All You Want to Know About Alkyne

What Is an Alkyne

Alkyne, a general term for hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds in the molecule, is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon. Simple alkyne compounds are acetylene (C2H2), propyne (C3H4) and so on. Among them, acetylene is the most important alkyne, which can be used for lighting, welding and cutting metals (oxyacetylene flame) in industry, and is also the basic raw material for the manufacture of acetaldehyde, acetic acid, benzene, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers, etc.

Examples of an Alkyne

√ Acetylene

Acetylene (100% purity) is odorless but commercial purity has a distinctive garlic-like odor. It is very soluble in alcohol and almost miscible with ethane. Acetylene is a flammable gas and kept under pressure in gas cylinders. Under certain conditions, acetylene can react with copper, silver, and mercury to form acetylides, compounds that can act as ignition sources. Brasses contain the form acetylides, compounds that can act as ignition sources.

√ Propyne

Colorless, liquefied gas. Methyl acetylene is a flammable, colorless gas. Sweet odor. A fuel that is shipped as a liquefied compressed gas. Propyne, C3H4, is a colorless, highly flammable, and explosive gas. Sources of propyne emissions to the atmosphere include automobile and turbine exhaust, biomass and polymer combustion, petroleum manufacturing, and tobacco smoke.

Alkyne Reactions

◇ Alkyne reactions of hydrochloric acid

It is used for the production of organic compounds. Organic compounds are carbon compounds, they are very important as they carry out reactions in all living organisms. Hydrochloric acid, which is a strong acid can react with alkenes and alkynes to produce many organic compounds. Hydrochloric acid reacts with propylene to produce 2-Chlorethlene.

◇ Alkylation of Alkynes 

Like alkenes, alkynes undergo an addition reaction with borane in tetrahydrofuran THF. Alkynes add borane to give alkylboranes and acetylene derivatives. Similar to alkenes, this alkylation reaction of alkynes is reversible but somewhat slower.  Alkylation of alkynes has been studied with boranes substituted with phosphorus and sulfur ligands and alkyl groups.

These alkylation reactions are rare due to the formation equilibrium with alkenes or acetylenes, which have a larger thermodynamic driving force for the reaction than the alkenes and alkynes.

◇ Borylation of Alkynes

Borylation is an alkylation reaction of alkenes or alkynes that are substituted with boryl groups. The alkyl group in alkylboranes may be subsequently alkenylated to alkenyl boranes leading to alkenes and alkyne derivatives. Chloroborane addition is the reaction of ethylene, alkyne, or alkynes with boron trichloride BCl3 resulting in alkyl chlorides and alkyl bromides. Borylation occurs when an alkyne or alkylene reacts with one equivalent of chloroform species to form an alkylchloro derivative. This reaction can be reversible to alkenyl boranes formation. This reaction occurs by the initial attack of alkenes to a silicon atom.

Recent Market News on It

● The operating rate of the alkyne aldehyde plant is 35.5% and the monthly output is 57000 tons.

Two sets of 75,000 tons of alkyne aldehyde plant were overhauled by Shanxi Sanwei by force majeure and 75,000 tons of maleic anhydride were stopped.

● Antibacterial properties of synthesised cyclic and linear cationic copolymers

Researchers have synthesised cyclic poly (2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) based copolymers with various components by the intra-chain click cyclisation of α-alkyne-ω-azido hetero-difunctional linear precursors prepared via atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP). Copolymers were characterised by GPC, FT-IR and NMR to confirm efficient cyclisation.

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