Sodium chlorite

90.4416

89.9485

231-836-6

G538EBV4VF

1045

1496

DTXSID8021272

White crystals or crystalline powder|Slightly hygroscopic crystals or flakes, does not cake

D - Dermatologicals

2828900000

40.13

0.4519

White crystal powder

2.5 g/cm³

190 °C (dec.)

112ºC

H2O: 39 g/100 mL (17 ºC)

Treasury ventilation low temperature drying, and acid, combustible separately stored

Prolonged exposure of sodium chlorite and/or its containers to fire or heat may result in an explosion.

Standard molar enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K: -307.0 kJ/mol|Triclinic leaflets, becomes anhydrous at 38 °C or in desiccator over potassium hydroxide at room temperature /Sodium chlorite trihydrate/|White solid; may have a greenish tint from trace amounts of ClO2 or metals such as iron /Technical grade (80% wt assay)/|Strong oxidizer.|Sodium chlorite is a strong oxidizing agent and under proper reducing conditions is readily reduced to chloride, and to a lesser extent, chlorate. In strong acidic conditions, chlorite can change into chlorine dioxide. ...

Soluble in water.

Salts, Basic

Explosive

SODIUM CHLORITE is self-reactive. The trihydrate crystals of sodium chlorite explode on percussion. Sodium chlorite reacts with acids to form spontaneously explosive chlorine dioxide gas (ClO2). If heated above 347°F, the reaction yields enough heat to become self-sustaining, [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:573 1956]. Ammonia with chlorites produces ammonium chlorite, which is a shock-sensitive compound. Finely divided metallic or organic substances, if mixed with chlorites, are highly flammable and may be ignited on friction [Lab. Gov. Chemist 1965]. A mixture of organic matter and sodium chlorite can be extremely sensitive to heat, impact, or friction (Diox Process 1949). Sodium chlorite reacts very violently with organic materials containing divalent sulfur or with free sulfur (may ignite).

II

5.1

UN 2813 4.3/PG 3

2

R25; R26; R32; R34; R9

S17-S26-S36/37/39-S45-S50A-S38-S36

VZ4800000

O; T+

Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents, acids and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Stable. Incompatible with phosphorus, sulphur, zinc, ammonia, finely powdered metals, strong reducing agents, acids, organic materials.

Missing Phrase - N15.00950417-P210-P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P305 + P351 + P338-P370 + P378

H271-H301-H310-H314-H373-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|This product is toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, oysters, and shrimp. Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA.

An 18-month-old bottle of recrystallized sodium chlorite stored at temperatures in excess of 90 °F (32.2 °C) ignited as the bottle cap was turned. The trihydrate crystals of sodium chlorite explode on percussion.|Sodium chlorite and acids react with rapid evolution of spontaneously explosive chlorine dioxide gas. If heated above 347 °F, the reaction produces adequate heat to become self-sustaining.|A mixture of organic matter and sodium chlorite can be extremely sensitive to heat, impact, or friction.|A bleach mix was prepared by placing weighed quantities of the two chemicals /oxalic acid, sodium chlorite/ in a stainless steel beaker. As water was being added, the mixture fizzed a moment, then exploded. Toxic chlorine dioxide gas was evolved.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for SODIUM CHLORITE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Sodium chlorite is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.|Food starch-modified as described in this section may be safely used in food. The quantity of any substance employed to effect such modification shall not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish the intended physical or technical effect, nor exceed any limitation prescribed. To insure safe use of the food starch-modified, the label of the food additive container shall bear the name of the additive "food starch-modified" in addition to other information required by the Act. Food starch may be modified by treatment prescribed as follows: ... Food starch may be bleached by treatment with one or more of the following: sodium chlorite, not to exceed 0.5 percent.

European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Sodium chlorite (7758-19-2) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.|Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives; WHO Tech Rep Ser. 947: p.23-4 (2007) represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, including flavoring agents, with a view to recommending acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and to preparing specifications for identity and purity.|IPCS/WHO; Environmental Health Criteria 216 DISINFECTANTS AND DISINFECTANT BY-PRODUCTS (2000). EHC publications are monographs designed for scientists and administrators responsible for the establishment of safety standards and regulations. This series issued by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), provides basic scientific risk evaluation of a wide range of chemicals and groups of chemicals.|ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite (September 2004) succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance described here. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a hazardous substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies.|For more Special Reports (Complete) data for SODIUM CHLORITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]: May explode from friction, heat or contamination. These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with reducing agents or organic materials.|Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H271 (39.49%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P210, P220, P221, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P283, P284, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P310, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 950 companies from 50 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P405, and P501|H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P201, P202, P210, P220, P221, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]: Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. SMALL SPILL: Flush area with flooding quantities of water. LARGE SPILL: DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure self contained breathing apparatus.|Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

Strong oxidizing agent, dangerous fire ... risk.

Shock- and friction-sensitive when mixed with organic materials. Acid causes release of explosive chlorine dioxide. Reacts with ammonia and amines to be explosive compounds.|The trihydrate crystals of sodium chlorite explode on percussion.|A bleach mix was prepared by placing weighed quantities of the two chemicals /oxalic acid, sodium chlorite/ in a stainless steel beaker. As water was being added, the mixture fizzed a moment, then exploded. Toxic chlorine dioxide gas was evolved.|Prolonged exposure of sodium chlorite and/or its containers to fire or heat may result in an explosion.

Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use flooding quantities of water as fog or spray. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.|Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable-consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

Not combustible. Contact with combustible materials will increase fire hazard. Thermally unstable. Decomposes above 356 °F (180 °C) releasing heat.

Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary. Shovel into suitable dry container. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.|Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. Keep sodium chlorate out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

Application Restrictions-For Occupational Handler -Dermal (Tablets into public swimming pools): Occupational handler must wear gloves while placing the tablet in the swimming pool.|Application Restrictions-For Occupational - Inhalation (Carpet Treatment): Not for residential use. For nonresidential use, a one-hour restricted entry interval is required.|Application Restrictions-For Occupational Handler - Inhalation (Fogging Use): People must vacate the premises during fogging treatments; a one-hour restricted entry interval (REI) is required.|Application Restrictions-For Residential Handler -Dermal (Tablets into pools/spas): Residential handler (homeowner) must wear gloves while placing the tablet in the swimming pool/spa.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SODIUM CHLORITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 143: OXIDIZERS (UNSTABLE)/ Fire or Explosion: May explode from friction, heat or contamination. These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.|/GUIDE 143: OXIDIZERS (UNSTABLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Toxic fumes or dust may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 143: OXIDIZERS (UNSTABLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 143: OXIDIZERS (UNSTABLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM CHLORITE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

... (Soln) Strong irritant to skin & tissue.|Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents, acids and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

NO contact with combustible substances or reducing agents.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use ventilation (not if powder), local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) and chlorite are of moderate acute toxicity ... Studies conducted with sodium chlorite in a number of species demonstrated that the most consistent finding is oxidative stress associated with changes in erythrocytes. This observation was also supported by a number of biochemical studies conducted in vitro. Some studies have indicated that the effect may be related to a reduction in serum glutathione levels, thus reducing the body's ability to protect the erythrocytes from the effects of sodium chlorite. Other studies have indicated that sodium chlorite may cause damage to the erythrocyte membrane. For effects on erythrocytes, the lowest LOAEL of 19 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as chlorite, was derived from a 13-week gavage study in rats in which the NOAEL was 7.4 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as chlorite... Sodium chlorite was not carcinogenic following a number of long-term studies, although these were not conducted to current standards... Sodium chlorite has given positive results in some, but not all, in vitro genotoxicity assays and in one of the two available in vivo mouse micronucleus assays involving intraperitoneal administration. Negative results were obtained in several in vivo assays, for induction of bone marrow micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations and sperm-head abnormalities, involving oral administration of sodium chlorite to mice... Reproductive toxicity studies have shown no adverse effects of ASC or sodium chlorite on fertility. A multigeneration study of reproduction and developmental neurotoxicity was available in which sodium chlorite was administered to rats in drinking-water at a concentration of 35, 70 or 300 mg/L. Published information indicated that the highest dose tested resulted in effects on body weight in both sexes of the parental generation and a range of effects in the offspring, including decreased body weight, changes in haematological parameters and a decrease in maximum startle response amplitude at postnatal day (PND) 24, but not at PND 60. A small but statistically significant decrease in maximum startle response amplitude was also reported at the middle dose at PND 24. The Committee considered that this observation was attributable to perturbed habituation in the control animals. Other effects observed in the offspring of the high-dose group (i.e. reduced absolute brain weight and slight delays in attainment of sexual maturity) could be attributable to reduced body weight. In addition, a USEPA toxicological review of chlorine dioxide and chlorite cited data contained only in the unpublished original study report showing reduced absolute and relative liver weights in the F0 females and F1 males and females of the high-dose group and in the F0 females and F1 males of the mid-dose group.

... The ability of sodium chlorite to promote skin tumors in a group of 20 female Sencar mice /was assessed/. These mice were initiated with a single topical application of 20 nmol (5.1 ug) of dimethylbenzanthracene in acetone followed by 0.2-mL applications of sodium chlorite at 20 mg/mL in acetone twice weekly for 51 weeks. A group of 15 female mice given a single application of dimethylbenzanthracene followed by applications of acetone were used as controls. This treatment resulted in 5 of 25 mice having squamous cell carcinomas at 52 weeks. No tumors were found in the corresponding initiated control mice. Both TPA and benzoyl peroxide produced increased tumor incidence in dimethylbenzanthracene-initiated mice. These data indicate the potential for a weak tumor-promoting activity for sodium chlorite. However, no dose-response information has been forthcoming in the literature.

LD50 Rat oral 165 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation 0.29 mg/L/4 hr /80.9 % purity/|LD50 Mouse oral 350 mg/kg|LD50 Guinea pig oral 300 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In the environment, chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorite are assessed together because chlorine dioxide is produced by a reaction of sodium chlorite (and sometime sodium chlorate) and hypochlorite/acid. In addition, chlorite is a breakdown product of chlorine dioxide. ... For freshwater aquatic animals, the results of studies examining the toxicity of chlorine dioxide/sodium chlorite to freshwater fish indicate these chemicals range from slightly toxic to practically non-toxic on an acute basis. For aquatic invertebrates, the studies indicate that chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorite range from very highly toxic for technical grade sodium chlorite to practically non-toxic for the formulated product on an acute basis. Results of toxicity studies indicate that chlorine dioxide/sodium chlorite are slightly toxic to estuarine/marine fish on an acute basis and range from highly toxic to slightly toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates on an acute basis.|/PLANTS/ For terrestrial plants, results of toxicity studies indicate that chlorine dioxide/sodium chlorite are moderately toxic to terrestrial plants. For aquatic plants, toxicity study results indicate chlorine dioxide/sodium chlorite are moderately toxic to aquatic plants.

... Female B6C3F1 mice ... were exposed to sodium chlorite (SCI), based on the concentration ... in the drinking water ... for 28 days at 0.1, 1, 5, 15 and 30 mg/L/day. There was no statistical difference in drinking water consumption from animals exposed to SCI as compared to the tap water controls. There were few notable changes among the standard toxicological parameters that were assessed. There was no significant difference in body weight gain between the exposed and control animals after experimental period; however, combined body weights measured on day 22 of the exposure were significantly higher (<5%) in the 1, 5, and 15 mg/L SCI exposure groups than the measured control weights. No gross pathological lesions were observed in the SCI-exposed animals; furthermore, there were no differences observed in either terminal body weight, thymus or lung weight. Absolute spleen, liver and kidney weights were increased (10-23%) in several of the SCI exposure groups. In most cases, this increase was not observed when the organ weights were expressed as relative (% body weight) weight; a 15% increase in the relative spleen weight was observed in the 5 mg/L SCI dose group. The erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets, leukocyte counts and leukocyte differential were unaffected by SCI. Reticulocyte counts were significantly increased (34%) in the 15 mg/L exposure group. ... Few immunological parameters were affected by SCI. Spleen cell numbers were unaffected by SCI exposure. Additionally, phenotypic enumeration of the spleen cells revealed that the absolute number of B cells, total T cells, T helper cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells were unchanged after 28 days of SCI exposure. A 26% increase in T suppresser/cytotoxic cells was measured in the 30 mg/L exposure group. Exposure to SCI produced a stimulatory trend in the antibody-forming cell (AFC) response to sheep erythrocytes; however, the response at each SCI exposure group was not significantly different from the response measured in the control group. Peritoneal macrophage activation, serum IgM antibody titer to sheep erythrocytes, splenic mixed leukocyte response (MLR) and basal natural killer (NK) cell activity were all unaffected by SCI exposure. Augmented NK activity was inhibited at the lowest SCI dose, but not at higher exposure levels. In conclusion, SCI, when administered in the drinking water at doses 0.1 to 30 mg/L, produced few toxicological and immunological effects. A slight increase in spleen weight and reticulocyte counts was noted; however, these changes were not dose dependent. Additionally, an increase in the absolute number of splenic CD8+ T cells was observed in the highest SCI exposure group, and a stimulatory trend was measured in the splenic antibody-forming cell (AFC) response to sheep erythrocytes. Lastly, augmented NK activity was inhibited at the lowest SCI dose, but not at higher treatment levels. Based on the results of this range-finding study, SCI is not likely to have immunotoxicological effects in humans.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 18,585 workers (4,817 of these were female) were potentially exposed to sodium chlorite in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers.

/VET/ Sodium chlorite is used in veterinary medicine as a medical disinfectant in post-milking teat dip products used topically for the control of mastitis in dairy cattle.

... The dermal absorption /was reported on/ Alcide, an antimicrobial compound consisting of solutions of sodium chlorite and lactic acid, which when mixed immediately before use result in the formation of chlorine dioxide. 0.6 g (36)Cl-labeled sodium chlorite as part of the Alcide was used to monitor absorption following application to the shaved backs of 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats. Maximum absorption of (36)Cl into plasma was observed after 72 hours, where a plasma concentration of 69.4 ug% (36)Cl was reached. The absorption half-life was calculated to be 22.1 hours, which corresponds to a rate constant of 0.0314 hr-1. /Alcide/|... Sodium chlorite /was/ shown to be well absorbed by the oral route in rats, by using radiolabelled compound (Cmax 1-2 hours). ... The main route of excretion ... appeared to be via the kidneys, predominantly as chloride (32% of the dose at 72 hours), with some chloride (32% of the dose at 72 hours) and a little chlorate (0.73% of the dose at 72 hours). ... 83% of the recovered dose was found in urine, and 13% in feces. ...

Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Toxic fumes or dust may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Hypochlorite and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Hypochlorite and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Hypochlorite and Related Compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The rising-dose tolerance study ... involved administration of progressively increasing single doses of /sodium/ chlorite (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.8 or 2.4 mg chlorite/L) in two 500-mL portions to a group of 10 healthy adult male volunteers. Doses were administered on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16. In the interval between doses, clinical evaluations of the subjects were performed and a battery of clinical chemistry tests was performed on blood and urine samples. These latter tests were primarily directed at potential hematological effects of chlorite, but serum thyroxine and uptake of triiodothyronine were also determined. In addition, blood pressure, ECGs and other physiological parameters were monitored. No treatment-related effects were observed.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In the repeated-dose study ... 10 male volunteers were administered /sodium chlorite (equiv to 5 mg of chlorite/L)/ in a 500-mL portion for 12 weeks (0.036 mg chlorite/kg of body weight per day). Physical examinations and blood and urine analyses were conducted throughout the duration of treatment and for 8 weeks following the last dose of the solutions. None of the parameters investigated was found to fall outside the normal range; although there were some consistent changes in values with time, none of these appeared to be related to chlorite treatment. Three individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency were identified in the course of the study. This genetic disorder makes individuals more sensitive to oxidative damage, which is frequently manifested as increased methemoglobin production and hemolysis when the individuals are exposed to oxidative chemicals in sufficient doses. All three individuals were treated with chlorite in the same concentrations and in the same manner as described for the study of normal individuals ... . No clinically significant changes were found in these individuals.|/CASE REPORTS/ A 25-year-old Chinese male presented with generalized cyanosis and respiratory distress. The patient was known to have ingested 10 g of sodium chlorite in a suicide attempt. Methemoglobinemia was found and intravenous methylene blue was given repeatedly. However, the therapy could not prevent an acute hemolytic crisis. Methemoglobinemia remained profound (43.1%) and disseminated intravascular coagulation ensued. He was put on CAVHD to correct the fluid overload and probably to remove the active metabolites of the chlorite. After 24 hr, the methemoglobin was reduced to 16.9%. However, the development of acute renal failure further complicated the clinical course. Percutaneous renal biopsy suggested a picture of acute tubulointerstitial nephropathy. In addition, hemodialysis was continued for 4 weeks. After 3 months, renal function normalized...|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ ... Infant morbidity and mortality data for a community that had utilized "high" levels of chlorine dioxide as a drinking water disinfectant in the 1940s /was retrospectively compared/ with data of a neighboring community using conventional drinking water chlorination practices. ... /It was/ reported average monthly levels of 0.32 ppm of sodium chlorite added post-treatment ... . Exposure to chlorine dioxide-treated water did not adversely affect fetal, neonatal, postneonatal, or infant mortality, nor did it affect birthweight, sex ratio, or birth condition. Incidence of newborns judged premature by physician assessment was significantly higher in the community with chlorine dioxide-treated water. ... /It was later reviewed and/ concluded there was no increase in the proportion of premature infants when the age of the mother was controlled and that there was a greater postnatal weight loss in infants from the exposed community. /Chlorine dioxide-disinfected water/|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Sodium chlorite depleted glutathione and increased hydrogen peroxide generation in human erythrocyte cells in vitro. It produced changes in erythrocyte membrane morphology and appears less specific in its oxidation of cellular constituents than sodium nitrite.

chlorite

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

GRADES: Technical; reagent|Commercial product contains approximately 81% sodium chlorite with alkali as a stabilizer|Formulation Types: Soluble concentrates and ready-to-use liquid solutions.|Concentrations of chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorite in products range from 0.1% to 80%. Most formulations are in liquid form. However, chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorite are also available as tablets, ready-to-use solutions, dusts, and sachets.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for SODIUM CHLORITE (82 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Chlorous acid, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE|Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) is intended for use as part of an integrated approach designed to control microbial loads on foodstuffs. ASC solution acts to reduce the number of pathogens (e.g. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes), as well as, to a somewhat lesser extent, spoilage bacteria found on the surface of foods during processing. The solution is applied onto the surface of different types of fresh and processed foods at a concentration range of 50-1200 mg sodium chlorite/l. ...|A method for the continuous prodn of controlled quantities of chlorine dioxide in which an aq soln of NaClO2 is delivered at a selected rate and concn to an absorbent carrier containing an acid.|A small amount of sodium hydroxide is usually retained to stabilize the product, and sodium chloride is usually added to reduce the sodium chlorite content to a maximum of about 80%; this is necessary to ensure safety and minimize reactivity ... .|Acidified sodium chlorite is produced by the addition of a food-grade acid (e.g. citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, malic acid or sodium hydrogen sulfate) to an aqueous solution of sodium chlorite. Combining the acid with sodium chlorite results in conversion of chlorite to chlorous acid, which can subsequently form a mixture of chlorite, chlorate, chlorine dioxide and chloride. ...

Sodium chlorite colorimetric detn in food.

Human drugs -> Rare disease (orphan)|Fire Hazards -> Reactive - 1st degree

Food Additives -> PRESERVATIVE;