Chlorine dioxide

Chlorine dioxide is a yellow to reddish-yellow gas that can decompose rapidly in air. Because it is a hazardous gas, chlorine dioxide is always made at the location where it is used. Chlorine dioxide is used as a bleach at pulp mills, which make paper and paper products, and in public water-treatment facilities, to make water safe for drinking. It has also been used to decontaminate public buildings. Chlorine dioxide is soluble in water and will react rapidly with other compounds. When it reacts in water, chlorine dioxide forms chlorite ion, which is also a very reactive chemical. Because chlorine dioxide is very reactive, it is able to kill bacteria and microorganisms in water. About 5% of large water-treatment facilities (serving more than 100,000 persons) in the United States use chlorine dioxide to treat drinking water. An estimated 12 million persons may be exposed in this way to chlorine dioxide and chlorite ions. In communities that use chlorine dioxide to treat drinking water, chlorine dioxide and its byproduct, chlorite ions, may be present at low levels in tap water.chlorine dioxide tablets

Chlorine dioxide is a flammable, reddish-yellow gas or reddish-brown liquid (below 11℃/52°F) with anirritating odor like chlorine or nitric acid. Molecularweight=67.46; Specific gravity (H2O:1)=1.6 (liquid at0℃); Boiling point=11℃; Freezing/Meltingpoint=259℃; Relative vapor density (air=1)=2.3;Vapor pressure=.1 atm at 20℃. Explosive Limits in air:.10%. Hazard Identification (based on NFPA 704 MRating System): Health 3, Flammability 3, Reactivity 3(Shock; Oxidizer). Soluble in water (reactive);solubility=0.3% at 25℃.

Chlorine dioxide,CI02, is a yellow-reddish gas.It is a very effective bleaching and water treatment agent. Chlorine dioxide is preparedby the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite. It is quite unstable and is commonly prepared immediately before use.

Chlorine dioxide is a flammable, reddishyellow gas, or reddish-brown liquid (below 11C/52F) with an irritating odor like chlorine or nitric acid.

An orange gas formed by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid on potassium chlorate. It is a powerful oxidizing agent and its explosive properties in the presence of a reducing agent were used to make one of the first matches. It is widely used in the purification of water and as a bleach in the flour and wood-pulp industry. On an industrial scale an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide is made by passing nitrogen dioxide up a tower packed with a fused mixture of aluminum oxide and clay, down which a solution of sodium chlorate flows.

Wood-pulp bleaching is the largest use of chlorine dioxide, which is a uniquely selective oxidizer for lignin. In general, the trend in the pulp industry has been to eliminate chlorine and hypochochlorite as bleaching agents and replace them with chlorine dioxide. Since chlorine dioxide functions via an oxidative reaction rather than a chlorinating reaction, the formation of chlorinated organic compounds is limited. Also, unlike other oxidizing agents, chlorine dioxide does not attack cellulose, and thus preserves the mechanical properties of bleached pulp. In the final stages of the pulp-bleaching processes, chlorine dioxide is the most frequently used bleaching chemical. A unique whiteness can be achieved using chlorine dioxide in kraft pulp, sulfite pulp, and soda pulp processes. In the United States, the firststage of the pulp-bleaching process makes use of mixtures of chlorine and chlorine dioxide to reduce the formation of organic chlorine compounds (EPA 2002c; Kaczur and Cawlfield 1993; Vogt et al. 1986).In the textile industry, chlorine dioxide is used as a bleaching agent and produces high-quality textile fibers with additional qualities. For example, “shrinkproof” wool owes its qualities to the reaction of chlorine dioxide with the cross-linking sulfur atoms of the wool.

Bleaching cellulose, paper-pulp, flour, leather, fats and oils, textiles, beeswax; purification of water; taste and odor control of water; cleaning and detanning leather; manufacture of chlorite salts; oxidizing agent; bactericide, antiseptic and deodorizer.

Chlorine Dioxide is a gas used in bleaching and aging flour. it acts on the flour almost instantly, resulting in improved color and dough properties. because usage levels are low, the bleaching action is limited.

Chlorine dioxide is used for several purposes,including its applications as a bleachingagent to bleach fats, oils, textiles, cellulose,paper pulp, flour, and leather. It is also usedfor purifying water; as an oxidizing agent;as an antiseptic; and in the manufacture ofmany chlorite salts.

Chlorine dioxide is manufactured from the oxidation of chlorite or the reduction of chlorate. The latter method is used for large-volume production and is carried out in strongly acidic solution using reducing agents such as NaCl, HCl, sulfur dioxide, and methanol.