Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a hereditary hemolytic disease caused by congenital abnormalities in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton protein. Its main feature is the presence of a large number of small spherical red blood cells in the peripheral blood. Clinically, it is characterized by anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, an increase in spherical red blood cells in the blood, a chronic anemia course, and repeated acute hemolysis. It is now clear that HS is a hereditary disease caused by abnormalities in the erythrocyte membrane protein gene. The hemolytic mechanism is mainly due to defects in the erythrocyte membrane structure, which causes the erythrocytes to become spherical, and the "plasticity" is reduced. When the spleen is destroyed, extravascular hemolysis occurs. It can occur at any age, but is more common in people under 60 years old. The incidence is equal in men and women.