Chlordimeform

196.68

196.68

228-200-5

GXA8FP6Y9C

0124

2588

DTXSID2037508

COLORLESS CRYSTALS

2925210000

15.6

2.89

COLOURLESS CRYSTALS.

1.105 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

35 °C

163-165 °C @ Press: 14 Torr

131℃

1.522

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 0.025 (very poor)

2-8°C

Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C: 0.05 (negligible)

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 6.8

Oral-rat LD50: 160 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 160 mg/kg

Flammable; decomposes toxic chloride and nitrogen oxide gas upon heating

AMINE-LIKE

145.7 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: single field calibrated]

Forms salts with acids|The technical grade is >96% pure

The hydrochloride is corrosive in the presence of water. /Chlordimeform hydrochloride/

III

6.1(b)

2761

1

21/22-40-50/53

22-36/37-60-61

LQ4375000

Xn,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stable at 50 deg C for 70 hr, but decomposes at its melting point of 225 deg C to 227 deg C. /Chlordimeform hydrochloride/

P273-P280-P501

H302 + H312-H351-H410

Hydrolysis ... : Mix chlordimeform with excess CaO /calcium oxide/ or NaOH /sodium hydroxide/ and sand or other adsorbent in a pit or trench at least 0.5 m deep in a clay soil. NaOH (or Na2CO3) /sodium carbonate/ can also be added to the mixture to help speed the reactions when CaO is used as the main alkali. The amt of CaO or NaOH to use depends on the amt of pesticide to be disposed of and, to some extent, the concentration of active ingredient in the pesticide and the actual chemical nature of the active ingredient. A practical guideline, in the absence of specific directions, is to use an approx volume or weight of alkali from one-half of to the same as that of the pesticide. For dilute formulations, such as a 1% soln or dust, the amount of CaO of NaOH can be reduced by one-half. For very concentrated pesticides (over 80% active ingredient) the amount of CaO or NaOH can be doubled, but the concentrate should be mixed first with water (or soapy water) before reaction with the alkali. For safety, a preliminary test should be made in which very small amt of the pesticide and alkali are mixed and observed briefly to make sure it does not react too vigorously. Sizable quantities of pesticides can be disposed of in several smaller batches, rather than all at once, for added safety. ... (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Coye MJ et al; Biological Monitoring of Agricultural Workers Exposed to Pesticides: II. Monitoring of Intact Pesticides and Their Metabolites. J Occup Med 28 (8): 628-36 (1986). Methods used in studies of occupational pesticide exposure are reviewed, with particular attention to validation in terms of dose-response relationships, to technical complexity and cost, to the requirements for analytical quality control, and to the utility of these methods for field research purposes. Biological monitoring for intact pesticides or metabolites in agricultural workers is limited to a few chemicals, notably, pentachlorophenol, methyl bromide, and chlordimeform. These programs and their use in regulation and enforcement are described.

Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents.

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P264, P270, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P308+P313, P312, P322, P330, P363, P391, P405, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 197 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P309+P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P363, P405, and P501

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. Wear positive pressure, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Organochlorine pesticide, solid or liquid, NOS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organochlorine pesticide, solid, NOS/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, NOS/

To be used under supervision of authorized personnel, closed filling system, aircraft application only.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and othersources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Organochlorine pesticide, solid, NOS/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Organochlorine pesticide, solid, NOS/|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and othersources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock down vapors. /Organochlorine pesicide, liquid, NOS/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... //Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. ... /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid, NOS/

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. This may result in impaired functions.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance may have effects on the bladder and kidneys. This may result in urinary tract inflammation.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! AVOID EXPOSURE OF ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN!

Avoid inhalation of fine dust and mist.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles.

