etc., generally quick-release and quick-acting.

Tablets, oil-soluble injections, pastes, capsules, etc., generally achieve the purpose of slow-release and long-acting.

Double-layer formulation, the outer layer is immediate release and the inner layer is sustained release.

The definition of excipient in pharmaceuticals varies from country to country. Although the definition of excipient in pharmaceuticals may seem simple, it has a very important role.