Kadethrin

396.5

396.50

261-433-0

DTXSID5042083

Yellow-brown viscous oil

81.81000

4.77570

1.278g/cm3

31 °C

526.2ºC at 760 mmHg

100 °C

1.636

1mg l -1 （20°C）

0-6°C

5×10 -6 Pa (20 °C)

UN30829/PG3

20/21/22-50/53

13-60-61

GZ1266550

Xn,N

Hydrolyzed by aqueous alkalis. Rapidly decomposed by light (more slowly in mineral oils). Unstable to heat.|Pyrethrins ... /are/ stable for long periods in water-based aerosols where ... emulsifiers give neutral water systems. /Pyrethrins/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Incineration would be an effective disposal procedure where permitted. ... /Pyrethrin products/

Incompatible with alkaline materials.|Incompatibility: Strong oxidizers. /Pyrethrins/|... Incompatible with lime & ordinary soaps because acids & alkalies speed up processes of hydrolysis. /Pyrethrins/

Miyamoto J; Environ Health Perspect 14: 15-28 (1976). Degradation, metabolism, and toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids.|Miyamoto J, et al; Pure Appl Chem 53: 1967-2022 (1981). The chemistry, metabolism, and residue analysis of synthetic pyrethroids.|Hutson DH; Progress in Drug Metabolism 3: 215-252 (1979). The metabolic fate of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in mammals.|Casida JE et al; Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 23: 413-38 (1983). The mechanisms of selective action of pyrethroid insecticide are discussed.|Papadopoulou-Mourkidou E; Residue Rev 89: 179-208 (1983). A review with many references on analysis of allethrin & other pyrethroid insecticides.

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P322, P330, P363, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 38 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where /pyrethroids/ ... may contact the eyes. /Pyrethroids/|Employees should be provided with and be required to use impervious clothing, gloves, and face shields (eight-inch minimum). /Pyrethroids/|Wear appropriate equipment to prevent: Repeated or prolonged skin contact. /Pyrethrum and pyrethrins/|Wear eye protection to prevent: Reasonable probability of eye contact. /Pyrethrins/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for KADETHRIN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Use carbon dioxide, foam, or dry chemical /on fires involving pyrethroids/. /Pyrethrum/|Fire-fighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Pyrethrum/

Spillages of pesticides at any stage of their storage or handling should be treated with great care. Liquid formulations may be reduced to solid phase by evaporation. Dry sweeping of solids is always hazardous: these should be removed by vacuum cleaning /SRP: with HEPA filter/, or by dissolving them in water, or other solvent in the factory environment. /Pesticides/

Skin that becomes contaminated with /pyrethrum/ should be promptly washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water. /Pyrethrum/|Clothing contaminated with /pyrethrum/ should be placed in closed containers for storage until provision is made for the removal of /pyrethrum/ from the clothing. /Pyrethrum/|Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail or need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. /Pyrethrum/|Employees who handle /pyrethrum/ ... should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Pyrethrum/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for KADETHRIN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediately irritating to the eye. /Pyrethrins/|The chief effect from exposure ... is skin rash particularly on moist areas of the skin. ... May irritate the eyes. /Pyrethroids/

/Pyrethroid/ detoxification ... important in flies, may be delayed by the addition of synergists ... organophosphates or carbamates ... to guarantee a lethal effect. ... /Pyrethroid/|Piperonyl butoxide potentiates /insecticidal activity/ of pyrethrins by inhibiting the hydrolytic enzymes responsible for pyrethrins' metabolism in arthropods. When piperonyl butoxide is combined with pyrethrins, the insecticidal activity of the latter drug is increased 2-12 times /Pyrethrins/|At dietary level of 1000 ppm pyrethrins & 10000 ppm piperonyl butoxide ... /enlargement, margination, & cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells of rats/ were well developed in only 8 days, but ... were not maximal. Changes were proportional to dosage & similar to those produced by DDT. Effects of the 2 ... were additive. /Pyrethrins/

