II. Core Product Features

2.1 Physical Characteristics

• Appearance: Solid powder or irregular granules, light yellow or yellowish-brown in color (slight variations may occur due to production processes and impurity content, without affecting product performance), free of caking and obvious impurities, with good fluidity.
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• Solubility: Easily soluble in water with a fast dissolution rate (the dissolution rate of spray-dried products is 30% higher than that of drum-dried products). No obvious precipitation after dissolution. A 1% aqueous solution is pale yellow and transparent, with a pH value of 3.5-5.0.
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• Density: The bulk density of the solid is 0.75-0.95 g/cm³, and the specific gravity (at 20℃) is approximately 1.18.Density: The bulk density of the solid is 0.75-0.95 g/cm³, and the specific gravity (at 20℃) is approximately 1.18.
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• Stability: Stable under normal temperature and pressure, not easy to decompose. It can be stored for a long time when protected from moisture and direct sunlight. It tends to cake after absorbing moisture, but its flocculation effect remains unaffected after dissolution.
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• Safety: Non-toxic and non-corrosive (after dilution). Wear protective equipment during operation, avoid direct contact with skin and eyes, and seek medical attention immediately if ingested.
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2.2 Chemical Characteristics

• Core Ingredients: Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) content ≥24%, which serves as the core guarantee for the product's flocculation effect. The content is stable with a fluctuation range not exceeding ±1%.
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• Basicity: Controlled within the range of 60%-90% and can be flexibly adjusted according to application scenarios. The higher the basicity, the faster the flocculation speed, the greater the floc density, and the better the sedimentation effect.
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• Water-insoluble matter: ≤0.6%, far superior to basic industry standards. No obvious residue after dissolution, will not cause pipeline blockage or secondary pollution of treated water quality.
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• Impurity Content: The content of heavy metals (arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.) complies with national industrial-grade standards, where arsenic ≤ 0.0002%, lead ≤ 0.001%, mercury ≤ 0.00001%, with no residual harmful impurities.
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• Coagulation mechanism: The stability of colloidal particles in water is destroyed through charge neutralization. Meanwhile, by virtue of the bridging and adsorption effects of hydrolysis products, fine suspended solids and colloidal particles are aggregated into large flocs for rapid sedimentation. It also exerts selective adsorption on dissolved substances, which can effectively reduce water turbidity, COD and other indicators.

2.3 Product Advantages

• High-efficiency flocculation: Flocs form rapidly, settle quickly, exhibit good activity and excellent filterability. Compared with traditional coagulants such as aluminum sulfate, the treatment efficiency is improved by more than 30%, which can significantly shorten the treatment cycle.
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• Wide application range: It adapts to a broad pH range (3.0-9.0) and achieves excellent treatment effects on water quality with high temperature, low temperature, low turbidity, and high turbidity, making it especially suitable for the treatment of complex industrial wastewater.
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• Excellent cost-effectiveness: With a moderate concentration ratio of 24%, it balances treatment effect and cost. It has a lower cost than 28% high-concentration products and higher treatment efficiency than 20% low-concentration products, making it suitable for large-scale industrial applications.
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• No secondary pollution: The residual aluminum ion concentration in the treated water is lower than 0.2 mg/L, with no harmful impurities remaining. The effluent quality meets relevant discharge standards. The sludge yield is low, and the sludge has a low moisture content, facilitating subsequent disposal.
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• Easy to operate: Its solid form facilitates storage, transportation and measurement. It can be directly dosed after dissolution without complex pretreatment, is compatible with existing water treatment equipment, and reduces operating costs;
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• Low corrosivity: It has no obvious corrosive effect on equipment and pipelines, which can reduce equipment wear, extend service life, and eliminate the need for additional anticorrosive agents.

