Bronchial asthma is a reversible, obstructive respiratory disease characterized by recurrent cough, wheezing, and dyspnea, accompanied by airway hyperresponsiveness. Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that seriously endangers children's health. It has a high incidence rate and is often characterized by a chronic course of recurrent attacks, which seriously affects the learning, life, and activities of children, and affects the growth and development of children and adolescents. Many children with asthma eventually develop into adult asthma due to untimely or improper treatment, which is not cured, with impaired lung function, and some patients even completely lose their ability to move physically. Severe asthma attacks can be fatal if not treated promptly and effectively. The definition, etiology, pathogenesis, immunology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic and treatment principles of asthma are basically similar in children and adults. However, children with asthma are in a continuous growth and development process in terms of intelligence, body, psychology, and immune system. Especially in immunology and pathophysiology, childhood asthma has its own special aspects.