Epsom Salt

120.36800

119.93700

606-949-2

ML30MJ2U7I

1197

DTXSID6042105

Colorless crystalline solid|Orthorhombic crystals|Opaque powder

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism|B - Blood and blood forming organs|D - Dermatologicals|V - Various

2833210000

88.64000

-0.91

White crystalline powder

2.66 g/cm³

1124 °C (decomp)

330ºC at 760 mmHg

Index of refraction: 1.56

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 30 (good)

KEEP WELL CLOSED. /HEPTAHYDRATE/

<0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

<0.01 (vs air)

Odorless

Saline, bitter taste

REACTS WITH CALCIUM HYDROXIDE TO FORM MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE|COLORLESS MONOCLINIC PRISMS; INDEX OF REFRACTION 1.523, 1.535 & 1.586; DENSITY 2.445; SOL: 68.4 G/100 CC WATER @ 100 °C /MONOHYDRATE/|Crystals; odorless /Trihydrate/|The drug reacts with arsenates, phosphates, and tartrates, precipitating the corresponding magnesium salts. /Magnesium sulfate injection/|Lead, barium, strontium, and calcium react with magnesium sulfate resulting in precipitation of the respective sulfates.|COLORLESS, RHOMBIC OR MONOCLINIC CRYSTALS /HEPTAHYDRATE/|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM SULFATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NONH for all modes of transport

1

R36/37/38

S22-S24/25

OM4500000

Xi

Dry.

Stable. Hygroscopic.

P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P501

H302

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Potentially explosive reaction when heated with ethoxyethynyl alcohols (e.g., 1-ethoxy-3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol).

This substance is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.|Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).|The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl magnesium sulfate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.|Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. Magnesium sulfate is included as a topical acne drug product and an orally administered menstrual drug product.|Drug products containing active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for the treatment of boils. Magnesium sulfate is included in this section.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H302 (97.74%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P322, P330, P363, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2481 companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Store and dispose of according to local regulations. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Dry.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly , especially if powdered.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

Avoid inhalation of dust.

Wear safety spectacles.

LD50 = 1200 mg/kg (rat, subcutaneous). May be harmful if swallowed. May act as an irritant. Adverse reactions include hypotension, ECG changes, diarrhea, urinary retention, CNS depression and respiratory depression.

ADMIN OF MAGNESIUM SULFATE IN PREECLAMPSIA & ECLAMPSIA POTENTIATES NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE PRODUCED BY D-TUBOCURARINE, DECAMETHONIUM, & SUCCINYLCHOLINE.|When barbiturates, opiates, general anesthetics, or other CNS depressants are administered concomitantly with magnesium sulfate, dosage of these agents must be carefully adjusted because of the additive central depressant effects.|...Magnesium inhibited extracellular calcium entry, intracellular calcium release, cytosolic calcium oscillations, and phasic contractions of myometrial smooth muscle /induced by oxytocin and other uterotonic agonists/.|...The present in vivo rat study examined the effect of magnesium sulfate to alter the pressor response to norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II (A II). Magnesium doses were chosen to approximate those used in treating preeclampsia. NE resulted in a significant rise in mean arterial pressure (delta MAP, 46 +/- 3.7 mmHg; p<0.001). A II also resulted in a significant rise in MAP (delta MAP, 23 +/- 3.6 mmHg, p<0.02). Magnesium sulfate alone had no significant effect on MAP but attenuated the pressor response to both NE (delta MAP, 16 +/- 1.5 mmHg) and A II (delta MAP, 12 +/- 2.5 mmHg). After discontinuation of the magnesium sulfate infusion, the control pressor responses to NE and A II were again seen (delta MAP, 39 +/- 3.5 mmHg and delta MAP, 28 +/- 4.2 mmHg, respectively). Although magnesium sulfate is not a primary antihypertensive agent, it may have effects on blood pressure by attenuating the actions of circulating vasoconstrictors.|For more Interactions (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM SULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Mouse subcutaneous 645 mg/kg|LD50 Rat subcutaneous 1200 mg/kg

25-30%

OCCURS IN NATURE AS THE MINERAL EPSOMITE. /HEPTAHYDRATE/|MONOHYDRATE OCCURS IN NATURE AS MINERAL KIESERITE. /MONOHYDRATE/

The production and use of magnesium compounds as refractories, as chemical intermediates, and in construction materials(1,2) result in their release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). The production and use of magnesium compounds in environmental applications and in agriculture(1,2) results in their direct release to the environment(SRC). About 69% of the magnesium compounds used in the United States were used for refractories (e.g., olivine)(1). The remaining 31% of magnesium compounds were used in agriculture as fertilizer or animal feed (e.g, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate), as chemical intermediates (e.g., magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide) , construction materials (e.g., magnesium oxide), environmental (e.g., magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide), and industrial applications (e.g., magnesium oxide)(1,2). Other uses include road dust and ice control (e.g., magnesium chloride), pulp and paper applications (e.g.,magnesium sulfate), pharmaceuticals (e.g., magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide), and cosmetics (e.g., magnesium carbonate)(1,2).