Soil thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the mobility of pesticides in soil. Chlordimeform was found to have an Rf value of 0.04, which places it in mobility class 1: immobile(1). The interaction of fulvic acid extracted from a Spodosol soil classified as humic haplorthod, from near Ribadeo, Spain with pesticides was observed. Results showed that the pH of chlordimeform ranged from 4.10 to 4.96 before interaction with fulvic acid solution and pH ranged from 3.21 to 3.24 after interaction with fulvic acid solutions. Both the weight of the precipitate formed in solution and the coloring of the equilibrium solution indicate that fulvic acid persists in solution in spite of an excess of chlordimeform(2). The interaction of chlordimeform with humic and fulvic acids from different soils was examined. Humic acids (HA) were extracted from four soils: two classified as typic Chromoxerert (gathered from Utrera and Los Palacios, Spain), a Podsol soil from Lugo, Spain, and an Andosol soil from Las Lajas, Canaries, Spain. Fulvic acids (FA) were extracted from the Podsol and Andosol soils. Maximum adsorption of chlordimeform on HA soils and FA soils are as follows: HA T. Chromoxerert (Utrera) - 1,300 umol/g; HA T. Chromoxerert (Los Palacios) - 1183 umol/g; HA Andosol - 1,100 umol/g; HA Podsol - 1,675 umol/g; FA Andosol - 990 umol/g; FA Podsol - 1475 umol/g(3).

A model of foliar washoff of pesticides by rainfall was created. Insecticides were subjected to simulated rainfall after application on octadecylsilanized/trimethylsilanezed glass (to simulate foliage surfaces). After 25 mm of simulated rainfall from a sprinkler was applied, 0.2 percent chlordimeform remained on the surfaces after 60 minutes(1).

highly toxic

Occupational exposure to chlordimeform has taken place during manufacture, formulation and application. In recent years, total urinary levels of chlordimeform and its metabolites have been used as a monitor for exposure, and the urine level correlates well with the degree of skin contamination. ... Chlordimeform is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and through the skin of mammals. Rapid excretion follows, with approximately 80% in the urine and 10-15% in the feces. Low residue levels are evident in all tissues after approximately 10 days, and there is no evidence of bioaccumulation. Following dermal administration in humans, similar rapid excretion through the urine is observed. Several oxidized and conjugated metabolites of chlordimeform are excreted in the urine, demethylchlordimeform, N-formyl-4-chloro-o-toluidine and 4-chloro-o-toluidine being the major metabolites. In in vitro studies the same metabolites are formed, 4-chloro-o-toluidine being the major metabolite. Chlordimeform has moderate toxicity when tested in several species by oral and dermal routes of administration. The major metabolites have low oral toxicity ... Following either short- or long-term exposure in both mice and rats with either chlordimeform or its metabolites, treatment-related changes can be observed in hematological parameters, and there is some evidence of hyperplasia of the epithelium of the bile duct and urinary bladder at the high dose levels. ... In mice, following dietary administration of either chlordimeform, N-formyl-4-chloro-o-toluidine or 4-chloro-o-toluidine, there is a dose-related increase in hemorrhagic malignant tumors of vascular origin classified as malignant hemangioendotheliomas, which cause a dose-related increase in mortality. Chlordimeform does not affect reproductive parameters, nor does it have any teratogenic potential. Chlordimeform has been tested in a broad range of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays. No positive responses have been reported ... Chlordimeform induces a variety of pharmacological and biochemical effects in animals, including cardiovascular changes, hypothermia, hyperexcitability, effects on central visual and auditory functions, and modulation of biogenic amines and drug-metabolizing enzymes. Acute poisoning /in humans/ causes fatigue, nausea and loss of appetite, and, in more severe cases, somnolence, cyanosis, urgency in urination, cystitis, cardiovascular effects (tachycardia, bradycardia, ECG changes), coma and shock. Generally, there is complete recovery from acute intoxication. Following chronic exposure /in humans/ to chlordimeform, additional symptoms include abdominal pain, skin itching and rashes (dermal exposure), and gross and microscopic hematurias. A large number of cases with clinical symptoms of chronic exposure have been reported in both chlordimeform manufacturing plants as well as in agricultural workers. Following occupational exposure, epidemiological evidence has provided a strong association between exposure to the metabolite 4-chloro-o-toluidine and the incidence of human urinary bladder cancer. There is currently only weak evidence for an association between exposure to chlordimeform and human bladder cancer. There were no significant effects on populations of soil fungi, bacteria, or actinomycetes following application of chlordimeform to soil. There are no laboratory toxicity data on freshwater invertebrates. ... Heavy exposure during manufacture or use ... has led to signs of acute poisoning in workers. Since both production and use are reported to have ceased worldwide, acute poisoning should no longer occur. The risk associated with chronic exposure, however, particularly the risk of bladder cancer, will continue to be of concern for many years. ... Chlordimeform does not persist in the environment, and therefore there are not expected to be any long-term detrimental effects on the environment as a result of past use. ... Those with occupational exposure to chlordimeform should participate in a health screening program that includes urinary cytology and the detection of hematuria.

