Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis syndrome that mainly invades the cranial arteries. In the 19th century, Jonathon Hutchinson first described a male patient who had difficulty wearing a hat due to tenderness in the temporal artery. Since then, the clinical characteristics of GCA have gradually been clarified. It is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis. The cases of giant cell arteritis discovered in the early years almost all involved the temporal artery, accompanied by temporal headache, scalp and temporal artery tenderness, so it is also called temporal arteritis (TA), granulomatous vasculitis or cranial arteritis. It is now known that TA mainly affects the arterial branches from the aortic arch, and can also affect other medium-sized arteries. Granulomas can form at the site of vascular inflammation, containing varying numbers of giant cells, so it is now mostly called giant cell arteritis. Giant cells refer to any giant cells that may have one or more nuclei, such as multinuclear giant cells (MGC). It includes two diseases with similar pathology but different clinical manifestations, namely temporal arteritis (TA) and Takayasus disease. GCA is characterized by temporal headache, intermittent mandibular dyskinesia and blindness, and the age of onset is over 50 years old.