LD50 Rat male oral 1324 mg/kg|LD50 Rat female oral 650 mg/kg|LD50 Dog oral >1000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat female percutaneous >3200 mg/kg

Chronic respiratory disease: In persons with chronic respiratory disease, especially asthma, the inhalation of /pyrethroids/ might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its sensitizing properities. Skin disease: /Pyrethroids/ can cause dermatitis which may be allergic in nature. Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. ... /Pyrethroids/

Kadethrin's former(2) production and use as an insecticide(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.84X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that kadethrin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of kadethrin from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.3X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Kadethrin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Although biodegradation data for kadethrin do not exist, the pyrethroid class of insecticides is readily degraded by environmental microorganisms(5,6) and based upon its structure, kadethrin is also expected to readily biodegrade(5,6). Hydrolysis in moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process for kadethrin(SRC). The second-order aqueous hydrolysis rate constant for kadethrin has been estimated to be 0.1705 L/mole-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(7), which corresponds to aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 1.3 yrs, 47 days and 4.7 days at pH 7, 8 and 9, respectively(SRC). Kadethrin undergoes rapid photodegradation and therefore may be subject to direct photolysis on soil surfaces(8).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.84X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that kadethrin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.3X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 313(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 6.29(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). The second-order aqueous hydrolysis rate constant for kadethrin has been estimated to be 0.1705 L/mole-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(8), which corresponds to aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 1.3 yrs, 47 days and 4.7 days at pH 7, 8 and 9, respectively(SRC). Photolysis in surface waters may also be an important fate process(9). Although biodegradation data for kadethrin do not exist, the pyrethroid class of insecticides is readily degraded by environmental microorganisms(10,11) and based upon its structure, kadethrin is also expected to biodegrade readily(10,11).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), kadethrin, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate phase kadethrin may be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Kadethrin is reported to undergo rapid photodecomposition, but the rate of photolysis is slowed when mixed with mineral oils(3).

When kadethrin was exposed to sunlight, little of this compound degraded by epoxidation in the acid moiety, by thiolactone ring opening, or by ester hydrolysis. Isomerization in the acid moiety and oxidation of the furan ring initiated most of the photodegradation. Exposure of kadethrin films on glass to sunlight for 3 h or irradiation of kadethrin plus isobutyrophenone in benzene for 3 h at 350 nm produced a mixture of the four isomeric esters, cis and trans (Z) and cis and trans (E). When kadethrin was irradiated in oxygenated methanol with the sensitizer Rose Bengal, a methoxy derivative formed which decomposed after 2 days to the ketone analog III.|The second-order aqueous hydrolysis rate constant for kadethrin has been estimated to be 0.1705 L/mole-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1), which corresponds to aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 1.3 yrs, 47 days and 4.7 days at pH 7, 8 and 9, respectively(SRC). Kadethrin is reported to undergo rapid photodecomposition, but the rate of photolysis is slowed when mixed with mineral oils(2).

An estimated BCF of 313 was calculated for kadethrin(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 6.29(SRC), derived from a structure estimation method(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for kadethrin can be estimated to be 1.84X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that kadethrin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for kadethrin is estimated as 8.3X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that kadethrin is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Kadethrin's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC). Kadethrin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Current occupational and general population exposures should be low or non-existent since kadethrin is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products. (SRC)

Pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide are used for topical treatment of pediculosis (lice infestations). Combinations of pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide are not effective for treatment of scabies (mite infestations). Although there are no well-controlled comparative studies, many clinicians consider 1% lindane to be pediculicide of choice. However, some clinicians recommend use of pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide, esp in infants, young children, & pregnant or lactating women ... . If used correctly, 1-3 treatments ... are usually 100% effective ... Oil based (eg, petroleum distillate) combinations ... produce the quickest results. ... For treatment of pediculosis, enough gel, shampoo, or solution ... should be applied to cover affected hair & adjacent areas ... After 10 min, hair is ... washed thoroughly ... treatment should be repeated after 7-10 days to kill any newly hatched lice. /Pyrethrins/

