2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol

231.89

231.89

213-310-8

SW5F2W8SDJ

0573

407823

2811|2020

DTXSID2026101

Leaf, from ligroin

2908199090

20.2

3.9

Leaflets (from ligroin) or light beige powder. (NTP, 1992)

1.6 g/cm³ @ Temp: 60 °C

115 °C

Sublimes

11 °C

1.62

Solubility in water: poor

APPROX 4°C

Vapour pressure, Pa at 100°C: 130

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 8.0

pKa = 5.14

Insoluble in water.

Phenols and Cresols

2,3,5,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL is incompatible with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992).

III

6

UN20206.1/PG3

3

25-37/38-41-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11

26-39-45-36/37-16

SM9450000

T,F

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs.

P210-P260-P280-P301 + P310 + P330-P308 + P311-P403 + P233

H225-H301 + H311 + H331-H370

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number F027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Tetrachlorophenol/

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 42 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)|In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under ambient temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|The following equipment should be available /in work area/: eyewash, quick drench. /Pentachlorophenol/|If any possibility of eye contact, eye protective equipment should be worn. /Pentachlorophenol/|Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 5 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filter; may require eye protection. Any supplied-air respirator; may require eye protection. Any self-contained breathing apparatus; may require eye protection. /Pentachlorophenol/|Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 12.5 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode; may require eye protection. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filter; may require eye protection. /Pentachlorophenol/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2,3,5,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Wear boots, protective gloves, and goggles. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Pentachlorophenol/|Wear appropriate equipment to prevent: Any possibility of skin contact. /Pentachlorophenol/|Wear eye protection to prevent: Any possibility of eye contact. /Pentachlorophenol/|Workers should wash: Immediately when skin becomes contaminated. /Pentachlorophenol/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2,3,5,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,3,5,6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

/Tetrachlorophenol/ dust has been found irritating to the nose and throat ... . /Tetrachlorophenol/|All chlorophenol ... dusts are ... irritating to the respiratory tract. /Chlorophenols/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorophenols is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorophenols/

F027; A hazardous waste from nonspecific sources when a component of a discarded unused formulation. /Tetrachlorophenol/

F027; Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols are classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source and must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (see 40 CFR 261.5).

Combustion ash samples from the burning of wood and from oil thermopower plants contained 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol at 1 and 7 ppb, respectively(1). Combustion ash samples from coal burning thermopower plants did not contain detectable quantities (<0.5 ppb) of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol(1). Twelve sewage sludges from rural, urban and industrial sewage treatment works in NW England contained 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at 0.13 to 1.39 ug/l with a mean of 0.44 ug/l, wet weight concentrations(2).

Sediment samples from Lake Ketelmeer, The Netherlands, contained 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol in 94% of the samples (n=17) at a maximum and median concentration of 2.8 and 1.4 ug/kg (dry weight), respectively(1). Sediment samples from Western Scheldt, Ghent-Terneuzen canal, and the River Meuse at Lith in The Netherlands contained 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol at 0.2, 0.2, and 0.4 ug/kg (dry weight)(1). Concentrations of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol at 12 different sites in the sediment of Pyhaoja Brook, Finland were <0.001 ug/g dry weight; this stream was apparently affected by the operation of a sawmill(2).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Twelve sites in Hamburg, Germany were monitored for air quality over a one year period; 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol had annual mean values for each of these sites of <0.2 ng/cu m(1).