• III. Product Specifications and Parameters

  This product is industrial-grade solid polyaluminum chloride with 24% content. Its core specifications and parameters strictly comply with relevant national standards. The specific parameters are shown in the table below. Customized adjustments can be made according to customers' special requirements (such as low-temperature, high-salinity, and heavy metal-containing wastewater treatment):

  
  

  Parameter Name	Indicator Value	Unit	Test Method	Remarks
  Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) content	≥24.0	%	GB/T 22627-2022	Core indicator, fluctuation range ±1%
  Basicity	60.0-90.0	%	GB/T 22627-2022	Adjustable according to requirements
  Water-insoluble content	≤0.6	%	GB/T 22627-2022	The spray type can be reduced to below 0.3%.
  pH value (1% aqueous solution)	3.5-5.0	-	Determination by pH meter	Under normal temperature conditions of 25℃
  Arsenic (As) content	≤0.0002	%	GB/T 22627-2022	Calculated based on 10.0% Al₂O₃
  Lead (Pb) content	≤0.001	%	GB/T 22627-2022	Calculated based on 10.0% Al₂O₃
  Cadmium (Cd) content	≤0.0002	%	GB/T 22627-2022	Calculated on the basis of 10.0% Al₂O₃
  Mercury (Hg) content	≤0.00001	%	GB/T 22627-2022	Calculated based on 10.0% Al₂O₃
  Hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) content	≤0.0005	%	GB/T 22627-2022	Calculated based on 10.0% Al₂O₃
  Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) content	≤9.8	%	GB/T 22627-2022	-
  Appearance	Light yellow, yellowish brown powder/granules	-	Visual observation	No caking and no obvious impurities
  Bulk density	0.75-0.95	g/cm³	Determination by volumetric method	solid state
  Dissolution time	≤15	minutes	Room temperature 25℃, stirring speed 200 r/min	Spray type ≤ 10 minutes
  Shelf life	≥12	months	Store in a sealed container at room temperature	If affected by moisture and caked, it can be crushed before use without affecting its effectiveness.

  IV. Product Quality Standards

  4.1 Implementation Standards

  This industrial-grade solid polyaluminum chloride product with 24% content strictly complies with the current national standard *Water Treatment Chemicals - Polyaluminum Chloride* (GB/T 22627-2022), which replaces the previous standards GB/T 22627-2014 and GB/T 22627-2008. This standard clearly specifies various indicators, testing methods, inspection rules, packaging and transportation of industrial-grade PAC, ensuring that the product meets quality standards, is safe and reliable, and can meet various industrial water treatment and related production needs.

  
  

  If the product is used for drinking water pretreatment or in special industries (such as food and electronics), it can additionally meet the supplementary requirements for residual aluminum ions and heavy metal content specified in the *Standards for Drinking Water Quality* (GB5749-2022), ensuring that the treated water quality complies with relevant industry standards.

  4.2 Quality Control Requirements

  4.2.1 Raw Material Control

  High-quality aluminum hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are used as raw materials, and suppliers are strictly screened. Raw materials must be inspected before entering the site to ensure that the purity of aluminum hydroxide is ≥98%, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is ≥31%, and there are no harmful impurities (such as heavy metals and toxic organic substances). Unqualified raw materials are strictly prohibited from entering the site, so as to guarantee product quality from the source.

  4.2.2 Production Process Control

  Production adopts an automated spray drying or drum drying process, with full-process computer monitoring. Key parameters such as reaction temperature (120–180℃), reaction time, and ingredient ratio are strictly controlled to ensure the alumina content remains stable at 24%±1%, and that indicators including basicity and water-insoluble substances meet standard requirements. Samples are taken and tested every 2 hours during production, and process parameters are adjusted in a timely manner to prevent the production of non-conforming products.

  4.2.3 Finished Product Inspection Rules

  • Factory Inspection: Each batch of products (≤50 tons per batch) must undergo factory inspection. Inspection items include alumina content, basicity, water-insoluble matter, pH value, appearance, and heavy metal content (arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury). Products may only be delivered after passing inspection and issuance of an inspection report.
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  • Type Inspection: Type inspection shall be conducted once a year. The inspection items shall include all specification parameters of the product, and the inspection results shall comply with the requirements of the GB/T 22627-2022 standard. Additional type inspections shall be carried out in the event of major changes in production processes or raw materials.
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  • Non-conformity Handling: If any product is found non-conforming during inspection, shipment shall be stopped immediately, and the product shall be stored in isolation. The cause of non-conformity shall be analyzed, and corrective measures (such as reprocessing and process adjustment) shall be taken. The product may only be delivered after passing re-inspection. If correction is not feasible, the product shall be completely scrapped and is strictly prohibited from entering the market.