In rats, following oral administration, there is ... rapid excretion.|/PYRETHROIDS/ READILY PENETRATE INSECT CUTICLE AS SHOWN BY TOPICAL LD50 TO PERIPLANETA (COCKROACH) ... /PYRETHROIDS/|WHEN RADIOACTIVE PYRETHROID IS ADMIN ORALLY TO MAMMALS, IT IS ABSORBED FROM INTESTINAL TRACT OF THE ANIMALS & DISTRIBUTED IN EVERY TISSUE EXAMINED. EXCRETION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN RATS ADMIN TRANS-ISOMER: DOSAGE: 500 MG/KG; INTERVAL 20 DAYS; URINE 36%; FECES 64%; TOTAL 100%. /PYRETHROIDS/|Pyrethrins are absorbed through intact skin when applied topically. When animals were exposed to aerosols of pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide being released into the air, little or none of the combination was systemically absorbed. /Pyrethrins/|Although limited absorption may account for the low toxicity of some pyrethroids, rapid biodegradation by mammalian liver enzymes (ester hydrolysis and oxidation) is probably the major factor responsible. Most pyrethroid metabolites are promptly excreted, at least in part, by the kidney. /Pyrethroids/

In rats, following oral administration, there is rapid metabolism (by opening of the thiolactone ring, cleavage of the ester, and ring hydroxylation)... .|The metabolic pathways for the breakdown of the pyrethroids vary little between mammalian species but vary somewhat with structure. ... Essentially, pyrethrum & allethrin are broken down mainly by oxidation of the isobutenyl side chain of the acid moiety & of the unsaturated side chain of the alcohol moiety with ester hydrolysis playing an important part, whereas for the other pyrethroids ester hydrolysis predominates. /Pyrethrum and pyrethroids/|The relative resistance of mammals to the pyrethroids is almost wholly attributable to their ability to hydrolyze the pyrethroids rapidly to their inactive acid & alcohol components, since direct injection into the mammalian CNS leads to a susceptibility similar to that seen in insects. Some additional resistance of homeothermic organisms can also be attributed to the negative temperature coefficient of action of the pyrethroids, which are thus less toxic at mammalian body temperatures, but the major effect is metabolic. Metabolic disposal of the pyrethroids is very rapid, which means that toxicity is high by the iv route, moderate by slower oral absorption, & often unmeasureably low by dermal absorption. /Pyrethroids/|FASTEST BREAKDOWN IS SEEN WITH PRIMARY ALCOHOL ESTERS OF TRANS-SUBSTITUTED ACIDS SINCE THEY UNDERGO RAPID HYDROLYTIC & OXIDATIVE ATTACK. FOR ALL SECONDARY ALCOHOL ESTERS & FOR PRIMARY ALCOHOL CIS-SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLATES, OXIDATIVE ATTACK IS PREDOMINANT. /PYRETHROIDS/|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for KADETHRIN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The synthetic pyrethroids delay closure of the sodium channel, resulting in a sodium tail current that is characterized by a slow influx of sodium during the end of depolarization. Apparently the pyrethroid molecule holds the activation gate in the open position. Pyrethroids with an alpha-cyano group (e.g., fenvalerate) produce more prolonged sodium tail currents than do other pyrethroids (e.g., permethrin, bioresmethrin). The former group of pyrethroids causes more cutaneous sensations than the latter. /Synthetic pyrethroids/|Interaction with sodium channels is not the only mechanism of action proposed for the pyrethroids. Their effects on the CNS have led various workers to suggest actions via antagonism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition, modulation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, enhancement of noradrenaline release, or actions on calcium ions. Since neurotransmitter specific pharmacological agents offer only poor or partical protection against poisoning, it is unlikely that one of these effects represents the primary mechanism of action of the pyrethroids, & most neurotransmitter release is secondary to incr sodium entry. /Pyrethroids/|The symptoms of pyrethrin poisoning follow the typical pattern ... : (1) excitation, (2) convulsions, (3) paralysis, and (4) death. The effects of pyrethrins on the insect nervous system closely resemble those of DDT, but are apparently much less persistent. Regular, rhythmic, and spontaneous nerve discharges have been observed in insect and crustacean nerve-muscle preparations poisoned with pyrethrins. The primary target of pyrethrins seems to be the ganglia of the insect central nervous system although some pyrethrin-poisoning effect can be observed in isolated legs. /Pyrethrins/|Electrophysiologically, pyrethrins cause repetitive discharges and conduction block. /Pyrethrins/|For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for KADETHRIN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The additives (e.g. petroleum distillate), when present, represent a greater toxic threat to the patient than the active ingredient itself. ... Emesis should not be induced when petroleum distillate additives are present. ... The alert person with an intact gag reflex & a sublethal pyrethrum ingestion without other toxic constituents may have emesis induced by ipecac, followed by a saline cathartic & slurry of activated charcoal. ... Pulmonary & allergic sequelae are treated symptomatically with airway maintenance, oxygen, & ventilatory assistance as required. Standard drugs and management protocols may be used for treatment of bronchospasm & anaphylaxis. Seizures are treated with diazepam. /Pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids/|Skin decontamination. Wash skin promptly with soap and water ... . If irritant or paresthetic effects occur, obtain treatment by a physician. Because volatilization of pyrethroids apparently accounts for paresthesia affecting the face, strenuous measures should be taken (ventilation, protective face mask and hood) to avoid vapor contact with the face and eyes. Vitamin E oil preparations (dL-alpha tocopheryl acetate) are uniquely effective in preventing and stopping the paresthetic reaction. They are safe for application to the skin under field conditions. Corn oil is somewhat effective, but possible side effects with continuing use make it less suitable. Vaseline is less effective than corn oil. Zinc oxide actually worsens the reaction. /Pyrethroids/|Eye contamination. Some pyrethroid compounds can be very corrosive to the eyes. Extraordinary measures should be taken to avoid eye contamination. the eye should be treated immediately by prolonged flushing of the eye with copious amounts of clean water or saline. If irritation persists, obtain professional ophthalmologic care. /Pyrethroids/|Other treatments. Several drugs are effective in relieving the pyrethroid neurotoxic manifestations observed in deliberately poisoned laboratory animals, but none has been tested in human poisonings. Therefore, neither efficacy nor safety under these circumstances is known. Furthermore, moderate neurotoxic symptoms and signs are likely to resolve spontaneously if they do occur. /Pyrethroids/