Chlordimeform (50 mg/kg body wt ip) and some of its metabolites inhibit ethanol metab in mice.|Mechanisms of formamidine synergism of pyrethroid insecticides were investigated in the house fly, Musca domestica. A bioassay method was developed to show formamidine synergism of cypermethrin in adult house flies. Flies were exposed to a residue of cypermethrin with and without formamidine for 30 min and then transferred to a clean container. Mortality was recorded 24 hr later. Synergism of cypermethrin occurred in flies exposed simultaneously to cypermethrin plus formamidines and in flies exposed to cypermethrin either before or after exposure to a formamidine. Synergism ranged up to 11.8 fold and was greater in susceptible than in resistant house flies. A monomeric derivative of amitraz (BT 27271) was the most active synergist, chlordimeform was intermediate, and BT 27271 was least active. Synergism of cypermethrin also occurred in flies injected with octopamine and then exposed to cypermethrin, suggesting that formamidines may be acting as octopamine agonists. Measurements of the effects of formamidines on uptake of cypermethrin showed that BT 27271 increased uptake less than chlordimeform and that BT 27271 had almost no effect. Both target site and behavioral effects are discussed as possible mechanisms of formamidine synergism of cypermethrin and other pyrethroids.

LD50 Rat oral 170-330 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 220 mg/kg|LD50 Rat percutaneous 640 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 625 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for CHLORDIMEFORM (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chlordimeform is of anthropogenic origin, and it is not known to be produced by natural sources. (SRC)

Chlordimeform's production and use as an insecticide/acaricide/ovicide for the control of insects in agricultural applications(1) will result in its release to the environment from its use(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 890(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chlordimeform is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chlordimeform is not expected from moist soil surfaces, given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.45X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 3.6X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 270 mg/l(5). Chlordimeform is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an experimental vapor pressure of 3.6X10-4 mm Hg(4,SRC). When soluble powder or emulsifiable concentrate formulations of chlordimeform was applied to Hagerstown silt loam soil, the residue decreased rapidly but 10% was detectable after 500 days. ((14)C-Tolyl)-chlordimeform was added to soil and to soil plus straw. After about 7 days, (14)CO2 evolved and continued for more than half a yr(6). Cultures of mixed populations (inoculum unknown) of soil micro-organisms from Louisiana Commerce Silt Loam and Indiana Clay Loam were prepared and suspended in 50 ml of a synthetic medium containing 25 ug/ml chlordimeform. After incubation for three weeks, 70 percent chlordimeform degradation was found(7).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 890(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chlordimeform is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Chlordimeform is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.45X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 3.6X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 270 mg/l(5). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3574 hours and 1087 days, respectively(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF value of 93(3,SRC), from an experimental log Kow(2,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlordimeform, which has an experimental vapor pressure of 3.6X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlordimeform is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 0.2 days(3,SRC). Particulate-phase chlordimeform may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

