What Is The Four Organic Molecules

In order to talk about the four organic molecules, it is necessary to know exactly what an organic molecule is, the characteristics it has to be considered organic, the functions they are given, and how they are classified.

What are the molecules called organic?

In chemistry there are two kinds of compounds, which are characterized by forming matter, in turn the compounds are constituted by molecules, these form the smallest unit present in the chemical compounds, and are formed by two, or more atoms of different elements, which are united through chemical bonds.

There are two types of molecules, organic and inorganic, an organic molecule differs because in its constitution it presents carbon atoms, united through bonds called covalent bonds, with another carbon atom, and carbon atoms united to hydrogen atoms.

Types of organic molecules

To know what are the four organic molecules, it is necessary to differentiate the types of organic molecules that exist, and fundamentally they are classified into two types:

Natural type organic molecules.

Living beings process and synthesize a variety of substances in order to benefit and satisfy the requirements of their organisms, among them biomolecules, these are natural organic molecules, to name a few: collagen, cholesterol, glucose, methane present in substances such as oil, among others.

Artificial type organic molecules

This type of molecules is not present in nature, they are artificially elaborated by man in laboratory and industrial processes, among these molecules are those of the components based on plastics and other products derived from petrochemicals.

The four organic molecules

The four types of organic molecules that exist are:

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Nucleotides

Proteins

Carbohydrates

These molecules called organic represent a vital need in organisms, since they are the fundamental form in which they obtain the energy they need to carry out the various natural activities, such as moving, digesting food, etc.

They are classified into monosaccharides, which are nothing more than simple sugars, another type are disaccharides made up of two sugars, and finally polysaccharides, which have chains of several monosaccharides.

Lipids

These molecules have the capacity to repel water, they are also characterized for being energy stores, and fulfill functions of great importance within the structures that make up the organisms of living beings, they are classified as fats, sphingolipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, waxes, and the so-called steroids.

Proteins

This type of molecule is one of the largest among organic molecules, due to its composition, which includes very long chains of amino acids, specifically these are called polypeptide chains.

Proteins based on the amino acids that make them up have a function of great importance in the life of organisms.

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Nucleotides

The conformation based on 5 carbon atoms, phosphate groups, nitrogenous bases, and sugar, turn these molecules into organic components of great complexity.

The main function within organisms is the transfer of energy generated in the variety of chemical reactions that occur within each organism.

They are present in very important acids in living beings, the clearest examples are DNA, RNA, and ATP, for these reasons nucleotides are one of the four organic molecules.

Among the fundamental qualities of organic molecules, it can be mentioned that a great majority of them possess combustibility, they also possess solubility characteristics in different types of solvents including water and various organic types.

Some organic molecules

To continue talking about the four organic molecules, we can mention some of these molecules:

Glucose, has in chemistry the formula C6H12O6, which can be analyzed as follows:

C6, the C is the symbol for the element carbon, and the subscript 6 means that there are 6 carbon atoms forming the molecule.

H12, hydrogen is represented by the symbol H, with a subscript 12, indicating 12 atoms of this element in the molecule.

O6, the O stands for the element oxygen, and the subscript 6 means that there are 6 atoms of the element in each molecule of the substance.

This substance is one of the important carbohydrates, from which living organisms are supplied with energy.

Collagen is one of the organic molecules, is part of the proteins, is formed by fibers that constitute a structure that has great resistance, and allows organisms to exert tensile forces.

Cholesterol is a molecule that is an integral part of lipids, found in the tissues and blood plasma of organisms.

Cellulose, fructose, methane, benzene, are other organic molecules, along with many others.