Synthetic pyrethroids are neither cutaneous sensitizers nor irritants. Although these compounds do not cause signs of inflammation (edema, erythema, vesiculation), they do produce paresthesias after contact. Typically, symptoms begin several hours after cutaneous exposure, peak in the evening, and resolve by the following day. /Synthetic pyrethroids/|Contact allergy from pyrethroids ... has not been observed. /Pyrethroids/|The clinical manifestations of inhalation exposure to pyrethrins can be local or systemic. Localized reactors confined to the upper respiratory tract include rhinitis, sneezing, scratchy throat, oral mucosal edema, and even laryngeal mucosal edema. Localized reaction of the lower respiratory tract include cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest pain. An asthmalike reaction occurs with acute exposures in sensitized patients. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis characterized by chest pain, cough, dyspnea, & bronchospasm may occur in an individual chronically exposed. /Pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids/

5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl (1R,cis(E))-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2'-oxo-3'-thiocyclopentylidenemethyl)-1-cyclopropanecarboxylate

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 097803; Trade Names: Kadethrine, RU 15,527, ENT 29177, RU 15525.|Mixed formulations: (Kadethrin +) bioresmethrin + piperonylbutoxide|Tech. grade is > or = 93% pure m/m of stated stereoisomer|Technical material; aerosol; oil miscible liquid

Compatible with other pyrethroid insecticides.|/Pyrethroids/ are modern synthetic insecticides similar chemically to natural pyrethrins, but modified to increase stability in the natural environment. /Pyrethroids/