Sodium periodate

213.89200

213.87400

232-197-6

98W4A29X43

White, tetragonal crystals

2829900090

74.27000

0.41050

DryPowder

3.865

300ºC (dec.)

300ºC

H2O: 80 g/L (20 ºC);soluble in cold water, sulfuric, nitric, acetic acids

Do not store near combustible materials. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away fr

II

5.1

UN 1479

3

R20/21/22; R36/37/38; R8

S17-S26-S36/37/39

SD4550000

Xn

Stable. Incompatible with organic materials, combustible materials. Forms explosive mixtures with reducing agents, finely powdered metals, magnesium.

P220-P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H271-H314-H372-H400

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

|Danger|H271 (58.52%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P210, P220, P221, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P283, P301+P310, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P310, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 352 companies from 23 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Warning|H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P210, P220, P221, P280, P370+P378, and P501

Eye Contact: May cause irritation, redness and pain.|Inhalation: May irritate the respiratory tract, with symptoms of coughing and possible shortness of breath.

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells when activated with the oxidizing mitogens, neuraminidase/galactose oxidase or sodium periodate, express cytolytic activity for freshly isolated tumor cells and for a variety of cell lines, including NK-resistant solid tumor lines. Normal lymphoid cells are not targets for cytotoxicity and do not inhibit lysis of susceptible targets mediated by the oxidizing mitogen-activated mononuclear cells. The cytotoxic response is rapidly generated and reaches peak levels at 48 hr. The oxidizing mitogens induce expression of IL 2 receptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Combined treatment of cells with IL 2 and the oxidizing mitogens results in a marked enhancement of cytotoxicity. Enhancement is achieved at levels of IL 2 that alone result in minimal generation of cytotoxic cells.

LD50 Mouse intraperitoneal 58 mg/kg

Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: Persons with impaired liver or kidney function may be more susceptible to the effects of this substance.

In a pilot study involving 13 patients with advanced stage IV renal cell carcinoma, anti-tumor effects and toxicity of a novel form of adoptive immunotherapy were determined. The protocol utilizes infusions of autologous mononuclear leukocytes treated with the oxidizing mitogen sodium periodate (IO4-) and cultured in medium containing human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2), and continuous infusions of low-dose IL-2 (mean +/- SD dose = 39.5 +/- 8.6 X 10(3) U/kg/24 hours). Leukocytes (5 to 10 X 10(9)) were removed by leukapheresis three times per week, mononuclear cells were separated, activated with IO4- and cultured in medium containing IL-2 (500 U/ml) for 48 to 72 hours. The cells were re-infused following the next leukapheresis procedure. IL-2 was administered five days per week. Treatment was continued for two three-week cycles. An increase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells bearing the natural killer cell (NK) surface marker, Leu 11, an increase in NK- and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and a slight increase in spontaneous cytotoxicity for non-NK targets were noted. Regressions (more than 50 percent decrease in tumor mass) of pulmonary, liver, bone, or soft tissue metastases were induced in six patients. Severe fluid retention did not develop in any patient and no patient required treatment in the intensive care unit. Five of the patients who showed a response have experienced a relapse at 5.2 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SD) months. These observations indicate that IO4-/IL-2-activated killer cells plus continuous infusions of low-dose IL-2 can result in regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. /Exptl Ther/|... the results of a pilot study that determined the effects of both intermittent injections of periodate and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2)-activated leukocytes and continuous infusions of low doses of rIL-2 on metastases of nine patients with stage IV renal cancer /are reported/. Four patients experienced regressions, two patients stabilized, and only three patients did not respond. The responses of individual lesions in six patients were heterogeneous with regard to both the degree (ranging from cessation of growth to regression to undetectability) and the duration (ranging from less than 3 to up to 8 months). Survival times from the time of diagnosis and from the time of start of the protocol treatment ranged from 12 to 20 months and 6 to 12 months, respectively, for three patients who expired and from 10+ to 28+ months and 6+ to 12+ months, respectively, for six patients who are alive. Only one patient experienced a grade 4 toxicity (transient renal failure requiring hemodialysis). All other toxicities (grades 1-3) were easily controlled and resolved completely after 7 days. /Exptl Ther/|Growth of a human renal cancer cell line in nude mice was inhibited when the renal cancer cells were injected together with oxidizing mitogen-activated human mononuclear cells. /Exptl Ther/

Substances that stimulate mitosis and lymphocyte transformation. They include not only substances associated with LECTINS, but also substances from streptococci (associated with streptolysin S) and from strains of alpha-toxin-producing staphylococci. (Stedman, 25th ed) (See all compounds classified as Mitogens.)

Sodium periodate (IO4) exerts a number of biological effects including the enhancement of lymphocyte activation. In this study, /the authors/ investigated its effects on cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and explored the mechanism whereby it exerted these effects. In vitro treatment of human PBL with IO4 augmented their cytotoxicity against K562 myelogenous leukemia cells. IO4 oxidative treatment increased the frequency of effector-to-target cell binding. It also increased cellular ATP levels in effector cells, suggesting that the post-binding cytolytic functions of these cells were also enhanced after treatment with IO4. Moreover, IO4 treatment significantly increased the protein kinase C (PKC) activity of effector cells and induced the translocation of activity in the membrane fraction from the cytosol. H-7, a potent PKC inhibitor, significantly reduced this enhancement of membrane-associated PKC activity at 10 microM and significantly reduced the enhanced cytotoxicity of PBL at the same concentration. These results indicated that IO4 enhanced the binding capacity and post-binding cytolytic functions of PBL and that PKC activation was one mechanism to explain the IO4-induced cellular activation.|Periodate-oxidized ADP and periodate-oxidized ATP stimulate the permeability transition in energized rat liver mitochondria measured as the Ca2+-efflux induced by Ca2+ and Pi. In the presence of Mg2+ and Pi, mitochondria lose intramitochondrial adenine nucleotides at a slow rate. Periodate-oxidized ATP induces a strong decrease of the matrix adenine nucleotides which is inhibited by carboxyatractyloside. Under these conditions, Mg2+ prevents the opening of the permeability transition pore. EGTA prevents the Pi-induced slow efflux of adenine nucleotides, but is without effect on the periodate-oxidized ATP-induced strong decrease of adenine nucleotides. This periodate oxidized ATP-induced strong adenine nucleotide efflux is inhibited by ADP. Periodate-oxidized ATP reduces the increase of matrix adenine nucleotides occurring when the mitochondria are incubated with Mg2+ and ATP. This effect of periodate-oxidized ATP is also prevented by carboxyatractyloside. Periodate-oxidized ATP is not taken up by the mitochondria. It is suggested that periodate-oxidized ATP induces a strong efflux of matrix adenine nucleotides by the interaction with the ADP/ATP carrier from the cytosolic side. The induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition by periodate-oxidized ADP and periodate-oxidized ATP is attributed to two mechanisms-a strong decrease in the intramitochondrial adenine nucleotide content, especially that of ADP, and a stabilization of the c-conformation of the ADP/ATP carrier.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

/SIGNS and SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: May irritate the respiratory tract, with symptoms of coughing and possible shortness of breath.|/SIGNS and SYMPTOMS/ Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal upset with symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.|/SIGNS and SYMPTOMS/ Skin Contact: Possible irritation or reddening of moist skin on prolonged contact. Eye Contact: May cause irritation, redness and pain.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Chronic Exposure: Repeated ingestions may cause kidney dysfunction or failure and blood conditions such as hemolysis. Central nervous system may be affected.

metaperiodate

Periodic acid (HIO4), sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE