Malaria is a very old disease. As early as 2000 BC, there were special chapters such as "Yalaria Theory" and "Acupuncture Theory" in "Huangdi Neijing Suwen" that discussed the cause, symptoms and treatment of malaria, and divided it into "daily", "inter-daily" and "tri-daily" according to the pattern of onset. However, it was not until 1880 when the Frenchman Laveran discovered malarial parasites in the serum of malaria patients; and in 1897 when the British man Ross discovered the relationship between mosquitoes and the spread of malaria, that its true cause was clarified. Cerebral malaria is a common and serious infection of the central nervous system. In developing countries, cerebral malaria is an important cause of death and neurological diseases. In developed countries, it is also found that its impact on tourists to tropical areas is increasing day by day. Early detection of cerebral malaria is as important as early treatment. Although unified clinical standards are used and modern medicine has made some achievements in clarifying different pathogenesis, the pathophysiology of malaria is still controversial.