Anionic polyacrylamide, APAM, 9003-05-8, anionic polyacrylamide for water treatment

1. Water treatment field

• Municipal / industrial wastewater: Used as a flocculant for sewage clarification and sludge dewatering (suitable for wastewater types such as printing and dyeing, chemical industry, mineral processing, etc.)；

• Drinking water treatment: Models that meet drinking water standards can be used as coagulant aids to improve the efficiency of water clarification.

2. The field of oil extraction

• Oil displacement agent: improving oil recovery efficiency;

• Drilling fluid treatment agent: improves the rheological properties of drilling fluid and reduces the filtration loss.

3. paper-making industry

•Retention and drainage aids: Improve the retention rate of pulp fibers and reduce the loss of white water;

• Dry strength agent: enhances the physical strength of paper.

4. Other scenarios: textile sizing agents, mineral processing flotation aids, food-grade thickening and stabilizing agents (which need to comply with corresponding industry standards)。

II. Core Functions of the Product

•Excellent water solubility: It can be quickly dispersed in room-temperature water to form a uniform and transparent colloidal solution;

• Wide molecular weight coverage: optional in the range of 5 million to 20 million, suitable for different working conditions (for example, high molecular weight is suitable for petroleum flooding)；

• Strong adsorption and bridging capacity: can quickly adsorb suspended particles, form large flocs and improve separation efficiency; • Good stability: performance is not easy to decay in neutral, weak acid and alkali environments.

Strictly comply with the national standard GB/T 17514-2017 "Water Treatment Agent - Polyacrylamide"; special models for petroleum, papermaking and other industries, which also meet the industry standards such as SY/T 5862-2012 (for oilfields) and QB/T 2831 (for papermaking).

1. 1. 2.Selection based on the characteristics of suspended solids in water quality (key basis)
      
      
      The type, particle size, and charge properties of suspended solids determine the adsorption and bridging efficiency of APAM. It is important to distinguish between inorganic and organic suspended solids: mainly inorganic suspended solids (such as sand washing wastewater, stone wastewater, tailings slurry, steel wastewater): APAM has extremely strong adaptability, and this type of water quality is also its core application scenario.
      
      
      Coarse-grained suspended solids (particle size > 10μm, such as sand and gravel wastewater, mine tailings): Products with a molecular weight of 15-25 million and a degree of hydrolysis of 20%-30% should be selected. The molecular chain is long, which can effectively connect coarse particles, form large flocs, accelerate sedimentation, and reduce sludge volume.
   2. 
      
2. 
3. Fine particulate suspended matter (particle size < 10μm, such as coal washing wastewater, electroplating wastewater): Products with a molecular weight of 12-18 million and a degree of hydrolysis of 30%-40% are selected. They have high charge density, can quickly adsorb fine colloidal particles, avoid loose flocs, and improve the efficiency of solid-liquid separation at the same time.
4. 
5. Mainly organic suspended solids (such as food wastewater, domestic sewage, organic matter in printing and dyeing wastewater): The effect of using APAM alone is limited (it has poor adaptability to wastewater with high organic matter content). It is necessary to use inorganic flocculants such as PAC (poly aluminum chloride) for pretreatment. Then, APAM with a molecular weight of 8-12 million and a hydrolysis degree of 15%-25% should be selected as a coagulant aid to enhance floc strength and prevent flocs from being fragile.
   
   
   Oil-containing suspended solids (such as petroleum wastewater, catering wastewater): Products with a molecular weight of 10-15 million and a hydrolysis degree of 25%-35% should be selected, and demulsifiers should be used together. APAM can adsorb oil droplets after demulsification to form large flocs, realizing oil-water separation and avoiding oil droplets wrapping the agent which affects the effect.
6. 
   
7. 3.Selection based on water turbidity/concentration (to optimize treatment efficiency)
   
   
   Water turbidity and pollutant concentration determine the choice of APAM molecular weight, considering both treatment efficiency and chemical cost:
   
   
   For high-turbidity, high-concentration water (such as tailings slurry, coal washing thickened water, papermaking black liquor): Choose products with high molecular weight (18-25 million) and medium-high hydrolysis degree (30%-40%). The long molecular chains and high charge density can quickly capture a large number of suspended solids, form dense flocs, shorten sedimentation time, and reduce treatment costs. A wastewater treatment plant in a chemical industrial park used APAM with a molecular weight of 12 million, achieving a reduction in sludge moisture content from 98% to 80% and a 30% reduction in treatment costs.
   