WHEN GALECRON WAS EXPOSED TO UV & SUNLIGHT, THE MAJOR PRODUCT WAS N-FORMYL-4-CHLORO-O-TOLUIDINE. ... IRRADIATION (@ LAMBDA GREATER THAN 286) OF AQ SOLN /CHLORDIMEFORM/ ... YIELDED N-(4-CHLORO-O-TOLYL) FORMAMIDINE & BIS-4-(N,N-DIMETHYL-N'-O-TOLYLFORMAMIDINE) ETHER. THE HYDROCHLORIDE ... SHOWED NO REACTION EVEN AFTER 12 DAYS ... .|The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of chlordimeform with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 91X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 0.2 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). UV irradiation of chlordimeform on silica gel plates produced radioactivity. Percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after irradiation by UV-254 mu = 52.4; percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after irradiation by UV-364 mu = 54.7; percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after irradiation by fluorescent light = 79.3; percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after irradiation by sunlight = 67.8; percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after darkness = 79.3; percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after being in a dark vacuum = 80.0(2).|The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of chlordimeform with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 91X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 0.177 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Radioactive decomposition products formed during irradiation of chlordimeform on silica gel plates was determined. Percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after irradiation by UV-254 mu = 52.4; percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after irradiation by UV-364 mu = 54.7; percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after irradiation by fluorescent light = 79.3; percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after irradiation by sunlight = 67.8; percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after darkness = 79.3; percent chlordimeform radioactivity recovered after being in a dark vacuum = 80.0(2).

An estimated BCF value of 93 was calculated for chlordimeform(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 2.89(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

812.83 L/kg|The Koc of chlordimeform is estimated as approximately 890(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.89(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that chlordimeform is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Soil thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the mobility of pesticides in soil. Chlordimeform was found to have an Rf value of 0.04, which places it in mobility class 1: immobile(4).

The Henry's Law constant for chlordimeform is estimated as 3.45X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 3.6X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 270 mg/l(2). This value indicates that chlordimeform will not volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC). Chlordimeform's Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Chlordimeform is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on a measured vapor pressure of 3.6X10-4 mm Hg(1).

In 1994, 11,348 samples were analyzed under regulatory monitoring according to commodity group. Chlordimeform was detected, levels unknown, in the study(1).

Its prodn, formulation and /SRP: former use/ as an insecticide on cotton are potential sources of occupational exposure.|Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where chlordimeform is produced or used(SRC). Studies in California show that chlordimeform can be found in the urine of workers who handle or are involved in applying pesticide products which contain chlordimeform, even when they are wearing special protective clothing and respirators(1). The general population will be exposed to chlordimeform via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with vapors, food and other products containing chlordimeform(SRC).

Long-term monitoring of employees in a chlordimeform packaging plant was conducted after employees developed symptoms of urinary tract irritation, including blood in the urine. Levels of chlordimeform in over 200 workers averaged about 90 ug/l over a four year period between 1982 to 1985(1). Analysis of 4-chloro-o-toluidine, a metabolite of chlordimeform, in the urine of workers occupationally exposed to chlordimeform in cotton growing areas of New South Wales and Queensland, Australia was conducted. Levels of chlordimeform in the urine, sample number unknown, ranged between 0.22 and 2.8 mg/l(2). Over 38,000 urine samples were analyzed for chlordimeform during 1978-1984 for approximately 4,600 cotton field workers. Data showed that 61.25 to 73 percent of the monitored workers had a cumulative seasonal value of less than 5 ppm(3).

Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes. (See all compounds classified as Uncoupling Agents.)|Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. (See all compounds classified as Insecticides.)|A chemically heterogeneous group of drugs that have in common the ability to block oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. (From Gilman, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p414) (See all compounds classified as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.)