  4.2.4 Test Method

  All index inspections shall be conducted in accordance with the methods specified in the standard GB/T 22627-2022, with details as follows:

  
  

  • Aluminum oxide content: determined by EDTA complexometric titration;
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  • Basicity: determined by acid-base titration;
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  • Water-insoluble matter content: determined by filtration, drying and weighing methods;
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  • pH value: directly measured using a pH meter (1% aqueous solution, normal temperature 25℃);
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  • Heavy metal content: determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry;
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  • Appearance: Visual inspection method shall be adopted. Observe the color and morphology of the product under natural light to determine whether there is caking or impurities.

  • V. Product Usage

    Industrial-grade solid polyaluminum chloride with 24% content is widely used in various industries such as industrial wastewater treatment, municipal sewage treatment, papermaking, printing and dyeing, chemical industry, metallurgy, mining, food, and electric power due to its excellent flocculation performance and economic efficiency. Its core applications are divided into the following major categories, covering water treatment and production requirements in different scenarios:

    5.1 Industrial Wastewater Treatment (Core Application)

    Suitable for coagulation sedimentation and clarification treatment of various types of industrial wastewater, it can effectively remove suspended solids, colloids, COD, BOD, chromaticity and some heavy metal ions in wastewater, reduce wastewater turbidity, and enable wastewater to meet discharge standards or reuse requirements. It is one of the most commonly used coagulants in industrial wastewater treatment, with specific application scenarios as follows:

    
    

    • Printing and dyeing wastewater treatment: It can rapidly destroy the molecular structure of dyes, remove chromaticity and COD from wastewater. When used together with PAM (Polyacrylamide), the chromaticity removal rate exceeds 90% and the COD removal rate reaches over 75%. The treated wastewater can be recycled or discharged up to standard, complying with the *Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Textile Dyeing and Finishing Industry* (GB4287-2012).
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    • Chemical wastewater treatment: For high-concentration, high-turbidity, and highly toxic wastewater generated in chemical production (such as pesticide, fertilizer, and coating wastewater), it can effectively remove harmful impurities and suspended solids from the wastewater, reduce wastewater toxicity, and prevent environmental pollution. It is especially suitable for chemical wastewater containing fluorine and heavy metals. The removal rate of fluoride ions can reach more than 95%, and the removal rate of heavy metals is also over 95%.
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    • Treatment of wastewater from the electronics industry: Used to treat wastewater containing heavy metals (copper, nickel, lead, etc.), organic solvents, and etching agents generated in electronic manufacturing and PCB production. It can achieve highly efficient removal of complexed heavy metals (removal rate >99.8%) and a COD removal rate of over 98%, meeting the requirements of the *Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Electronics Industry* (GB 39731-2020);
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    • Metallurgical and Mining Wastewater Treatment: Treat wastewater generated during iron and steel, non-ferrous metal smelting and mining processes, remove slag, suspended solids and heavy metal ions (such as lead, zinc and cadmium) from the wastewater, reduce pollution of the wastewater to soil and water bodies, and recover part of the useful substances at the same time to realize resource reuse;
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    • Papermaking Wastewater Treatment: Used for the treatment of wastewater from papermaking and pulping processes. It removes pulp fibers, suspended solids and chromaticity from wastewater, reduces COD in wastewater. The treated wastewater can be recycled for papermaking production, improving water resource utilization rate. Meanwhile, it reduces sludge production and treatment costs, and can increase white water recovery rate by more than 15%.
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    • Electroplating Wastewater Treatment: For wastewater containing heavy metals (copper, chromium, nickel) and cyanide generated by the electroplating industry, heavy metal ions can be efficiently removed through complex breaking and coagulation-sedimentation, with a removal rate of over 99%, preventing heavy metals from polluting soil and groundwater.
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    • Other industrial wastewater: such as leather wastewater, oil refining wastewater, food processing wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, etc., can all be treated with high-efficiency coagulation using this product to meet discharge standards or be reused.
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    5.2 Municipal Sewage Treatment

