High Quality Cyclic AMP CAS 60-92-4 Powder Fast Shipping

Cyclic AMP More Info

Overview:

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a critical second messenger in many biological signaling pathways. It plays a central role in the intracellular transmission of signals from extracellular stimuli, regulating a wide array of physiological processes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Structure:

cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It consists of an adenosine molecule (adenine + ribose sugar) linked to a single phosphate group in a cyclic configuration. This circular structure is what differentiates cAMP from regular AMP (adenosine monophosphate).

Synthesis and Degradation:

- Synthesis: cAMP is synthesized from ATP by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase, which is typically activated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in response to hormones like adrenaline (epinephrine), glucagon, or dopamine.
- Degradation: cAMP is broken down into AMP by the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE), which helps regulate and terminate the signaling.

Role and Function:

1. Second Messenger in Signal Transduction:
   • Acts as a major intracellular messenger in the GPCR signaling pathways.
   • Transduces extracellular signals (e.g., hormones, neurotransmitters) into cellular responses by activating protein kinase A (PKA), among other pathways.
2. Activation of Protein Kinase A (PKA):
   • One of the main targets of cAMP is PKA, which exists in an inactive form until cAMP binds to it.
   • Upon activation, PKA phosphorylates various proteins, altering their activity and regulating metabolism, gene expression, ion channel function, and more.
3. Metabolic Regulation:
   • Plays a central role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
   • For example, in the liver, cAMP mediates the effects of glucagon by promoting glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) and inhibiting glycogen synthesis.
4. Gene Expression:
   • cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor activated by PKA. Once phosphorylated, CREB binds to DNA and promotes gene expression.
5. Neuronal Signaling:
   • In the brain, cAMP mediates neurotransmitter signaling and affects synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
6. Cardiovascular System:
   • cAMP influences heart rate and myocardial contractility by modulating calcium channels in cardiac cells.
   • It plays a role in vasodilation and regulation of vascular tone.
7. Immune Function:
   • Modulates the activity of immune cells including T cells, B cells, and macrophages.
   • Often has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Clinical and Pharmacological Relevance:

Due to its central role in cell signaling, cAMP is involved in the action of many drugs and physiological processes:

• β-agonists (e.g., epinephrine): Increase cAMP levels through β-adrenergic receptors to promote bronchodilation in asthma treatment.
• PDE inhibitors (e.g., Theophylline, Sildenafil): Prevent degradation of cAMP, thereby prolonging its actions.
• Forskolin: A direct activator of adenylyl cyclase, used in research to raise intracellular cAMP levels.

Dysregulation of cAMP signaling is implicated in several diseases:

• Endocrine disorders
• Heart failure
• Certain types of cancer
• Neurological and psychiatric conditions

cAMP Versus cGMP:

cAMP and cyclic GMP (cGMP) are both cyclic nucleotides that act as second messengers, but they regulate different signaling pathways and have distinct roles:

• cAMP is mostly regulated by adenylyl cyclase and PKA
• cGMP is regulated by guanylyl cyclase and protein kinase G (PKG)

Research and Biotechnology Applications:

cAMP is widely used in laboratory research to:

• Study signal transduction pathways
• Manipulate gene expression and cellular responses
• Understand hormone functions and receptor dynamics

Researchers commonly use cAMP analogs or PDE inhibitors in experimental settings to modulate cAMP levels inside the cells.

Conclusion:

Cyclic AMP is a fundamental molecule in cellular communication. Acting as a second messenger, it bridges the gap between extracellular signals and intracellular responses, influencing nearly every aspect of cell behavior, from energy metabolism to gene transcription and neural activity. Because of its wide-ranging functions and implications in human health and disease, cAMP remains a major focus of biomedical research and pharmaceutical development.

Product Image

FAQ

Q1. Can I get a free sample?

We can send you a samll free sample, and you only need to pay for the shipping cost.

Q2. What is the HyperChem payment term?

T/T in advance
LC at sight
DP at sight

Bank transfer

PayPal

Bitcoin...

Q3. What is HyperChem shipment policy?

Our policy is to strive for the quickest shipment time possible.

For ready stock samples, they are usually shipped within 3 working days after payment received.
For non-ready stock, please contact HyperChem sales team to negotiate.

Q4. What is HyperChem shipment term?

By Express  
FedEx  UPS  DHL  EMS                               
Fast: 3-7 days around, high cost, door to door service

By Air                                        
Suitable for more than 50kg 
Fast: 3-7 days, hight cost, port to port, professional broker needed 

By Sea
Suitable for more than 500kg      
Fast: 7-45 days, low cost, port to port, professional broker needed 

We will always attempt to utilize the quickest and most affordable way for customers to receive orders. And follow -up with customers via email for all shipment details as well as updated track information until it arrives without damage.

Q5. What HyperChem will provide after shipment?

For sample orders: 
After shipment is done, an timely email including:

1. Track details (Fedex /TNT/DHL/EMS Track number)
2. Packaging photo
3. COA, MSDS, etc
4. Dispatch date & Estimated arriving time
5. Shipping invoice

For commercial orders:
A full set of shipment documents as well as package photos can be provided in scan-copy and original, to help customers complete the customs clearance process.