(14)C-N'-(4-CHLORO-O-TOLYL)-NN-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDINE WAS READILY ABSORBED.|AQ SOLN OF (14)C-CHLORDIMEFORM WERE ADMIN BY STOMACH TUBE TO SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. ... HALF OF DOSE WAS EXCRETED IN URINE IN 24 HR; 87.1 & 95.4% IN 96 HR BY MALES & FEMALES, RESPECTIVELY. ... ABSORPTION & METABOLISM OF CHLORDIMEFORM BY RICE STEM BORER WAS SLOW.|The base, but not the hydrochloride, is readily absorbed by the skin.|Chlordimeform is readily absorbed through the skin of pesticide applicators. It also enters the body whenbreathed into the lungs. Chlordimeform can be found in the urine of workers who handle or are involved in applying pesticide products which contain the chemical, even when they are wearing special protective clothing and respirators.Because of the adverse health effects seen in heavily exposed workers and the cancerous tumors seen in mice, special precautions are necessary when handling products containing chlordimeform to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Because chlordimeform is known to enter the body very easily, with serious injury potential, workers handling pesticide products containing chlordimeform in California are required to have medical supervision including a blood test at the beginning and end of each application season and monthly testing of urine for possible cellular change and pesticide residues during the time chlordimeform exposure takes place.

