glyphosate 48% 41% 36% 480g/l SL 80% SG top 1 herbicide round up factory manufacture

glyphosate 48% 41% 36% 480g/l SL 80% SG top 1 herbicide grass killer factory manufacture

NOMENCLATURE

glyphosate

Common name glyphosate (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, ANSI, WSSA, JMAF)

IUPAC name N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine  

Chemical Abstracts name N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine  

CAS RN [1071-83-6]  EEC no. 213-997-4  Development codes MON-0573 (Monsanto); CP 67573 (Monsanto)  

glyphosate-ammonium

CAS RN [40465-66-5] monoammonium salt; [69254-40-6] diammonium salt; [114370-14-8] unspecified ammonium salt  Development codes MON 8750 (Monsanto)  

glyphosate-isopropylammonium

CAS RN [38641-94-0]  EEC no. 254-056-8  Development codes MON 0139 (Monsanto); MON 77209 (Monsanto)  

glyphosate-sodium

CAS RN [34494-03-6]  Development codes MON 8722 (Monsanto)  

glyphosate-trimesium

IUPAC name trimethylsulfonium N-(phosphonomethyl)glycinate  

Chemical Abstracts name N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine trimethylsulfonium salt  

Other names sulfosate  CAS RN [81591-81-3]  Development codes SC 0224; ICIA0224 (ICI)  

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

glyphosate

Composition Tech. is ?5% pure. Zwitterion structure (P. Knuuttila & H. Knuuttila, Acta Chem. Scand., 1979, 33, 623).  Mol. wt. 169.1  M.f. C3H8NO5P  Form Colourless crystals.  M.p. 189.5?.5   B.p. Decomp. >200   V.p. 1.31 ?10-2 mPa (25 )  KOW logP <-3.2 (pH 2-5, 20 ), (OECD 107; EEC A8)  Henry <2.1 ?10-7 Pa m3 mol-1  S.g./density 1.705 (20 )  Solubility In water 10.5 g/l (pH 1.9, 20 ). Insoluble in common organic solvents, e.g. acetone,  and . The alkali-metal and amine salts are readily soluble in water.  Stability Glyphosate and all its salts are non-volatile, do not photochemically degrade and are stable in air. Glyphosate is stable to hydrolysis at pH 3, 6 and 9 (5-35 ).  pKa 2.34 (20 ), 5.73 (20 ), 10.2 (25 )  F.p. Not flammable  

glyphosate-ammonium

Composition Tech. is 95.2% pure.  Mol. wt. 186.1  M.f. C3H11N2O5P  Form Odourless, white powder.  M.p. Decomp. >190 , without melting  V.p. 9 ?10-3 mPa (25 )  KOW logP <-3.7  Henry 1.16 ?10-8 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.)  S.g./density 1.433 (22 )  Solubility In water 144?9 g/l (pH 3.2). Essentially insoluble in organic solvents.  Stability Stable over 5 days at 50  (pH 4, 7 and 9).  pKa See isopropylammonium salt  F.p. Not flammable  

glyphosate-isopropylammonium

Composition As a wet cake, contains c. 62% w/w  salt, c. 35% water.  Mol. wt. 228.2  M.f. C6H17N2O5P  Form Odourless, white powder.  M.p. Occurs in 2 steps, 143-164  and 189-223   B.p. Decomposes without boiling  V.p. 2.1 ?10-3 mPa (25 )  KOW logP = -5.4  Henry 4.6 ?10-10 Pa m3 mol-1 (25 , calc.)  S.g./density 1.482 (20 )  Solubility In water 1050 g/l (25 , pH 4.3). In  <0.5, m 19.86 (both in g/l, 20 ).  Stability Stable 5 days at pH 4, 5, and 9 (50 ).  pKa 5.77?.03, 2.18?.02 (20? ), (OECD 112)  

glyphosate-sodium

Mol. wt. 191.1  M.f. C3H7NNaO5P  Form Odourless, white powder.  M.p. Decomp. >260   V.p. 7.56 ?10-3 mPa (25 )  KOW logP <-3.02  Henry 4.27 ?10-9 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.)  S.g./density 1.622 (20 )  Solubility In water 335?1.5 g/l of solution (or 414?1.8 g/l of water) (pH 4.2, 20 ).  Stability Stable over 5 days at 50  (pH 4, 7 and 9).  

glyphosate-trimesium

Mol. wt. 245.2  M.f. C6H16NO5PS  Form White solid.  M.p. Decomp. 150   V.p. <0.01 mPa (20 )  KOW logP = -2.9  Henry <2 ?10-9 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.)  S.g./density 1.42  Solubility In water >1000 g/l. In acetone, , , ,  <5 (all in g tech./l).  

COMMERCIALISATION

History Herbicidal activity reported by D. D. Baird et al. (Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf., 1971, 26, 64). The , sodium and ammonium salts introduced by Monsanto Co. in 1974; the trimesium (trimethylsulfonium) salt introduced in Spain (1989) by ICI Agrochemicals (now  AG).  Patents US 3799758 to Monsanto; EP 53871; US 4315765 both to ICI  Manufacturers Shanghai Agrowonderful.

APPLICATIONS

Biochemistry Inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme of the aromatic acid biosynthetic pathway. This prevents synthesis of essential aromatic amino acids needed for protein biosynthesis.  Mode of action Non-selective systemic herbicide, absorbed by the foliage, with rapid translocation throughout the plant. Inactivated on contact with soil.  Uses Control of annual and perennial grasses and broad-leaved weeds, pre-harvest, in cereals, peas, beans, oilseed rape, flax and mustard, at c. 1.5-2 kg/ha; control of annual and perennial grasses and broad-leaved weeds in stubble and post-planting/pre-emergence of many crops; as a directed spray in vines and olives, at up to 4.3 kg/ha; in orchards, pasture, forestry and industrial weed control, at up to 4.3 kg/ha. As an aquatic herbicide, at c. 2 kg/ha. Formulation types SG; SL.  Compatibility Mixing with other herbicides may reduce the activity of glyphosate.