API Vitamin A palmitate

Retinyl Palmitate More Info

1. Basic Information

Retinyl Palmitate, also known as Vitamin A Palmitate or 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenyl palmitate, is a natural esterified form of retinol (Vitamin A). It is the main storage form of Vitamin A in the epidermis and is widely used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The compound is characterized by a long carbon chain (C36H60O2) and a high molecular weight of approximately 524.86 g/mol.

2. Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Light yellow to yellow-red, solid at room temperature.

Melting Point: Approximately 28°C.

Solubility: Highly soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, ether, and petroleum ether; slightly soluble in ethanol (95%); practically insoluble in water.

Stability: Sensitive to air, light, and high temperatures; it can decompose under these conditions, necessitating storage in a dark, cool environment (typically 2-8°C).

Purity: High-purity grades (≥96% HPLC) are commonly used for research and industrial applications.

3. Biological Function and Mechanism

In the skin, Retinyl Palmitate is enzymatically hydrolyzed to retinol, which can then be oxidized to retinaldehyde and further to retinoic acid (tretinoin). While it serves as a stable delivery form of Vitamin A, its activity depends on this conversion process. It is recognized for its potential antineoplastic (cancer-preventive) and chemopreventive activities, as well as its role in promoting epidermal thickening and collagen production.

4. Applications

Pharmaceuticals: Used as a Vitamin A supplement in dietary formulations and therapeutic products.

Cosmetics: A key ingredient in anti-aging and skin renewal products, including moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, where it contributes to skin health and appearance.

Research: Widely employed in in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate Vitamin A metabolism, skin physiology, and cancer research.

5. Safety and Regulatory Information

Regulatory Standards: In China, it is regulated as a food additive and must meet specific purity and safety specifications, including limits on acid value and peroxide content.

Toxicity: While essential for health, it can be toxic at high doses. Proper handling includes wearing protective equipment and ensuring adequate ventilation due to its potential irritant properties.