RATE OF BIOTRANSFORMATION ... WAS SPECIES DEPENDENT, BUT ESSENTIALLY SAME ARRAY OF URINARY METABOLITES WAS EXCRETED BY RATS, DOGS, & GOATS. UNCONJUGATED METABOLITES INCL N'-(4-CHLORO-O-TOLYL)-N-METHYLFORMAMIDINE, 4'-CHLORO-O-FORMOTOLUIDIDE, 4-CHLORO-O-TOLUIDINE, N-FORMYL-5-CHLOROANTHRANILIC ACID, & 5-CHLOROANTHRANILIC ACID.|/IN RATS, DOGS, & GOATS/ THE CONCN OF ... /METABOLITES N- FORMYL-5-CHLOROANTHRANILIC ACID & 5-CHLOROANTHRANILIC ACID/ IN URINE INCR WITH THE TIME AFTER DOSING, GOAT BEING MOST EFFICIENT PRODUCER ... .|ENZYME DECONJUGATION SHOWED THAT ALL OF THE FREE METABOLITES OF CHLORPHENAMIDINECORRESPONDED TO THE UNCONJUGATED GLYCONES OF THE WATER-SOL GLUCURONIDE &/OR ETHER SULFATE CONJUGATES. /THOSE/ ... WITH AMINO- OR CARBOXY-GROUPS...WERE CONJUGATED WITH GLUCURONIC ACID IN VIVO, & ... /SOME/ COULD ALSO FORM SULFAMATES. ALL 6 EXCRETORY PRODUCTS FOUND IN URINE WERE ALSO SECRETED IN CONJUGATED & UNCONJUGATED FORMS IN BILE OF TREATED DOGS, TOGETHER WITH SEVERAL UNIDENTIFIED COMPD, WHICH CO-CHROMATOGRAPHED WITH SOME UNIDENTIFIED URINARY METABOLITES.|RAT-LIVER FORMAMIDASE ... THE NATURAL SUBSTRATE OF WHICH IS N-FORMYLKYNURENINE, IS ACTIVE IN THE HYDROLYSIS OF METABOLIC INTERMEDIATES OF ... CHLOROPHENAMIDINE ... .|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for CHLORDIMEFORM (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Major impurities have been reported to be 2-methyl-4-chlorformamidine, para-chloro-ortho-toluidine hydrochloride and sodium chloride.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Oils should not be used as either cathartics or dermal cleansing agents, as they increase absorption. Gastric lavage and use of activated charcoal and sodium sulfate are indicated for ingestion. If dermal exposure occurred, contaminated clothes should be removed, and the skin should be thoroughly cleansed with soap and water. Management of seizures in both children and adults is with Valium or phenobarbital. Respiratory depression and even respiratory arrest, especially with concomitant use of Valium and phenobarbital in children, may occur. These drugs preferably should be used only in critical care areas where emergency endotracheal intubation can be performed. /It is recommended/ that epinephrine not be utilized in patients with organochlorine poisoning, as the organochlorines induce myocardial irritability and ventricular arrhythmias may occur. However, dopamine may be necessary in the event of hypotension unresponsive to fluid administration, and epinephrine may be necessary in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest. /Organochlorine insecticides/|Seizures, hypoxemia, and resultant acidosis are the immediate life-threatening emergencies. Moderately to severely poisoned patients should have intravenous lines and a cardiac monitor. The usual measures of gut decontamination (ipecac/lavage, charcoal, cathartics) are recommended within the first several hours after exposure. Experimental animal studies suggest that chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide absorption by charcoal is highly variable. Most organochlorine inseticides contain organic solvents, which are severe aspiration hazards. Skin decontamination (removal of contaminated clothes, washing of area with water and green or mild soap) is necessary to prevent continued dermal absorption. Be careful not to cross-contaminate health personnel. Dialysis, diuresis, and hemoperfusion are ineffective because of extensive tissue binding and large volumes of distribution. /Organochlorines/|Persons exceptionally exposed to organochlorine pesticides by any route should be observed for sensory disturbances, incoordination, speech slurring, mental aberrations, and involuntary motor activity that would warn of imminent convulsions. If convulsions occur, place the victim in the left lateral decubitus position with the head down. Move away furniture or other solid objects that may be a source of injury. If jaw movements are violent, place padded tongue blades between the teeth to protect the tongue. Whenever possible, remove dentures and other removable dental work. Aspirate oral and pharyngeal secretions, and, when possible, insert an oropharyngeal airway to maintain an open passage unobstructed by the tongue. Minimize noise and any manipulation of the patient that may trigger seizure activity. Administer oxygen by mask. Maintain pulmonary gas exchange by mechanically assisted ventilation whenever respiration is depressed. Control convulsions. Drugs that are useful for this purpose are diazepam, lorazepam, barbiturates, and muscle-paralyzing agents such as succinylcholine. Benzodiazepine drugs are currently the preferred anticonvulsants. ... Succinycholine (or similar muscle-paralyzing drug) may be used if seizures prove intractable. Gain full control of pulmonary ventilation (endotracheal tube or tracheostomy connected to a mechanical ventilator), prepare to monitor blood gases, and secure the services of an anesthesiologist or emergency care physician to induce general anesthesia and administer the neuromuscular depolarizing agent. This procedure predictably controls seizures, but imposes heavy responsibilities for continous monitoring of gas exchange and blood pH over several hours. /Solid organochlorine insecticides/|In patients who have been poisoned by organochlorine contamination of skin, clothing, hair and/or eyes, decontamination must proceed concurrently with whatever resuscitative and anticonvulsive measures are necessary to preserve life. Contamination of the eyes should be removed by flushng with copious amounts of clean water. If the pesticide-exposed person remains alert and physically able, a prompt shower and shampoo may be appropriate, provided the patient is carefully observed to insure against sudden appearance of poisoning. If there are any indications of weakness, ataxia, or other neurologic impairment, clothing should be removed and a complete bath and shampoo given while the victim is recumbent, using copious amounts of soap and water. Attendants should wear rubber gloves. Surgical green soap is excellent for this purpose, but ordinary soap is about as good. The possibility of pesticide sequestered under fingernails or in skin folds should be overlooked. Contaminated clothing should be promptly bagged and not returned until it has been thoroughly laundered. Contaminated leather shoes should be discarded. The possibility that pesticide has contaminated the inside surfaces of gloves, boots, and headgear should be considered. /Solid organochlorine insecticides/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for CHLORDIMEFORM (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis was found in WI38 human lung fibroblasts, with or without an uninduced mouse liver microsomal prepn.|An episode of acute poisoning following intensive occupational exposure specifically to chlordimeform occurred in TN, USA in 1975. Nine of 22 /male/ workers packaging the chem in powdered form complained of dysuria, nocturia, gross hematuria, penile discharge, abdominal pain, back pain and feeling hot. Other common symptoms were drowsiness, skin rash, anorexia and a sweet taste in the mouth. All of the manifestations of illness, incl cystitis, resolved slowly over about 3 to 8 wk. Studies of 3 hospitalized workers revealed hematuria and pyuria, proteinuria, low creatinine clearance, decr serum complement level, elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, small urinary bladder capacity and ureteral reflux. Bladder biopsy specimens from these pt showed severe hemorrhagic cystitis. Microscopic hematuria was also found in one of six farmers who had used chlordimeform; it resolved 3 wk after he stopped spraying with this cmpd.|It is not known whether chlordimeform itself is a bladder irritant. The capacity of /its metabolite/ para-chloro-ortho-toluidine to cause urinary tract injury in man is, however, well established ... .|Workers packaging chlordimeform powder developed severe hemorrhagic cystitis. The causative agent was believed to be 2-methyl-4-chloroaniline, the major metabolite of chlordimeform.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHLORDIMEFORM (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chlordimeform

