Dequaliniumchloride

456.68

456.32529729

E7QC7V26B8

DTXSID4046941

G01AC05|D - Dermatologicals|G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones|R - Respiratory system

Decomposes at 326ºC

The oral LD50 value of dequalinium chloride for mouse is 300mg/kg. Lethal dose (LD50) of a single intraperitoneal administration in a murine model system is 18.3 mg/kg. The majority of the adverse reactions of vaginal dequalinium tablets in clinical studies (about 90 %) were local reactions, particularly vaginal discharge, vulvovaginal pruritus, and a vaginal burning sensation. Dequalinuim is not reported to possess embryo-foetal toxicity at clinically relevant doses.

Effective local treatment as vaginal tablets for infections such as fluor vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, vulvo-vaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Used as a topical antimicrobial agent.

Dequalinium is an antimicrobial against Gram negative and positive bacteria, yeast and protozoa. It primarily mediates this action by increasing the cell permeability with subsequent loss of enzyme activity under a rapid bactericidal and fungicidal action. The enzymatic inactivation initially might be reversible but becomes irreversible after a longer contact time between the drug and bacteria. The bactericidal and fungicidal effect of dequalinium chloride has been demonstrated to occur within 30–60 min. Dequalinium targets a broad spectrum of microorganisms including aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as well as Candida species.

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)

The degree of absorption is minimal in case of topical or vaginal administration thus systemic exposure is negligible. <0.1 % is absorbed systemically after oral administration.

Dequalinium has a multiple mode of action. It disrupts the cell permeability of the bacteria by absorbing onto the bacterial cell surface and diffusing across the membrane. It also binds to the cytoplasmic membrane with subsequent formation of complexes and protein precipitation and lyses the membrane in adequate concentrations, perturbing osmotic exchange. Loss of normal enzymatic activity is achieved through several different processes. Denaturation of proteins results in inhibition of bacterial cell metabolism. Disruption of bacterial energy production is mediated through inhibition of glucose metabolism and inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis via inhibition of bacterial F1-ATPase. Protein synthesis is also terminated at the level of ribosomes. Bacterial nucleic acids are also affected through direct binding of the drug to DNA in vitro, and precipitation of cytoplasmic material with nucleic acids being the most sensitive. The cationic form of dequalinium accumulates in the mitochondria and promotes anticancer activity in human leukemia cells. It mediates a cytotoxic effect by altering redox balance in cells and downregulating Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in these cells which leads to cell death by apoptosis and/or necrosis. Dequalinium inhibits mycothiol ligase activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.

Acetate, Dequalinium