    It is used for the pretreatment, secondary treatment and advanced treatment of urban domestic sewage treatment plants. It can remove impurities such as suspended solids, colloids, organic matter and ammonia nitrogen from domestic sewage, reduce sewage turbidity and COD, and enable the treated sewage to meet the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (GB 18918-2002). The treated water can be reused for scenarios such as greening irrigation and road cleaning, or directly discharged. It is especially suitable for small and medium-sized urban sewage treatment plants, balancing treatment efficiency and operating costs. It can replace traditional coagulants such as aluminum sulfate and reduce treatment costs by more than 20%.

    
    

    

    5.3 Drinking Water Pretreatment

    This product can be used for the pretreatment of drinking water source water (not for direct drinking water treatment), removing impurities such as suspended solids, colloids, algae and chroma from source water, reducing source water turbidity, providing favorable conditions for subsequent filtration and disinfection processes, and ensuring drinking water safety. Strict control shall be exercised over the dosage during application to ensure that the residual aluminum ion content in treated water is lower than 0.2mg/L, complying with the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749-2022). Some high-purity 24% PAC (spray-dried type) can be applied in water plant purification, stably controlling the turbidity of finished water below 0.5NTU.

    5.4 Other Uses

    • Paper-making industry: As a paper sizing agent, it can improve the strength, water resistance and smoothness of paper, reduce paper breakage and lower production costs, and can also be used for the recycling of white water in paper making.
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    • Textile industry: Used for wastewater treatment in textile printing and dyeing, and can also serve as a textile auxiliary to improve the dyeing effect of fabrics and enhance dyeing uniformity;
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    • Mining industry: Used as a flocculant in the ore flotation process to facilitate the sedimentation of tailings and improve ore recovery rate.
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    • Food industry: Used for the treatment of food processing wastewater to remove suspended solids and organic matter, ensuring that wastewater meets discharge standards. It is strictly prohibited to be directly used in food processing.
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    • Precision casting: Used as a casting binder, it can improve the strength and finish of castings and reduce casting defects.
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    • Others: Used in scenarios such as swimming pool water purification, landscape water treatment, and landfill leachate treatment, it can quickly remove suspended solids and impurities in water and improve water quality.
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    • VI. Multi-dimensional Image Display

      To present the product information more intuitively, the image content is described in detail from four dimensions: product details, packaging, usage scenarios, and testing procedures. In practical applications, corresponding physical images can be matched to achieve multi-dimensional presentation.

      6.1 Product Detail Images

      Close-up detail shots of the product

      

      Product Dissolution Effect Image

      

      Product Flocculation Effect Image

      

      6.2 Product Packaging Images

      Front view of standard packaging

      

      Diagram of Batch Packaging and Stacking

      

      VII. Usage Method and Precautions

      7.1 Usage Method

      This product is in solid form. It must be dissolved into an aqueous solution before use and then added. The specific steps are as follows:

      
      

      1. Dissolution Preparation: Select a clean dissolution tank (made of plastic, ceramic, or stainless steel; avoid iron containers to prevent corrosion) and add an appropriate amount of clean water (room temperature is acceptable; the water temperature should not exceed 60°C to avoid affecting product activity);
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      3. Dissolution procedure: Slowly add this product into the dissolution tank while stirring. Control the stirring speed at 200-300 r/min with a dissolution ratio of 1%-5% (i.e., add 1-5 kg of the product to 100 kg of clean water). Stir for 10-15 minutes until the product is completely dissolved, forming a uniform, pale yellow, transparent aqueous solution without obvious precipitation.
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      5. Dilution and Dosing: According to the turbidity and pollutant content of the treated water, dilute the dissolved aqueous solution to an appropriate concentration (usually 0.1%-0.5%), and add it to the treatment tank via a metering pump or manually. The dosage shall be determined through experiments (generally 10-50mg/L, i.e., 10-50g of product per cubic meter of water);
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      7. Stirring reaction: After dosing, rapid stirring is required (stirring speed: 300-400 r/min) for 1-2 minutes to fully mix the product with the wastewater. This is followed by slow stirring (stirring speed: 50-100 r/min) for 5-10 minutes to promote floc formation and sedimentation.
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      9. Sedimentation and Separation: After stirring is completed, allow to stand and settle for 10–30 minutes. The flocs will quickly settle to the bottom of the tank, leaving clear treated water on the upper layer, which can undergo subsequent treatment such as filtration or discharge.
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      11. Note: If the treated water has high turbidity and a high pollutant content, the dosage may be increased appropriately, or it can be used in combination with PAM (Polyacrylamide) (the dosage ratio of PAC to PAM is approximately 10:1) to improve the flocculation effect. If the water is acidic or alkaline, adjust the pH value to 6.0-8.0 first before adding this product for better results.