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Sweet taste in the mouth. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache.

MAY BE ABSORBED!

`Galecron 80 SP', water-sol powder, (800 g ai/kg) as hydrochloride, `Fundal 300'(300 g ai/kg) as hydrochloride, `Galecron 50 SP'; water-sol concn, `Galecron' (500 g ai/l); emulsifiable concentrate; dust (20 g ai/kg); granules (50 g ai/kg); `Ulvair 250'.|The tech grade has been reported to be more than 96% pure. ... Chlordimeform hasbeen avail as a water-sol powder (as its hydrochloride) and as an EC; the powder contained 95% of the hydrochloride and 5% inert ingredients, and the EC contained 48.5% chlordimeform, 43.4% aromatic petroleum distillates and 8.1% inert ingredients.|Mixed formulations: (chlordimeform +) formetanate hydrochloride|'Fundal 800', 'Fundal SP', water soluble powder (800 g ai/kg) as hydrochloride; 'Fundal 500 EC', 'Fundal 4 EC', 'Galecron 50 EC' (500 g ai/l) as base.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Chlordimeform (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide. The international trade of ... Chlordimeform ... is regulated by the Rotterdam convention on Prior Informed Consent (see http://www.pic.int/), which entered force on 24 February 2004. According to the PIC Convention, export of /Chlordimeform/ can only take place with the prior informed consent of the importing Party. ...(further information can be found at: http://www.pic.int/).|ON FRUIT PERSISTENCE OF CHLORDIMEFORM WAS RELATED DIRECTLY TO RATE OF APPLICATION & INVERSELY TO THE NUMBER OF DAYS AFTER APPLICATION. THE NATURE OF THE FRUIT SURFACE ALSO EXERTED AN INFLUENCE ... .|NEG CORRELATION WITH ORGANOPHOSPHATE RESISTANCE IN TETRANYCHUS URTICAE HAS RECENTLY BEEN FOUND IN ... CHLOROPHENAMIDINE ... .|/CHLORDIMEFORM IS A/ MEMBER OF A CLASS OF INSECTICIDES POSSESSING THE FORMAMIDINE MOIETY, EFFECTIVE VERSUS MANY ORGANOPHOSPHATE & CARBAMATE RESISTANT PESTS.|Incompatible with alkaline materials.

In formulations as free base: potentiometric titration and GC /thermal conductivity detection; as hydrochloride salt: potentiometric titration. In fruits, crops, animal products and soils: GC/ECD with detection limit of 0.05 mg/kg. In fruits, vegetables and soils by colorimetry with detection limit of 0.05 mg/kg.

Pharmaceuticals|INSECTICIDES