Accelerator DM

332.48700

332.49

204-424-9

6OK753033Z

0505

677459|2

3077

DTXSID1020146

PALE YELLOW NEEDLES FROM BENZENE|FREE-FLOWING POWDER|Cream to off-white powder or pellets

2934200090

132.86000

5.6

yellow amorphous powder

1.50 g/cm³

180 °C

532.5ºC at 760 mmHg

271ºC

1.752

H2O: <0.01 g/100 mL at 21 ºC

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep containers tightly closed.

0mmHg at 25°C

ODORLESS

Insoluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

2,2'-DITHIOBISBENZOTHIAZOLE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. (NTP, 1992).

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air.

Ⅲ

9

UN 3077

2

R31; R43; R50/53

S36/37-S60-S61

DL4550000

Xi

Store only in original container. Separated from strong oxidants. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P273-P280-P501

H317-H410

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

USEPA/OTS; Chemical Hazard Information Profile: Marcaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) (Draft) (1983)|Grandjean E (ed); Ergonomics and Health in Modern Offices. Taylor & Francis p.1-18 (1984). Toxicological effects of office machines and material are examined. Sensitizing substances include dibenzthiazyl disulfide.

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

|Warning|H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P261, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P313, P363, P391, and P501|H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 619 companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P313, P363, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)|Use water spray, dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then dampen the solid spill material with toluene and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with toluene t pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces with toluene followed by washing with soap and water solution. All exposed surfaces should be analyzed for contamination. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Personal protection: face shield and particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Store only in original container. Separated from strong oxidants. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.

The substance may be irritating to the eyes.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

NO open flames. PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST. Prevent deposition of dust. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide's use as an accelerator for rubber production(1) could result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: When released to soil, 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide will be categorized as immobile(3) based on estimated Koc values ranging from 10,960 to 755,000 (1,2). The rate of biodegradation in soil is probably slow (0.8% theoretical BOD in 2 weeks in an aqueous screening test using soil inoculum)(4).|AQUATIC FATE: Volatilization of 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide from water will not be an important fate process based on an estimated Henry's Law Constant of 2.34X10-13(1,2). Insufficient data are available to predict the relative importance or rate of biodegradation in aquatic conditions although one aqueous screening biodegradation test would suggest slow biodegradation(SRC). Aquatic bioconcentration factors of 1.0-7.2 and 1.4-51 for concentrations of 0.2 mg/l and 0.02 mg/l, respectively, were measured for carp(3). Since 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide absorbs light >290 nm(4), it has the potential to photolyze, alhtough the kinetics of the potential photlysis are not known(SRC). It is possible that 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide will adsorb to sediment or particulate material in an aquatic system based on its estimated Koc(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, 2,2'- dibenzothiazyl disulfide will degrade in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 1.3 hrs(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be approximately 291 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.3 hours at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide absorbs light above 290 nm(3) in methanol which indicates that it might photolyze in the atmosphere although no rate data were available.

26.30|Using a flow-through test system, 6-week BCFs for 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide of 1.0-7.2 and 1.4-51 were measured for concentrations of 0.2 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, respectively, for carp(1). These experimental BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes, the Koc for 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide can be estimated to be about 755,000(1). The Koc for 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide can be estimated to be about 10,960 based on an estimated water solubility of 0.187 mg/L at 25 °C and a regression derived equation(2). According to a suggested classification scheme(3), these estimated Koc values suggest that 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide is immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide can be estimated to be 2.34X10-13 atm-cu m/mole using a bond estimation method(1). This value of Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide is essentially non-volatile(2).

Occupational exposure to rubber processing chemicals, such as 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide, occurs through dermal contact and inhalation of dust(1).

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide is approved for use within allergenic epicutaneous patch tests which are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in persons 6 years of age and older.