      7.2 Notes

      • Operation Protection: Wear protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and masks during operation to avoid direct contact of the product with the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. In case of accidental contact, rinse immediately with plenty of clean water. Seek medical attention promptly if ingested.
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      • Storage Requirements: The product shall be stored in a dry, ventilated and cool warehouse, kept away from fire and heat sources, and protected from moisture, direct sunlight and rain. The packaging shall be tightly sealed to prevent moisture-induced caking. The product shall be stored separately from other chemicals to avoid mixed storage. The shelf life is 12 months. If caked due to moisture, it can be crushed and dissolved for use without affecting its effectiveness.
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      • Dosage control: The dosage must be determined based on experiments. Do not increase the dosage blindly, otherwise it will result in excessive residual aluminum ions in the treated water, increased sludge volume, and higher treatment costs.
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      • Dissolution Contraindications: Do not use hot water for dissolution (water temperature ≤ 60°C). Do not dissolve the product together with strongly acidic or strongly alkaline chemicals to avoid chemical reactions that may impair product performance.
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      • Equipment Maintenance: Dosing equipment (metering pumps, mixing devices) shall be cleaned and maintained regularly to prevent blockage caused by product residue.
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      • Emergency handling: In case of product leakage, immediately isolate the leaked area, cover and absorb it with dry sandy soil, collect it properly for disposal, and do not discard it at will to avoid environmental pollution;
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      • Non-dangerous goods: This product is classified as a non-dangerous good. It is not required to be transported in accordance with dangerous goods transportation standards during transit. However, avoid extrusion and collision to prevent packaging damage.

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      VIII. Frequently Asked Questions and Solutions

      Frequently Asked Questions	Possible causes	Solution
      There is precipitation after the product is dissolved.	1. The dissolution ratio is too high, resulting in incomplete dissolution of the product; 2. The content of water-insoluble substances exceeds the standard; 3. The water temperature for dissolution is either too high or too low.	1. Reduce the dissolution ratio to 1%-5% and extend the stirring time to 15 minutes; 2. Contact the manufacturer to replace with qualified products; 3. Adjust the water temperature to room temperature (20-30℃)
      Poor flocculation effect, and the wastewater remains turbid after treatment	1. Insufficient dosage; 2. Inappropriate pH value of wastewater (deviating from 6.0-8.0); 3. Not used in conjunction with PAM; 4. Insufficient stirring speed or time	1. Increase the dosage (determine the optimal dosage through experiments); 2. Adjust the pH value of the wastewater to 6.0-8.0; 3. Use in conjunction with PAM (the ratio of PAC to PAM is 10:1); 4. Adjust the stirring speed and time to ensure sufficient mixing
      Excessive residual aluminum ions in the treated water	1. Excessive dosage; 2. Low pH value of wastewater; 3. Substandard product quality	1. Reduce the dosage and determine the optimal dosage through experiments; 2. Adjust the pH value of the wastewater to 6.0-8.0; 3. Replace with qualified products and require the manufacturer to provide inspection reports.
      The product has absorbed moisture and caked.	1. Damaged packaging; 2. Humid and poorly ventilated storage environment; 3. Exposure to rain during transportation	1. Check the packaging and seal any damaged packaging; 2. Crush the caked product before dissolving and using it, which will not affect the effect; 3. Improve the storage environment and keep it ventilated and dry
      Slow floc sedimentation speed after dosing	1. Low basicity; 2. Insufficient dosage; 3. excessively low wastewater temperature; 4. Not used in conjunction with PAM	1. Contact the manufacturer to replace with a product with higher basicity; 2. Increase the dosage appropriately; 3. Raise the wastewater temperature (if conditions permit); 4. Use in conjunction with PAM to accelerate floc sedimentation
      The product has an unusual odor	1. Excessive impurities in raw materials; 2. Product deterioration; 3. Poor storage environment and contamination	1. Contact the manufacturer to replace the product and request the raw material inspection report; 2. Check the product shelf life, and expired products are strictly prohibited from use; 3. Improve the storage environment to prevent product contamination.