AQUATIC FATE: Natural water systems acquire magnesium through weathering reactions, which involve the interaction of water and atmosphere with the earth's crust and subsequent leaching of magnesium compounds into water. The Mg2+ ion is the predominant form of dissolved magnesium. However, some magnesium complexes do form. The magnesium sulfate ion pair complex (MgSO4) is the most significant complex present, representing 2.6% and 11% of the total magnesium content in fresh and sea water, respectively. The concentrations of bicarbonate and carbonate complexes are significant but considerably less than sulfate complexes. Incorporation of magnesium compounds into sediment is an important removal process. For example, a small amount of magnesium is ion exchanged for calcium on clay minerals in ocean sediment. Also small amounts of magnesium carbonate (about 6% of the magnesium supplied by rivers) are deposited with calcite (CaCO3) in seawater. There is significant uptake of magnesium (about 24% of the river input of magnesium) by sediment in which sulfate reduction is taking place(1). The avg Kd value for magnesium sorption on Po River sediments is 1.3 cu m/kg, which suggests that magnesium ions are weakly sorbed on sediments(2). High-temperature alteration of basalts at hydrothermal vents apparently constitute the most important sink for magnesium in seawater(1).

Used for immediate control of life-threatening convulsions in the treatment of severe toxemias (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia) of pregnancy and in the treatment of acute nephritis in children. Also indicated for replacement therapy in magnesium deficiency, especially in acute hypomagnesemia accompanied by signs of tetany similar to those of hypocalcemia. Also used in uterine tetany as a myometriat relaxant.|Parenteral nutrition

Analgesics; Anesthetics; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cathartics; Tocolytic Agents|AN EFFECTIVE & WIDELY EMPLOYED SALINE CATHARTIC. /HEPTAHYDRATE, USP/|FULL DOSES OF SALINE CATHARTICS (15 G MAGNESIUM SULFATE OR ITS EQUIVALENT) PRODUCE A SEMIFLUID OR WATERY EVACUATION IN 3 HR OR LESS. LOW DOSES PRODUCE A LAXATIVE EFFECT WITH GREATER LATENCY.|A COLD, WET COMPRESS OF MAGNESIUM SULFATE SOLN IN WATER HAS BEEN EMPLOYED IN TREATMENT OF SUCH SKIN DISORDERS AS ERYSIPELAS. HOT CONCN AQ SOLN...(ABOUT 1 LB/PINT OF WATER) ARE SOMETIMES USED IN TREATMENT OF DEEP-SEATED INFECTIONS, CLOTHS BEING SATURATED & APPLIED WHILE HOT. ACTION MUCH LIKE THAT OF POULTICE. /HEPTAHYDRATE/|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM SULFATE (32 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SOME ABSORPTION OF COMPONENT IONS OF SALINE CATHARTICS DOES OCCUR, & IN CERTAIN INSTANCES THEY MAY PRODUCE SYSTEMIC TOXICITY. IN AN INDIVIDUAL WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION, ACCUM OF MAGNESIUM IONS IN BODY FLUIDS MAY BE SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE INTOXICATION. MAGNESIUM CATHARTICS SHOULD BE ADMIN ONLY IF RENAL FUNCTION IS ADEQUATE.|THE DRUG IS GENERALLY SAFE BUT CAN CAUSE TEMPORARY LOSS OF DEEP TENDON REFLEXES IN MOTHER & MAY SUPPRESS SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN NEONATE. IT SHOULD NOT BE USED IN PT WITH HEART DISEASE...|NEONATE MAY BE DROWSY & EXHIBIT RESP DIFFICULTIES & DIMINISHED MUSCLE TONE. HOWEVER...NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASMA MAGNESIUM CONCN OF BLOOD COLLECTED FROM UMBILICAL CORD & THE APGAR SCORE /HAS BEEN FOUND/.|Patients receiving parenteral magnesium sulfate shold be observed carefully, and serum magnesium concn should be monitored to avoid overdosage. ... An IV preparation of a calcium salt (e.g., calcium gluconate) should be readily available for use when magnesium sulfate is given IV. /Magnesium sulfate injection/|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM SULFATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Magnesium sulfate is a small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. Magnesium sulfate is gaining popularity as an initial treatment in the management of various dysrhythmias, particularly torsades de pointes, and dyrhythmias secondary to TCA overdose or digitalis toxicity.

Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. (See all compounds classified as Anesthetics.)|Drugs that prevent preterm labor and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions (TOCOLYSIS). Agents used to delay premature uterine activity include magnesium sulfate, beta-mimetics, oxytocin antagonists, calcium channel inhibitors, and adrenergic beta-receptor agonists. The use of intravenous alcohol as a tocolytic is now obsolete. (See all compounds classified as Tocolytic Agents.)|Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS. (See all compounds classified as Analgesics.)|Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity. (See all compounds classified as Anticonvulsants.)|Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Arrhythmia Agents.)|A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes. (See all compounds classified as Calcium Channel Blockers.)