To determine the metabolic disposition of (l4)C-2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and (14)C-2-mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide (MBTS) male and female rats were dosed topically. Topical doses were 36.1 ug/animal for (14)C-MBT and 33.6 ug/animal for (14)C-MBTS. Although more MBT passed through the skin than MBTS and although relative to rats, guinea pigs absorbed a greater percentage of the dose (33.4% compared to 16.1-17.5% of the MBT and 12.2% compared to 5.94-7.87% for MBTS) the disposition of radioactivity derived from the two compounds was similar. Washing of the skin removed more of the radioactivity from guinea pigs than from rats. For both sexes of rats dosed iv with (14)C-MBT 0.602 mg/kg) or (14)C-MBTS 0.571 mg/kg) disposition of the compounds was similar. In 72 hr, 90.9-101% of the dose appeared in the urine and 3.79-15.1% in the feces. At this time a small portion of the administered radioactivity (1.52-1.96% of the dose) remained associated with erythrocytes. Oral dosing of rats for 14 days with unlabeled MBT (0.510 mg/kg/day) prior to a single dose of (14)C-MBT (0.503 mg/kg) or with unlabeled MBTS (0.521 mg/kg/day) prior to a single dose of (14)C-MBTS (0.730 mg/kg). For both sexes disposition of the compounds was similar. At 96 hr after dosing a small portion of the administered radioactivity (1.20-1.69% of the dose) remained associated with erythrocytes most of which was bound to the membranes. For both compounds and sexes 60.8-101% of the radioactivity administered appeared in the urine and 3.46-9.99% in the feces in 96 hr. At the time only trace amounts of radioactivity remained in tissues other than blood. Of these tissues thyroid contained the highest concentration. In the urine there was a detectable MBT or MBTS but there were two metabolites one of which was identified as a thioglucuronide derivative of MBT. The other was possibly a sulfonic acid derivative of MBT. In conclusion there were similarities in absorption, distribution, and metabolism of (14)C-MBT and (14)C-MBTS in rats and in guinea pigs, indicating that (14)C-MBTS was readily converted to (14)C-MBT.

The metabolic fate of the sulfur atom in the sulfhydryl group of 2-thiobenzothiazole (TBT) metabolites was examined in a series of experiments in rats using (14)C and (35)S labeled L-cysteine and TBT metabolites. Male Wistar rats were orally administered (14)C labeled N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole ODEBT, (35)S labeled ODEBT, (35)S labeled 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and (35)S labeled 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl-disulfide (BTDS). Urine and feces were collected periodically for 72 hours and the urinary and fecal metabolites were determined. The urinary level of 2-benzothiazyl-mercapturic acid (BTMA) was determined in rats administered OCEBT orally. The incorporation of (14)C or (35)S labeled L-cysteine was determined in rats administered ODEBT orally. Glutathione conjugates of MBT from biliary metabolites were determined in rat liver in vitro. The (35)S retention ratios in BTDS and MBT was over 90%. In BTMA only 0.5% of the (35)S was retained. The ratios of conjugated to nonconjugated radioactivity obtained using (35)S labeled compounds were reduced when compared to those found for (14)C labeled compounds. Coadministration of cysteine increased the hepatic glutathione level and mercapturate excretion while inclusion of the glutathione synthetase inhibitor L-methionine-SR-sulfoximine decreased levels. The /data indicate/ that the sulfur atom in BTMA is mostly replaced by the endogenous sulfur from the cysteine pool.

0.12 Days

Impurities found in product: oil, sodium chloride, mercaptobenzothiazole, water, petroleum ether extractables

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include skin and eye irritation. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is a potential eye and skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

