1-Propene, 1,3-dichloro-, mixt. with 1,2-dichloropropane

223.95600

221.95400

DTXSID0058481

Clear amber liquid

0

3.83020

1.4 g/cm³ (approx) @ Temp: 4 °C

17.5 °C

About 2 g/kg water at room temp; fully miscible with esters, halogenated solvents, hydrocarbons, ketones

Store in cool place, away from dwellings. ... Do not store in or use containers or equipment made of aluminum, magnesium, or their alloys.|The mixture ... may remove lacquer from lacquer-lined containers.

4.6 kPa at 20 °C

Pungent odor

It flash distills over range of 59-115 °C

Corrosive to iron, aluminum, magnesium & other metals and alloys.

Stable in neutral & dilute acidic media; decomp by alkalis, concn acids, halogens & some metal salts.|The mixture is stable up to 500 °C ... but reacts with dilute organic bases, concentrated acids, halogens, & some metal salts.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The mixture ... reacts with dilute organic bases, concentrated acids, halogens, & some metal salts. It is corrosive to some metals (e.g. aluminum, magnesium) & their alloys, & may remove lacquer from lacquer-lined containers.

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Dichloropropanes/Dichloropropenes (Draft) (1980)|Yang RS; Residue Rev 97: 19-35 (1986)|Dangerous Prop Ind Mater Rep 6 (4): 63-70 (1986). Reviews dichloropropene safety, toxicology and health hazards.

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Dichloropropene and propylene dichloride mixture/|Breakthrough times for dichloropropane on chlorinated polyethylene are less (usually significantly) than one hour as reported by two or more testers.|Rubber gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus, coveralls or laboratory coat.

The material is flammable.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Dichloropropene and propylene dichloride mixture/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, sawdust, or commercial sorbents. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard. /Dichloropropene and propylene dichloride mixture/|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Dichloropropene and propylene dichloride mixture/|Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors. /Dichloropropene and propylene dichloride mixture/

Do not cut or weld container.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Dichloropropene and propylene dichloride mixture/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Dichloropropene and propylene dichloride mixture/|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Strong irritant action on skin & mucous membranes of eyes & respiratory tract.|IRRITATION OF EYES & UPPER RESP MUCOSA APPEARS PROMPTLY AFTER EXPOSURE TO CONCN VAPORS. LACRIMATION IS PROMINENT. ... SEVERE SKIN IRRITATION WITH MARKED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF EPIDERMIS & UNDERLYING TISSUES /FROM DERMAL EXPOSURES/. /DICHLOROPROPENES/|Dichloropropene and dichloropropene are strongly irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

IDENTIFICATION: The technical mixture of dichloropropenes and dichloropropane is a clear amber liquid with a pungent odor. It is soluble in halogenated solvents, esters, and ketones. It was widely used as a soil nematocide before planting. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Dichloropropane-Dichloropropene mixture is no longer widely used and, thus, exposure of the general population via air, water, and food is unlikely. One case of acute fatal poisoning has been reported following accidental ingestion. Several cases of contact dermatitis and skin sensitization have been reported. ANIMAL STUDIES: The acute toxicity of dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture for laboratory animals is moderate to high. Acute exposure results in clinical signs associated with central nervous system depression. It is a severe eye and skin irritant and it is a moderate dermal sensitizer. In a long-term study on rats fed diets containing up to 120 mg of the mixture per kg for 2 years, no toxic or carcinogenic effects were seen. No metabolic studies have been carried out on dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture. The two major components, 1,2-dichloropropene and 1,2-dichloropropane, are rapidly eliminated, primarily in the urine and, to a lesser extent, via expired air. The components of the mixture are metabolized by oxidative and conjunction pathways. The major urinary metabolites are mercapturic acids.

LD50 Rat percutaneous 779 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 314 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit skin 2100 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 140 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for DICHLOROPROPANE-DICHLOROPROPENE MIXTURE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dichloropropanes and dichloropropenes can enter the aquatic environment as discharges from industrial effluents, by runoff from agricultural land, and from municipal effluent.|Dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture's former(1) production and use as a pesticide(2) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 36 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation in soil is not expected to be an important fate process based on slow de-chlorination results in soil studies(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichloropropane- dichloropropene mixture is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hrs and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 11(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.2(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The 1,3-dichloropropene component is susceptible to hydrolysis(8). Biodegradation in aquatic systems is not expected to be an important fate process based on slow de-chlorination results in soil studies(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 36 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 36 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

Dichloropropenes have been shown to undergo photochemical formation of free radicals.|The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 36 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The 1,3-dichloropropene component is susceptible to hydrolysis(2). Dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

An estimated BCF of 11 was calculated for dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.25(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture can be estimated to be 68(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture is expected to have high mobility in soil.

