Spina bifida and related malformations belong to incomplete neural tube closure malformations. Spina bifida can be a widespread failure of the neural tube to fuse, which is called complete spina bifida or total spina bifida; it can also be partial spina bifida. During the embryonic period, the neuroganglia are formed and develop into the neural groove towards the caudal end. On the 21st day, the neural folds on both sides of the neural groove wrap toward the dorsal median and fuse to form the neural tube. The fusion begins in the thoracic segment and develops towards the head and tail ends. The caudal end closes in the second week, and the head end closes about 2 days earlier than the caudal end. After the neural tube closes, it gradually separates from the epidermis and moves deep into the body wall. The head end of the neural tube develops into the brain vesicles, and the rest develops into the spinal cord. At the 11th week of the embryo, the bony vertebral canal is completely healed. When the neural tube healing process is disturbed, craniotomy or spina bifida may occur.