ACCELERATORS INCLUDE...BENZOTHIAZOLYL DISULFIDE... COMPD OF THIS GROUP ARE KNOWN SKIN SENSITIZERS & MAY BE PRESENT IN FINISHED RUBBERS IN TOXIC AMT.|Three contact sensitizers in rubber products, ethylbutyl thiourea (EBT), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and 2,2-dithio-bis-benzothiazole (MBTS), /were studied/ to relate the amount of sensitizer eliciting allergic contact dermatitis to the quantity leaching from a product into various biological fluids: normal saline, human plasma and 3 synthetic sweat solutions of pH 5.5 to 7.5. To determine the amount of sensitizer remaining after leaching, Soxhlet extraction with acetonitrile was subsequently performed. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for chemical analysis. 12 MBT-sensitive patients were patch tested with serial dilutions of MBT and MBTS ln petrolatum. A Latin Square design was used in statistical analysis of variance of the patch test results. Large amounts of thioureas leached from 2 rubber articles eliciting thiourea dermatitis, the literature suggesting that these would have been well above the elicitation threshold. Leaching of MBTS was relatively greater than MBT into most media, whereas MBT was a more potent elicitor than MBTS at equivalent concentrations. The lowest eliciting concentration of MBT in 1 subject was 0.01%. Such information should prove helpful to manufacturers in designed products that do not release allergens sufficiently to cause reactions in consumers.|Five cases of allergic contact dermatitis from rubber footwear were investigated by a combination of patch testing in patients and chemical analysis of causative rubber products. /This group of studies/ revealed 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) (typical allergenic accelerators) as causative chemicals in 3 cases from children's rubber shoes, ladies' rubber boots and ladies' canvas shoes. These 3 patients reacted to mercaptobenzothiazole type accelerators including MBT and MBTS. MBT and MBTS were determined in each item of causative footwear by chemical analysis including extraction by shaking with acetone-chloroform (1:1) mixture at room temperature and determination using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (R-HPLC). Subsequently, /an identification of/ styrenated phenol (SP) a newly found allergenic antioxidant as a causative chemical in a case from ladies canvas shoes. The patient reacted to SP but not to MBT and MBTS though SP, MBT and MBTS were determined in the causative shoes by gas chromatography (GC) GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and HPLC. p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-F-R) (a known allergenic adhesive ingredient) as a causative chemical in a case from ladies sneakers /was also identified/. The patient reacted to PTBP-F-R but not to p-tert-butylphenol (PTBP), MBT and MBTS. These 4 compounds were determined in the causative sneakers by GC-MS and HPLC. /These/ studies revealed that not only known allergens such as MBT, MBTS and PTBP-F-R but also a newly found one such as SP were important causes of allergic contact dermatitis from rubber footwear.|The case of miner who developed a contact hypersensitivity to a rubber chemical Pneumax-DM (2,2 -dibenzothiazyl disulfide) present in the cable to miner's lamp is described. The examination first indicated only a positive reaction to 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, patch to the miner's suit, rubber gloves, rubber boots and the cable being negative, which followed to a decision that the illness was not occupation-related. The skin occupational disease was then confirmed by analysis of personal history and catamnesis data, clinical course, and patch of the actual allergen 2,2'-dibenzothiazyl disulfide, which induced a positive erythema infiltration vesiculous reaction. The chemical is cleaved by hydrolysis giving two molecules of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, which also provoked a positive reaction in the patient, thus exhibiting a group cross sensitivity. ...

2,2-dithio-bis-benzothiazole

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Redness.

100% AS A RUBBER ACCELERATOR (EST) (1975)

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-: ACTIVE

2 -MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE IN FISH OR IN AQUARIUM WATER WAS ANALYZED BY HIGH-SPEED LIQ CHROMATOGRAPHY.|An analytical quantitative high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of all mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives in the mercapto mix patch testing standard. The stability of the mercaptobenzothiazoles constituting the mercapto mix was studied both in petrolatum and in buffer solution at pH 6.5 with and without glutathione. In petrolatum vehicle, dibenzothiazyl disulfide was the dominant compound found in stored mercapto mix. In buffer solution at pH 6.5, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and the sulfenamide derivatives morpholinyl mercaptobenzothiazole and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide were converted into dibenzothiazyl disulfide. In the presence of glutathione, both the sulfenamide derivatives and the dibenzothiazyl disulfide were rapidly converted into 2- mercaptobenzothiazole. The findings explain the cross-sensitivities reported for the mercaptobenzothiazole group as a result of chemical reactions resulting in one main hapten. The use of a single substance for patch testing for mercaptobenzothiazole hypersensitivity is reported.