   
   For medium-turbidity, medium-concentration water (such as municipal sewage, printing and dyeing intermediate wastewater): Choose products with medium molecular weight (10-18 million) and medium hydrolysis degree (20%-30%). They balance flocculation effect and chemical cost, avoiding floc entanglement and equipment blockage caused by excessively long molecular chains of high-molecular-weight products.
   
   
   For low-turbidity, low-concentration water (such as river water purification, advanced treatment of wastewater reuse): Choose products with low molecular weight (6-10 million) and low hydrolysis degree (10%-20%). They have a fast dissolution rate and small dosage, can effectively remove fine impurities, and avoid secondary turbidity of water caused by excessive chemicals. At the same time, low-molecular-weight products are also suitable for rapid flocculation scenarios, meeting the treatment needs of low-turbidity water.
8. 
   
9. 4.Selection based on water temperature and other impurities (detailed optimization)
   
   
   Impact of water temperature:
   
   
   Normal temperature water quality (15-35℃): Regular specifications can be used without special adjustments, and APAM performance is stable.
   
   
   Low temperature water quality (<15℃): Low water temperature will reduce molecular chain activity and dissolution rate. Products with a molecular weight of 12-18 million and a hydrolysis degree of 30%-40% should be selected. At the same time, appropriately increase the stirring speed and dosage to shorten the dissolution time; the impact of low temperature on polymer flocculants is less than that on inorganic flocculants, but it is necessary to avoid slow floc formation and loose structure caused by excessively low water temperature.
   
   
   High temperature water quality (>40℃): Products with a molecular weight of 8-15 million and a hydrolysis degree of 20%-30% should be selected to avoid degradation of high molecular weight products at high temperatures, which would lead to performance attenuation; at the same time, it should be noted that water temperature exceeding 120℃ will cause APAM decomposition, so pre-cooling treatment is required.
   
   
   Water quality containing special impurities:
   
   
   Water containing heavy metal ions (such as electroplating wastewater): First, add alkali to adjust the pH to 8-10 to precipitate heavy metal ions, then select APAM with a molecular weight of 12-18 million and a hydrolysis degree of 30%-40% to assist flocculation and precipitation and improve treatment efficiency; if the concentration of heavy metal ions in such water quality is too high, it is not recommended to use APAM alone, and it should be combined with heavy metal capturing agents.
   
   
   High-salt water quality (such as seawater desalination, salt chemical wastewater): Products with a hydrolysis degree of 35%-50% should be selected. High hydrolysis degree can improve the salt resistance of APAM, avoid salt ions from inhibiting the extension of molecular chains, and ensure flocculation effect; at the same time, calcium and magnesium ions in water are beneficial to coagulation, and the dosage can be appropriately reduced, while some anions and surface active substances will affect the coagulation effect and need to be removed by pre-treatment in advance.
10. 
    
11. • 1. 5.Core Principles and Considerations for Product Selection
         
         
         Core Principles: First, determine the selection through small-scale tests (take actual water samples, test the dosage and flocculation effect of APAM with different molecular weights and degrees of hydrolysis). Prioritize matching "water pH + suspended solid type + turbidity", then adjust in combination with water temperature and impurities. Avoid blindly selecting high molecular weight and high hydrolysis degree products (which may easily lead to cost waste and equipment blockage).
         
         
         Considerations:
         
         
         The degree of hydrolysis is not the higher the better. A too high degree will increase production costs, while a too low degree will result in poor flocculation effect. For conventional water quality, it is recommended to control it at around 20%, and adjust as needed for special water quality. If the water quality is complex (such as mixed wastewater), the "PAC + APAM" composite dosing method can be adopted. PAC first adsorbs and neutralizes the charge of suspended solids, and then APAM performs bridging flocculation to improve the treatment effect. The selection should be based on the existing specifications of the product (molecular weight 6 million - 25 million, hydrolysis degree 10% - 60%). If the existing specifications cannot meet the requirements, customized services can be applied for. At the same time, we can provide free small-scale sewage tests and video-guided on-machine debugging services to ensure product adaptability.