2,3-Dimethylaniline

121.18

121.18

742174

201-755-0

ZD450ABI9X

0451

1711

DTXSID3026304

Liquid

29214910

26

2.17

Clear yellow to red-brown Liquid

0.9931 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

<-15 °C

221.5 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

205 °F

1.559

H2O: 30 g/L (20 ºC)

Refrigerator

Vapour pressure, Pa at 25°C: 13

4.2 (vs air)

Oral-Rat  LD50: 933 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 836 mg/kg

Open flames are flammable; work with oxidants; heated to decompose toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

1-2.7%(V)

pKa= 4.70 at 25 °C (conjugate acid)

Forms more or less sol salts with the strong mineral acids /Xylidine/|All /isomers/ except ortho-4-xylidine are liquids above 27 °C

Slightly soluble in water.

Amines, Aromatic

2,3-XYLIDINE reacts with strong oxidizing agents and hypochlorite bleaches (NTP, 1992). Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

545 °C

Lower limit 1.0 % by volume

II

6.1

UN 1711 6.1/PG 2

2

23/24/25-33-51/53

28-36/37-45-61-28A

ZE8750000

T,N

Storehouse ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from acids, oxidants, food additives

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Reacts with hypochlorite bleaches. May be light sensitive.

Missing Phrase - N15.00950417-P260-P280-P302 + P352 + P312-P304 + P340 + P312-P403 + P233

H301 + H311 + H331-H373-H411

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Disposal methods: incineration. A). Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, benzene, etc. Spray solvent into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. B). Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in the furnace. /Xylidines/

Strong oxidizers, hypochlorite bleaches /Xylidines/

Health and Environmental Profile for Xylidines, March 1983, p. D-183-91.

This compound is combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 96 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

|Danger|H301 (99.05%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 105 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P361, P362, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this material from exposure to light, and store it in a refrigerator. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|The following types of respirators should be selected under the prescribed concentrations: 20 ppm: Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s); any supplied air respirator; any self contained breathing apparatus. 50 ppm: Any supplied air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode; any powdered air purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). 100 ppm: Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s); any powered air purifying respirator with a tight fitting facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s); any air purifying full facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin style or front or back mounted organic vapor canister; any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece; any self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. 150 ppm: Any supplied air respirator with a half mask and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Emergency or planned entry in unknown concentration or IDLH condition: Any self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode; Any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: Any air purifying full facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin style or front or back mounted organic vapor canister; any appropriate escape type self contained breathing apparatus. /Xylidines/|Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with liquid xylidine. /Xylidines/|Employees should be provided with and required to use splash proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of liquid xylidine contacting the eyes. /Xylidines/

Forms chloroamines on contact with hypochlorite salts or solutions.|Lower explosive limit in air: 1.5% by vol /Xylidines/|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1-2.7

Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Water may be ineffective. Water or foam may cause frothing. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Xylidines/

Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Xylidines/|Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Xylidines/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with xylidine should be removed immediately and not reworn until the xylidine is removed from the clothing. /Xylidines/|Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where liquid xylidine is handled, processed, or stored. /Xylidines/|Employees who handle liquid xylidine should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Xylidines/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2,3-XYLIDINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Xylidines; Xylidines, liquid; Xylidines, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Xylidines; Xylidines, liquid; Xylidines, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Xylidines; Xylidines, liquid; Xylidines, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Xylidines; Xylidines, liquid; Xylidines, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,3-XYLIDINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 ppm (25 mg/cu m). Skin Designation. /Xylidine/|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 2 ppm (10 mg/cu m), skin designation, is still enforced in some states. /Xylidine/

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants, acids, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, hypochlorites, halogens and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

Exposure at high levels could cause lowering of consciousness and formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in anaemia.