In the nonaquatic environment, movement of dichloropropene and dichloropropane in the soil results from diffusion in the vapor phase, as these cmpd tend to establish an equilibrium between concn in vapor, water, and absorbing phases.|The Henry's Law constant for dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture is estimated as 1.6X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 36 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).|When applied as a fumigant, the dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture is generally applied by injection or with a chisel applicator to a depth of 15 to 20 cm at 150 to 400 kg/ha or more, depending on soil type and crop, after which the soil is immediately compacted to seal in the fumigant and left undisturbed for 7-14 day or longer if the soil becomes excessively wet and cold(2,3). At the end of the exposure period the soil must be allowed to aerate by plowing and waiting about 1 wk, under optimum weather conditions, for the soil to aerate(2,3). When used for deep-rooted tree and shrub planting sites, a 3 to 6 mo aeration period is recommended(1). Volatilization from soil is a function of temperature, soil type, and moisture. Lower temperature, heavy soils, and heavy rain will lengthen the volatilization period(1,2). These factors plus the depth of application, will affect the extent of leaching into the ground as well as the rate at which the fumigant is vented to the atmosphere. Eight months after D-D fumigant was applied to muck and sandy loam soils in August in field studies, residues of 1.8 and 4.8 ppm of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene, respectively was found in the muck soil and 0.03 and 0.39 ppm were found in the sandy loam(1).

DRINKING WATER: Both 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,3-dichloropropene have been identified in New Orleans drinking water(1). Municipal wells in areas of CA where Telone or D-D has been applied for over 15 yr (54 wells in 5 counties, 65-1200 ft deep): 1,3-dichloropropene not detected at a quantitation limit of 0.1 ppb(7). New Jersey - 1.3 ppb of 1,2-dichloropropane in 4 samples(2). Old Love Canal: 1.2 ug/l of 1,2-dichloropropane in 1 household, not detected in 7 other households(3). US Groundwater Supply Survey (945 supplies derived from groundwater chosen both randomly and on the basis that they may contain VOCs) - 13 samples positive for 1,2-dichloropropane, median of pos samples, 0.9 ppb, max 21 ppb(4). 11 Water utilities along the Ohio River, 0.1 ppb mean, 0.1 ppb max, 1.6% pos for 1,2-dichloropropane(5). Max concn of 1,2-dichloropropane in tap water derived from bank-filtered Rhine Water in The Netherlands - 300 parts per trillion(6).|GROUNDWATER: 1,2-Dichloropropane has been found in several wells in the extreme northern part of California and in the area between Fresno and Bakersfield, areas where the water table is shallow(1). Usual concns are around 0.1 to 5 ppb, but levels as high as 30 ppb have been encountered(1). It is the second most frequent pesticidal groundwater contaminant in California, being found in 75 wells in 9 counties in concn ranging up to 1200 ppb(6). The State Water Resources Control Board in California investigating contamination with D-D (1,2-dichloropropane/1,3-dichloropropene) found 60 wells contaminated with 1,2-dichloropropane, 25% of those tested, but none of these had detectable levels of 1,3-dichloropropene(4). 1,3-Dichloropropene was detected in groundwater 68 day after application with 92% 1,3-dichloropropene at 140 l/ha but not at 94 l/ha(2). 1,2-Dichloropropane, which must have been an impurity in the fumigant, was detected after 83 days(2). In Minnesota, cis-1,3-dichloropropene was found in groundwater under one of 13 municipal landfills with suspected groundwater contamination but not under 7 other municipal landfills(3). On the other hand, 1,2-dichloropropane was found in 8 of 13 groundwaters with suspected contamination, 0.5-43 ppb, and one of the other landfills, 1.1 ppb(3). 1,2-Dichloropropane was found in 3 MD wells, 30 Long Island, NY wells, and over 60 CA wells at levels ranging from 1-50 ppb(5). 1,2-Dichloropropane was detected in groundwater under a leaky storage tank of a paint factory(7).|SURFACE WATER: Ambient water concns reported in the USEPA's STORET data base 1980-1982: 7.0% of 8636 samples pos for dichloropropanes and 6.0% of 634 samples pos for 1,3-dichloropropene(1). In another report, based on 1675 observations, the mean and max levels of dichloropropenes were 6.1 and 320 ppb, respectively(4). trans-1,3-Dichloropropene was detected in the Lake Ontario Basin (Genesee River and Wine Creek) and 1,2-dichloropropane was detected in the Niagara and Genesee Rivers but not in the open waters of Lake Ontario(2). Lake Ontario (95 stations) 4 stations had concns of 1,2-dichloropropane ranging from 210-440 parts per trillion and 15 others had trace quantities(5). Lower Niagara River (16 stations) 4 stations had concn of 1,2-dichloropropane ranging from 7-55 parts per trillion and 5 other stations had trace quantities(5). Ohio River 1977-78 (141 samples) 19 pos for 1,2-dichloropropane, 0.1 ppb max; Ohio River tributaries (95 samples) 5 pos, 0.8 ppb max(6). Ohio River System (1978-1979), 6 stations, 991 samples on the Ohio River and 2 stations, 359 samples on tributaries: 3.9% of samples from the Ohio River had detectable levels of trans-1,3-dichloropropene <1 ppb and 0.6% between 1 and 10 ppb, whereas it was not detected in the tributaries(3). Ohio River 1980-81 (11 stations 4972 samples) 8.8% pos for 1,2-dichloropropane, 28 samples between 1 and 10 ppb and 1 sample >10 ppb(7). 14 Heavily industrialized river basins in the US: 5 of 204 sites pos for 1,2-dichloropropane including those in the Illinois River Basin, Delaware River Basin and Hudson River Basin, 1-2 ppb(8).