      IX. Comparison of Product Advantages (vs. Traditional Coagulants)

      Compared with traditional coagulants (such as aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride), industrial-grade solid 24% polyaluminum chloride has obvious performance advantages, as shown in the table below:

      
      

      Comparison Items	Industrial-grade solid 24% polyaluminum chloride	Traditional aluminum sulfate	traditional ferric chloride
      flocculation effect	Large flocs, fast sedimentation, and high removal rate (COD removal rate above 75%)	Small flocs, slow sedimentation, and low removal rate (COD removal rate of about 50%).	It forms large flocs but is highly corrosive and prone to causing secondary pollution.
      Applicable pH range	3.0-9.0, wide range and strong adaptability	5.5-8.0, narrow range, requiring frequent pH adjustment	3.0-5.0, narrow range, not applicable to alkaline wastewater
      corrosiveness	Non-corrosive (after dilution) and causes little damage to equipment.	It is weakly corrosive, but it will still corrode equipment with long-term use.	Highly corrosive, causing significant damage to equipment and pipelines.
      Sludge production	Low sludge production, low moisture content, and easy disposal	Large sludge volume, high moisture content, and high disposal cost	Large amount of sludge, and the sludge tends to harden, making disposal difficult.
      treatment cost	Moderate, low dosage, and low overall cost	High, large dosage, and high sludge disposal cost	Moderate, but the equipment corrosion cost is high, resulting in a relatively high overall cost.
      Storage and Transportation	Solid form, easy to store and transport, with a long shelf life (12 months)	Solid form, but prone to moisture absorption and caking, with a short shelf life (6 months)	Solid state, highly hygroscopic, strongly corrosive, and inconvenient for transportation and storage
      secondary pollution	No harmful residues, low aluminum ion residue, and no secondary pollution	Residual sulfate ions can easily cause an increase in water hardness.	Residual chloride ions are highly corrosive and prone to water pollution.
      Application Scenarios	Various scenarios such as industrial wastewater, municipal sewage, and drinking water pretreatment	Mainly used for drinking water pretreatment, with poor treatment effect on industrial wastewater.	It is mainly used for the treatment of acidic industrial wastewater and has a limited scope of application.

      X. Conclusion

      Industrial-grade solid 24% polyaluminum chloride, as a highly efficient, economical and eco-friendly inorganic polymer coagulant, has become a core agent in industrial water treatment and related production fields due to its stable quality, excellent flocculation performance and wide application scope. This product strictly complies with the current national standard GB/T 22627-2022, with all indicators meeting the requirements and no harmful impurity residues. It can effectively solve various water treatment problems such as industrial wastewater and municipal sewage, balance treatment effect and economic efficiency, reduce enterprises' water treatment costs, and help enterprises meet environmental protection standards and achieve green development.

      
      

      This product can be customized and adjusted according to the special requirements of customers (such as the treatment of low-temperature, high-salinity, and heavy metal-containing wastewater). It provides comprehensive pre-sales consultation, in-process technical guidance, and after-sales follow-up services to ensure that customers use the product correctly and achieve optimal treatment effects. For more product details, purchasing information, or technical support, please contact the manufacturer to obtain detailed documentation.