Nitrobenzene

Nitrobenzene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NO2. It is a colorless or slightly yellow oily liquid with a bitter almond flavor. The density of Nitrobenzene is 1.205g/cm3, the melting point is 5-6℃, the boiling point is 210-211℃, the flash point is 88℃, the logP is 2.118, and the refractive index is 1.551 (20℃). It is insoluble in water and has a higher density than water. It is easily soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene and oil. It will burn and explode when exposed to open flames and high heat. Nitrobenzene has active chemical properties and can be reduced to diazonium salts and azobenzene. Nitrobenzene reacts violently with nitric acid and is often produced by reacting a mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric acid with benzene. As an organic synthesis intermediate and a raw material for the production of aniline, Nitrobenzene is mainly used to prepare aniline, benzidine, azobenzene, etc., and is used in the production of dyes, fragrances, explosives and other organic synthesis industries. Nitrobenzene has a weak oxidizing effect and can be used as an oxidant for oxidative dehydrogenation. Nitrobenzene is highly toxic. Inhaling a large amount of vapor or getting a large amount of skin contamination can cause acute poisoning, oxidizing or complexing hemoglobin, turning the blood dark brown, and causing headaches, nausea, vomiting, etc.

Derived from benzene by nitrification of mixed acid. This is the traditional method of producing nitrobenzene, which was initially produced by the batch method, and later the continuous method was developed, and recently it has been developed into the adiabatic nitrification method. The batch method is a reaction of benzene and mixed acid in a cast iron nitrification pot at 50°C. Continuous nitrification uses a series of nitrifiers. In order to make full use of nitric acid and reduce the production of dinitrobenzene, a small excess of benzene is added. The advantage of the continuous method is that the production capacity is large, and the concentration of nitric acid can be appropriately reduced. The adiabatic nitrification method can be operated intermittently or continuously, and the heat of reaction can be used to concentrate sulfuric acid, with less by-product dinitrobenzene. Raw material consumption quota: pure benzene (industrial product) 665kg/t, nitric acid (98%570kg/t, sulfuric acid (92.5%) 50kg/t, soda ash 20kg/t.

For the manufacture of aniline; in soaps, shoe polishes; for refining lubricating oils; manufacture of pyroxylin Compounds.

Molecular Weight:123.11
XLogP3:1.9
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:2
Exact Mass:123.032028402
Monoisotopic Mass:123.032028402
Topological Polar Surface Area:45.8
Heavy Atom Count:9
Complexity:102
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes