Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
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Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
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CAS No:
147-24-0
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Formula:
C17H22ClNO
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Chemical Name:
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
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Synonyms:
2-(diphenylmethoxy)-n,n-dimethyl-ethanaminhydrochloride;2-(diphenylmethoxy)-n,n-dimethyl-ethylaminhydrochloride;Actifed;alpha-Hydroxydiphenylmethane-beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether hydrochloride;alpha-hydroxydiphenylmethane-beta-dimethylaminoethyletherhydrochloride;Ambenyl;BAX;Benacine
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CAS No:
Description
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is an antihistamine drug having the chemical name 2-(Diphenylmethoxy)- N,N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride. It occurs as a white, crystalline powder, is freely soluble in water and alcohol and has a molecular weight of 291.82.The molecular formula is C17H21NO·HCl and the structural formula is as follows:Diphenhydramine hydrochloride in the parenteral form is a sterile, pyrogen-free solution available in a concentration of 50 mg of diphenhydramine hydrochloride per mL. The solutions for parenteral use have been adjusted to a pH between 5.0 and 6.0 with either sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid and contains 0.1 mg/mL benzethonium chloride as a germicidal agent.
Diphenhydramine is most commonly used as a first-generation antihistamine and is globally marketed in various brand formulations (Benadryl®, Unisom®, Tylenol®, Zzzquil®). It competitively blocks H1 receptors, thereby preventing the actions of histamine on bronchial smooth muscle, capillaries, and gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. This prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and GI smooth muscle spasms. Diphenhydramine exhibits anti-tussive, antiemetic, sedative, anti-allergic, and anticholinergic activities.
White or almost white, crystalline powder. odorless and has a bitter, numbing taste. soluble in water and in alcohol.
ChEBI: Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of diphenhydramine, an ethanolamine and first-generation histamine antagonist with anti-allergic activity.
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride(Benadryl), is an oily, lipid-soluble free base available as the bitter-tasting hydrochloride salt, which is a stable, White or almost-white crystalline powder. Odorless with a bitter numbing taste. soluble in water (1:1), alcohol (1:2) and chloroform (1:2). The salt has a pKa value of 9, and a 1% aqueous solution has a pH of about 5.
Characteristics
1.0489 (rough estimate)
168-172 °C
163-167 °C(Press: 3 Torr)
1.5800 (estimate)
1000 g/L
LD50 orally in rats: 500 mg/kg (Gruhzit, Fisken)
pH(100g/L, 25℃) 4.0～5.5
Water soluble. Aqueous solutions are acidic.
N-(2-Diphenylmethoxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine hydrochloride gives acidic solutions in water. Neutralizes bases. May react with strong oxidizing and strong reducing agents. May catalyze organic reactions. Slowly darkens on exposure to light.
2-8°C
Safety Information
3
Xn,T,F
36-45-36/37-16-7-24/25
KR7000000
Desiccate at RT
22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11
2811
This antihistaminic drug with sedative properties is mainly sold over the counter. It can be used both topically (treatment of pruritis) and orally for its antiallergic, antiemetic, sedative, and anticough properties. Allergic or photoallergic contact dermatitis and fixeddrug eruption seem to be rare.
Drug Information
Potentially. If taken in large quantities, diphenhydramine can cause severe agitation and confusion, fever, skin flushing, problems with vision, dry mouth, dry eyes, and inability to sweat. Overdoses can lead to high heart rates, abnormal heart rhythms, seizures, and death.If given to elderly patients, diphenhydramine can cause confusion and agitation. Because of this, diphenhydramine is not recommended in elderly patients for insomnia or treatment for the common cold; though it should still be given in cases of allergic reaction.
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Use and Manufacturing
Diphenhydramine is a H1-histamine receptor antagonist with anticholinergic (drying) and sedative side effects. It is categorized as an antihistaminic; sedative, hypnotic, treatment of allergic. It is used to treat allergy and cold symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, urticaria (hives), skin rash, and pruritus (itchy skin).
Drug Function and Efficacy
histamine H1 antagonist, used for antiemetic, antitussive, treatment of skin diseases and pruritus, allergic reactions, as a sedative, in Parkinson's disease, and as a component in cold preparations
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