Exposure occurs primarily during manufacturing or during bulk handling activities. Since it is generally injected into soil at depths of 15 to 30 cm airborne concn are generally well below 0.5 ppm, even when measured in middle of a fumigated field.|According to the 1985 National Occupational Exposure Survey, 70 workers were exposed to 1,3-dichloropropene(1). Since this survey excludes exposure to trade name chemicals containing dichloropropenes such as soil fumigants, the level of exposure should be considerably more(SRC). Occupational exposure may have occurred via inhalation and dermally during its production, during the application of the soil fumigants, and by being near fields within several days after treatment(SRC). Hand planters entering pineapple fields 6 to 8 wk after fumigation: 8 of 15 workers had exposures to 1,3-dichloropropene ranging from 2.4-18.5 ppb during their 8 hr shift indicating that dichloropropenes can be mobilized by environmental conditions after airborne levels have initially declined to zero(2). The general public was exposed to 1,2-dichloropropane from ambient air via inhalation and from contaminated drinking water, whereas they were exposed to 1,3-dichloropropene primarily from ambient air near source areas(SRC).

Absorption through the skin occurred particularly when the liquid was confined or when in a propylene glycol solution which retarded evaporation.|... With all cmpd 80 to 90% of radioactivity was eliminated in first 24 hr. Major route of excretion of radioactivity was in urine, where 50.2, 80.7 & 56.5% of 1,2-dichloropropane, cis-1,3-dichloropropene, & trans-1,3-dichloropropene activity were found, respectively. The amount of (14)C-carbon dioxide exhaled was quite different for the two isomers. The cis-isomer yielded only 3.9% of dose & trans-isomer 23.6%, with correspondingly less in the radioactivity in the urine.

... /Rats/ fed (14)C-labeled 1,2-dichloropropane & both isomers of 1,3-dichloropropene ... /showed/ differences in their metabolism. With all cmpd 80 to 90% of radioactivity was eliminated in first 24 hr. Major route of excretion of radioactivity was in urine, where 50.2, 80.7 & 56.5% of 1,2-dichloropropane, cis-1,3-dichloropropene, & trans-1,3-dichloropropene activity were found, respectively. The amount of (14)C-carbon dioxide exhaled was quite different for the two isomers. The cis-isomer yielded only 3.9% of dose & trans-isomer 23.6%, with correspondingly less in the radioactivity in the urine. As expected with volatile cmpd, residual unreacted cmpd were not present as significant residues, although metabolites entered the normal metabolic pool. Subsequently ... /it was shown/ that 82-84% of the radioactivity of (14)C labeled on the second carbon was recovered in the urine of rats as N-acetyl-S-((cis)-3-chloroprop-2-enyl) cysteine.

... 2,2-dichloropropane & 1,2,3-trichloropropane ...

1. FLUSH contaminating fumigants from the skin and eyse with copious amounts of water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Some fumigants are corrosive to the cornea and may cause BLINDNESS. Specialized medical treatment should be obtained promptly following removal of toxicant by copious flushing with clean water. Skin contamination may cause BLISTERING and deep chemical burns. Absorption of some fumigants across the skin may be sufficient to cause systemic poisoning in the absence of fumigant inhalation. For all these reasons, decontamination of eyes and skin must must be IMMEDIATE and THROUGH. 2. REMOVE victims of fumigant inhalation to FRESH AIR immediately. Even though initial symptoms and signs are mild, keep the victim quiet, in a semi-reclining position. Minimum pohysical activity limits the likehood ofpulmonary edema. 3. If victim is not breathing, clear the airway of secretions and RESUSCITATE with positive poressure oxygen apparatus. If this is not available, use chest compression to sustain respiration. If victim is pulseless, employ cardiac resuscitation. 4. If PULMONARY EDEMA is evident, there are several measures avilable to sustain life. Medical judgement must be relied upon, however, in the management of each case. The following procedures are generally recommended: A. Put the victim in a SITTING position with a backrest. B. Use intermittent and/or continuous positive pressure OXYGEN to relieve hypoxemia. ... C. Slowly administer FUROSEMIDE, 40 mg, or SODIUM ETHACRYNATE, 50 mg, to reduce venous load by inducing diuresis. ... D. Morphine in small doses (5-10 mg), slowly, iv to allay anxiety and promote deeper respiratory excursions. E. Administer AMINOPHYLLINE (0.25-0.50 gm) slowly, iv. ... F. Digitalization may be considered, but there is a serious risk of arrhythmias in an anoxic and toxic myocardium. G. TRACHEOSTOMY may be necessary in some cases to facilitate aspiration of large amounts of pulmonary edema fluid. H. Epinephrine, atorpine, and expectorants are generally not helpful, and may complicate treatment. I. Watch for RECURRENT PULMONARY EDEMA, even up to 2 weeks after the initial episode. Limit victim's physical activity for at least 4 weeks. Severe physical weakness usually indicates persistent pulmonary injury. Serial pulmonary function testing may be useful in assessing recovery. 5. Combat SHOCK by placing victim in the Trendelenburg position and administering plasma, whole blood, and/or electrolyte and glucose solutions intravenously, with great care, to avoid pulmonary edema. Central venous pressure should be monitored continously. Vasopressor amines must be given with great caution, because of the irritability of the myocardium. 6. Control CONVULSIONS. Seizures are most likely to occur in poisonings by methyl bromide, hydrogen cyanide, acrylonitrile, phosphine, and carbon disulfide. ... /Fumigant poisoning/|7. If a FUMIGANT LIQUID OR SOLID has been INGESTED less than several hours prior to treatment, quantities remaining in the stomach must be removed as effectively as possible by gastric intubation, aspiration, and lavage, after all possible precautions have been taken to protect the respiratory tract from aspirated gasric contents. A. Put in place a cuffed ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE prior to gastric intubation. Administer OXYGEN, using a mechanical ventilator if respiration is depressed. B. Lavage the stomach with a slurry of ACTIVATED CHARCOAL in saline or water. Leave a volume of the slurry in the stomach with an appropriate dose of sorbitol as cathartic ... . C. If treatment is delayed and if the patient remains fully alert, adminsiter activated charcoal and sorbitol orally. ... Repeated administration of charcoal at half or more the initial dosage every 2-4 hours may be beneficial. D. Do not given vegetable or animal fats or oils, which enhance gastrointestinal absorption of many of the fumigant compounds. 8. Intravenous infusions of GLUCOSE are valuable in limiting the heptotoxicity of many substances. Monitor central venous presure to avoid precipitating, or aggravating, pulmonary edema by fluid overlaod. The victim should be watched closely for indications of delayed or recurrent pulmonary edema, and for bronchophenumonia. Fluid balance should be monitored, and urine sediment should be checked regularly for indications of tubular injury. Measure serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH, ALT, AST, and bilirubin to assess liver injury. 9. HEMOPERFUSION OVER ACTIVATED CHARCOAL has been used in managing a case of carbon tetrachloride poisoning with apparent success. ... 10. EXTRACORPOREAL HEMODIALYSIS may be needed to regulate extracellular fluid composition if renal failure supervenes. It is probably not very effective in removing lipophilic fumigant compounds from blood, but is, of course, effective in controlling extracellular fluid composition if renal failure occurs. /Fumigant poisoning/|Stabilization: Treatment is largely supportive. Watch for respiratory depression & arrhythmias. Obtain arterial blood gases. Administer oxygen if there is evidence of altered mental status or dyspnea. Treat hypotension with volume expansion & vasopression. Use lidocaine or beta-blockers for ventricular arrhythmias. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap & copious amounts or water. Eye: Irrigate the eye for 15-20 min. Obtain a consultation if symptoms persist. Oral: Most of the halogenated solvents ingested in quantities of 1-2 swallows may be partially removed by ipecac-induced emesis if admin within a few hr to a patient who has not lost the gag reflex, is not seizing, is not markedly lethargic, or is not in coma. Observe the patient in the upright position to lessen the possibility of aspiration. Activated charcoal is probably ineffective. Inhalation: Move from the contaminated area. Provide a source of oxygen & prepare for mechanical ventilation. If the patient is unconscious & the pulse is absent, initiate CPR measures. Enhancement of Elimination: Maintain good ventilation. Hemodialysis or hemoperfusion are not likely to be useful because of the high lipophilic properties of these solvents. Antidote: N-acetylcysteine may restore depleted glutathione stores, but no adequate clinical studies are available to validate this possible treatment. Supportive Care: Watch for cardiac dysrhythmias, aspiration pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity, & hypoxic encephalopathy. Monitor for arrhythmia for at least 24 hr & for hepatorenal failure for about 3 days. Obtain a chest x-ray, arterial blood gas, EKG, serum creatinine, & hepatic aminotransferase. Check electrolyte imbalance daily. Treat renal failure with dialysis & hepatic failure with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, a low-protein diet, neomycin, & lactulose. Watch fluid & electrolyte balance. /Halogenated hydrocarbons/

The mixture is severely irritating to the skin. Specific information is not available on injuriousness to the eye, but the vapor is known to irritate the eyes & upper respiratory tract.|The only known human fatality occurred a few hours after accidental ingestion of D-D. The victim experienced abdominal pain & vomiting. When seen in the hospital, he was semicomatose & exhibited muscle twitching. Death occurred in spite of gastric lavage & therapy for pulmonary edema.|THREE CASES REPORTED OF ADVERSE REACTION TO SOIL FUMIGANT D-D. FOLLOWING REPEATED APPLICATION, THE PT (ALL FARMERS) NOTED ERYTHEMATOUS, ITCHING ERUPTION FOLLOWING DIRECT CONTACT WITH SOLN. PATCH TESTS WITH 1% D-D MIXTURE IN ACETONE AS WELL AS WITH INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS GAVE POS RESULTS IN ONLY 1 PT. ALLERGIC PT ALSO HAD POS PATCH TEST WITH DICHLOROPROPENE ALONE.|Intense irritation of eyes, skin, & resp mucosa. /Dichloropropene/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DICHLOROPROPANE-DICHLOROPROPENE MIXTURE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

D-D

CONSUMPTION OF 1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE, 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE AND RELATED C-3 COMPOUNDS, TAKEN AS AN APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE OF D-D AND VIDDEN-D USAGE, WAS 6.42X10+9 g IN CALIFORNIA IN 1984

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 029003; Trade Names: Vidden D; Soil Fumigant.|It is a mixture of chlorinated hydrocarbons containing more than or equal to 50% proportion by mass (E)- and (Z)-1,3-dichloropropenes ... the other main constituent being 1,2-dichloropropane. It has an organic chlorine content of more than or equal to 55.0% proportion by mass. The mixture is used without formulation.|/Ratio of/ 1,2-dichloropropane to 1,3-dichloropropene mixture (... approx 30%:50%).|D-D Soil Fumigant ... is a 100% mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene, 1,2-dichloropropane, 3,3-dichloropropene, 2,3-dichloropropene, & other related chlorinated hydrocarbons.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for DICHLOROPROPANE-DICHLOROPROPENE MIXTURE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The mixture is usually applied by injection into soil or through tractor-drawn hollow tines, to a depth of 15-20 cm at 150-400 kg/ha depending on soil type & ... crop. The soil surface is sealed by rolling. Because components are highly phytotoxic, a 7-day pre-planting interval should be allowed for every 75 l applied/ha. In wet or cold conditions (soil temperature less than 15 °C) rather longer interval may be required.|INTRODUCED BY SHELL.|Vidden D no longer manufactured /by Dow/.|Epichlorohydrin is added /to D-D mixture/ in countries where ... permitted.|MAJOR USE SITES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1984 WERE BROCCOLI, CARROTS, COTTON, OPEN LAND, SUGAR BEETS, SWEET POTATOES AND TOMATOES

AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOIL FUMIGANT (DI-TRAPEX) RESIDUES IN SOIL & WATER IS DESCRIBED. SEPARATION & CONC OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES WAS ACHIEVED BY COMBINED STEAM & VACCUM DISTILLATION. THE YIELD WAS BOILED IN WATER. THE ACTIVE AGENTS CONTAINED IN GASEOUS PHASE WERE SUCKED BY WATER JET PUMP THROUGH SMALL QUANTITY OF HEXANE WHICH, AFTER DRYING WITH SODIUM SULFATE, WAS SUBJECTED TO GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS. RECOVERY RATE FOR DICHLOROPROPENE WAS 84%.

NEMATICIDES