Magnesium is excreted solely by the kidney at a rate proportional to the serum concentration and glomerular filtration.|Magnesium sulfate is excreted by the kidneys at a rate that varies from one patient to another but that is directly proportional to the serum concn and glomerular filtration.|PLASMA CONCN OF MAGNESIUM INCR IN FETUS & APPROACH MATERNAL BLOOD VALUES AFTER MAGNESIUM SULFATE ADMIN IN ECLAMPSIA & PREECLAMPSIA.

None

43.2 hours (for newborns)

Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids. It is essential for the activity of many enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Additionally, Magnesium inhibits Ca²⁺ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels. This accounts for much of its relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle.|CATHARTIC ACTION RESULTS FROM FACT THAT MGSO4 IS NOT ABSORBED FROM INTESTINAL TRACT, & THUS RETAINS SUFFICIENT WATER WITHIN LUMEN OF BOWEL TO MAKE AN ISOTONIC SOLN. IN EVENT...SALT IS GIVEN IN HYPERTONIC SOLN, SOURCE OF WATER WOULD BE BODY FLUIDS, &...DEHYDRATING ACTION IS EXERTED. /HEPTAHYDRATE, USP/|EXACT MECHANISM OF.../CNS/ DEPRESSANT ACTIVITY IS NOT FULLY KNOWN; HOWEVER, EXCESS MAGNESIUM APPEARS TO DECR AMT OF ACETYLCHOLINE LIBERATED BY MOTOR NERVE IMPULSE. /HEPTAHYDRATE INJECTION USP/|Isolated myometrial strips were obtained from humans undergoing elective cesarean section at term pregnancy and Wistar albino rats on gestational days 19-21. These strips were mounted in organ baths for recording of isometric tensions. The effect of magnesium sulfate, isradipine, and ritodrine on the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions was compared. ... Ritodrine (10-8-10-5 M) concentration-dependently inhibited the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions of myometrial strips. At 10-4 M, tachyphylaxis of ritodrine occurred and contractions started again. Magnesium sulfate (10-7-10-4 M) inhibited the frequency but did not change the amplitude of the spontaneous contractions. Isradipine (10-7-10-4 M) had a concentration-related inhibitor effect on both the frequency and amplitude of the spontaneous contractions. The effects of magnesium sulfate, isradipine, and ritodrine were considerably similar in myometrium strips obtained from pregnant rats and humans. ...

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Human systemic effects: heart changes, cyanosis, flaccid paralysis with appropriate anesthesia.

Heptahydrate Magnesium Sulfate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Cough.

Redness.

DERIVATIVE: CONSUMER, DRUG STORE & PHARMACEUTICAL, 25%; CHEMICALS, 20%; PLASTICS, 15%; FERTILIZER, 15%; ANIMAL FEED, 5%; BUILDING PRODUCTS, 5%; DETERGENTS, 5%; PAPER, 3%; MISC, 7% (1981)

.../MAGNESIUM SULFATE/ MOST COMMON FORMS ARE THE CRYSTALLIZED SALT MGSO4.7H2O (EPSOM SALT) & KIESERITE (MGSO4.H2O). WHEN EITHER OF THESE SALTS IS CALCINED TO REMOVE COMBINED WATER, THE ANHYDROUS SALT, MGSO4, IS OBTAINED.|MAGNESIUM SULFATE INJECTION, USP, IS AVAIL IN CONCN OF 10, 12.5, 25 & 50%. /MGSO4 INJECTION/|GRADES: TECHNICAL, CP, USP, FCC|PURITY: 62-70%. /MAGNESIUM SULFATE, DRIED BRITISH PHARMACOPEIA/|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM SULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|Sulfuric acid magnesium salt (1:1): ACTIVE|MAGNESIUM SULFATE IS DISSOLVED IN WATER FOR INJECTION, & SOLN, SUITABLY FILTERED UNTIL FREE FROM SUSPENDED MATTER, IS PLACED IN CLEANSED & STERILE AMPULS. THESE ARE SEALED & SUITABLY STERILIZED. /MAGNESIUM SULFATE INJECTION, USP/|INCOMPATIBALITIES: ADDITION OF ALCOHOL MAY CAUSE PPTN OF MAGNESIUM SULFATE FROM AQ SOLN. ALKALI HYDROXIDES FORM INSOL MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE, ALKALI CARBONATES FORM BASIC CARBONATE, & SALICYLATES FORM BASIC SALICYLATE.|Magnesium sulfate does not occur in nature in anhydrous form. It is found in the form of hydrates and double salts in salt and potash deposits ... .

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Human Drugs -> EU pediatric investigation plans|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Cosmetics -> Bulking; Hair conditioning; Viscosity controlling