NO open flames. Above 96 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Xylidine is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Xylidine/

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 2,3-xylidine stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption), exposure to this liquid may occur from its use as a chemical intermediate for dyes. Contact with 2,3-xylidine may cause burns to the skin and eyes. Death is also a possible outcome from exposure. While the OSHA PEL is set at a TWA of 5 ppm, the ACGIH lists xylidine (mixed isomers) on its 1988-1989 Notice of Intended Changes with a proposed TLV of 0.5 ppm, and a designation of "suspected human carcinogen". In activities or situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus, and full chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended by the shipper or manufacturer to prevent skin contact with xylidine. If contact should occur, immediatly flush the affected skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. Do not eat or smoke in xylidine work areas. While xylidine does not ignite easily, it can burn with the production of irritating or poisonous gases. Also, containers may explode violently in the heat of a fire. Fires involving xylidine may be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, or standard foam. Water spray if used, should be applied with caution because it may cause frothing. Fight the fire from a maximum distance and dike runoff from fire control water. Xylidine should be stored away from heat, strong oxidizers, and hypochlorite bleaches. Shipping regulations and other DOT regulatory requirements should be consulted before transport. If xylidine should spill, dike far ahead, then take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and place into containers for later disposal. Incineration is a possible form of disposal for xylidine. Before implementing land disposal of waste 2,3-xylidine, consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

Dimethylanilines, unspecified isomers, were detected in coal-derived liquids, mainly from liquification and hydrocarbonization processes(1). 2,3-Xylidine was identified at unreported concentrations in Latakia tobacco smoke and a steam distillate of Latakia tobacco(2).

moderately toxic

LD50 Mouse oral 1070 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 930 mg/kg.

2,3-Xylidine's production and use as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of mefenamic acid(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3-xylidine will have high mobility in soil(SRC). However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or soil organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(3,4), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3-xylidine may occur from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Based on limited screening study data, 2,3-xylidine may be readily biodegraded in soil(SRC); 2,3-Xylidine, reached 96.5% degradation (measured as removal of COD) with a rate of biodegradation of 12.7 mg COD/g-hr using an activated sludge inoculum(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme for soil(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3-xylidine should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). However, aromatic amine groups are recognized as having a strong affinity to organic carbon, suggesting that this compound may bind strongly to suspended organic material in water(3,4). 2,3-Xylidine may volatilize from water surfaces(5,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(6). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 16 and 120 days, respectively(5,SRC), although adsorption to organic material may attenuate this process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF value of 26(5,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(8,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited aqueous screening study data, 2,3-xylidine may be readily biodegraded in water(SRC); 2,3-Xylidine, reached 96.5% degradation (measured as removal of COD) with a rate of biodegradation of 12.7 mg COD/g-hr using an activated sludge inoculum(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3-xylidine, which has a measured vapor pressure of 0.0.075 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), should exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-xylidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 2 hours(3,SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-xylidine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). 2,3-Xylidine, exposed to light generated by a fluorochemical lamp, had a half-life of about 50 hours(2).

An estimated BCF value of 26 was calculated for 2,3-xylidine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.2(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2,3-xylidine can be estimated to be about 120(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3-xylidine has high mobility in soil(SRC). However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or soil organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(3,4). Low adsorption is observed at a neutral pH with pure clay minerals or soils for substituted anilines(4).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,3-xylidine is estimated as 2.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that 2,3-xylidine will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 16 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 120 days(2,SRC), although adsorption to organic material in water may attenuate this process(SRC). 2,3-Xylidine's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

DRINKING WATER: Dimethylaniline, unspecified isomer, was detected in drinking water at an unreported location and concentration(1).

Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,3-xylidine is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 2,3-xylidine via inhalation and dermal contact with vapors, tobacco smoke, and other products containing 2,3-xylidine. (SRC)

2,3-dimethylaniline has known human metabolites that include N-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)acetamide.

SYMPTOMS: Exposure to this compound can cause local irritation of skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Other symptoms include anoxia and cyanosis; lung, liver and kidney damage. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may cause irritation of skin, eyes and mucous membranes upon contact. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

2,3-dimethylaniline

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Ingestion.

Benzenamine, 2,3-dimethyl-: ACTIVE

ANALYTE: AROMATIC AMINES; MATRIX: AIR; RANGE: 0.01-14 MG/SAMPLE; PROCEDURE: ADSORPTION ON SILICA GEL; ELUTION BY ETHANOL; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS. /AROMATIC AMINES/|ANALYTE: XYLIDINE; MATRIX: AIR; RANGE: 12.5-50.0 MG/CU M; PROCEDURE: ADSORPTION ON SILICA GEL, DESORPTION WITH 95% ETHANOL, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. /XYLIDINE/|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS & SEPARATION OF ISOMERS OF XYLIDINE. /XYLIDINE/