LD50 Mouse oral 109 mg/kg|LDLo Mouse ip 500 mg/kg

2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol may be formed as a product of the anaerobic biodegradation of pentachlorophenol. (SRC)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3100(SRC), determined from a log Kow value(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 1.7X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Based on limited data, biodegradation under anaerobic and possibly aerobic conditions in soil may be important. A lag period of 26 days was required before degradation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol proceeded in an aerobic sediment:water system(6). Under anaerobic conditions, 61.5% of the initial 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol was degraded in 8 weeks(7). Photolysis on soil surfaces may also occur; the irradiation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol at a wavelength greater than or equal to 285 nm resulted in 19 and 69% disappearance in 6 and 24 hours, respectively(8). The main photoproduct was 2,3,5-trichlorophenol(8).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3100(SRC), determined from a log Kow value(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of 142(5), measured in American flagfish, indicates that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may be high(SRC). A depuration half-life of 0.40 days was measured for this compound in the same experiment(5). Based on limited data, biodegradation under anaerobic and possibly aerobic conditions in water may be important(SRC). A lag period of 26 days was required before degradation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol proceeded in an aerobic sediment:water system(7). Under anaerobic conditions, 61.5% of the initial 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol was degraded in 8 weeks(8). Photolysis on water surfaces may also occur; the irradiation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol at a wavelength greater than or equal to 285 nm resulted in 19 and 69% disappearance in 6 and 24 hours, respectively(9). The main photoproduct was 2,3,5-trichlorophenol(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.7X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10 days(3,SRC). Particulate-phase 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). A pKa value of 5.14 indicates that 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol will exist mainly as the phenolate anion under environmental conditions(2). 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). Wavelength maxima of 298 and 305 nm were measured in a silica gel/cyclohexane slurry suggesting that 2,3,5,6 may be susceptible to photolysis due to its ability to absorb in the environmental spectrum(4). The irradiation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol at a wavelength greater than or equal to 285 nm in an acetonitrile-water mixture resulted in 19 and 69% disappearance in 6 and 24 hours, respectively(5). The main photoproduct is 2,3,5-trichlorophenol indicating reductive dechlorination at the para position as the process of degradation(5).

141.25|A BCF value of 142 was measured in whole fish samples (lipid-based BCF=1451) of juvenile American flagfish during a 28 day flow-through exposure experiment; 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol was present at 4.1 ug/l(1). A depuration half-life of 0.40 days was measured for this compound in the same experiment(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF value indicates that the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high but as elimination is rapid only short-term bioaccumulation is expected(SRC).

The Koc of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol is estimated as approximately 3100(SRC), using a log Kow value of 3.88(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). In an aqueous adsorption study, 1546 pg/g 2,3,5,6-/2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was found in the sediment, 260 pg/g in suspended matter, and 41 pg/g in the water; the sediment to water ratio is 38 and suspended matter to water ratio is 6.3(4).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol is estimated as 3.5X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC). 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 1.7X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

SURFACE WATER: Surface water samples obtained from the IJssel River near Kampen, The Netherlands, contained 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol in 54% of 13 samples at a maximum and median concn of 0.08 and 0.01 ug/l, respectively(1). 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in Rhine River water at Lobith in 1976 and 1977 in 12% of the collected samples at a maximum and median concn of 0.06-0.17 and 0.03 ppb, respectively(2). 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the Boven Merwede River water at Gorinchem in 1976 and 1977 in 8% of the collected samples at a maximum and median concn of 0.03-0.10 and 0.03 ppb, respectively(2). 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in Ijssel River water at Kampen in 1976 and 1977 in 8% of the collected samples at a maximum and median concn of 0.03-0.11 and 0.02 ppb, respectively(2). 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the Meuse River water at Lith in 1976 and 1977 in 9% of the collected samples at a maximum and median concn of 0.04-0.10 and 0.02 ppb, respectively(2). 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol was not detected in water samples taken from the Meuse River at Eijsden in 1976 and 1977(2). Water samples collected from a section of the Isipingo River and Isipingo Estuary, South Africa in 1991, contained 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns ranging from 0.1 to 7.04 ug/l(3). Concns of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol from <0.001 to 0.030 ug/l were measured in Pyhaoja Brook, Finland; the water was apparently affected by a sawmill operation(4). 8 of 41 water samples collected from Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, Canada contained 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns greater than the detection limit of 50 ng/l(5).

Limited monitoring data indicate that non-occupatioal exposures may occur from the ingestion of contaminated drinking water. The most probable human exposure would be occupational exposure, which may occur through dermal contact or inhalation at workplaces, such as wood preparation facilities and sawmills, where pentachlorophenol is used. (SRC)

The compounds are readily absorbed from the gastroenteric tract and from parenteral sites of injection. /Chlorophenols/|Chlorophenols ... are readily absorbed from all routes including percutaneous and inhalation. /Chlorophenols/

The comparative formation of chlorophenol metabolites of hexachlorocyclohexane was investigated in rats and mice. Male Swiss mice and female Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 500 parts per million hexachlorocyclohexane. Animals were killed after 2 months and hepatic chlorophenol metabolites were determined using hig performance liquid chromatography. Circulating concentrations of chlorophenols were determined in Wistar rats and Swiss mice given a single 200 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of hexachlorocyclohexane. After 24 hours blood was collected by heart puncture and chlorophenols assayed chromatographically. Species differences in the rate of chlorophenol metabolite formation in vitro were also measured in hepatic microsome fractions prepared from Aroclor 1254 pretreated animals. Chlorophenol metabolites identified were 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol. No qualitative species difference was detected in chromatographic profiles of chlorophenols extracted from mouse and rat liver after continuous 2 month administration of hexachlorocyclohexane. Only 2,6-dichlorophenol was significantly higher in mouse live than that observed in rat liver: 1292.5 ng/g in mouse and 140.0 ng/g in rat. No qualitative difference was observed in the chlorophenols of blood of mice and rats. However, the concentration of 2,6-dichlorophenol was 11.52 ug/ml compared to 1.65 ug/ml in mouse blood. In vitro, 647 pmol/mg/hour 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were formed by rat liver microsomes, compared to 219 pmol/mg/hour by mouse liver microsomes. The authors conclude that hexachlorocyclohexane may be a tumor promoting agent which acts by facilitating the development of latent initiated cells of unknown origin. Differential plasma clearance of 2,6-dichlorophenol may account for species differences in its concentration; however it is unlikely that it plays a major role in the induction of liver tumors in mice.|The metabolism of tetrachlorobenzenes was investigated in the squirrel monkey and a comparison made of the interspecies metabolism of such compounds. Three groups of four male monkeys were given orally single doses of one of three tetrachlorobenzene isomers in corn-oil twice per week for 3 weeks. The dose levels for 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene were 100 mg/kg, and the dose level for 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene was 50 mg/kg. Respective levels of fecal excretion at 48 hours were 38, 36, and 18% of the initial doses. No metabolism occurred for 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in the squirrel monkey. Fecal metabolites of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene included 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2% of dose), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (14%), 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (9%), and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl sulfinic acid (15%). For animals dosed with either 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene or 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene, the fecal radioactivity demonstrated elimination of at least 50% unchanged compound. Fecal metabolites in monkeys dosed with 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene included 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (22%), N-acetyl-S-(2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenyl)cysteine (18%), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenyl sulfinic acid (3%), 2,3,4-trichlorophenyl-methyl sulfide (0.6%), and 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenyl-methyl sulfide (0.2%). Different metabolic pathways were briefly compared for the squirrel monkey, the rat, and the rabbit. The authors conclude that the tetrachlorobenzenes studied are metabolized differently in different species and that different isomers are metabolized by different pathways.|After lindane was administered to rats in a single oral dose, the time profile of the degree of conjugation of the main phenolic metabolites was evaluated. In all urine samples 2,3-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol were constantly present. 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol and then 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were the prevalent metabolites in all cases. The degree of conjugation did not correlate with the dissociation constant of individual chlorinated phenols. Phenol conjugation declined with time after administration.

0.79 Days

CHLORINATED PHENOLS ... ARE VERY EFFECTIVE ( ... IN VITRO) AS UNCOUPLERS OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. THEY THUS PREVENT INCORPORATION OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE INTO ATP WITHOUT EFFECTING ELECTRON TRANSPORT. AS A RESULT OF THIS ACTION, WHICH IS BELIEVED TO OCCUR @ MITOCHONDRIAL /MEMBRANE/, CELLS CONTINUE TO RESPIRE BUT SOON ARE DEPLETED OF ATP NECESSARY FOR GROWTH. /CHLOROPHENOLS/|The chlorophenols ... act at the sites of adenosine triphosphate production and decrease or block it without blocking the electron transport chain. Thus the poisons uncouple phosphorylation from oxidation. Free energy from the electron transport chain then converts to more body heat. As body temp rises, heat-dissipating mechanisms are overcome and metabolism is speeded. More adenosine diphosphate and other substrates accumulate, and these substrates stimulate the electron transport chain further. The electron transport chain responds by using up more and more available oxygen (increasing oxygen demand) in an effort to produce adenosine triphosphate, but much of the free energy generated is liberated as still more body heat. Oxygen demand quickly overcomes oxygen supply, and energy reserves become depleted. /Chlorophenols/

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Depending on the intensity and duration of exposure, effects may vary from mild irritation to severe destruction of tissue. Prolonged contact can cause eye damage. It can also cause irritation of the nose and throat. Exposure to this type of compound may cause profuse sweating, intense thirst, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cyanosis from methemoglobinemia, hyperactivity, stupor, blood pressure fall, hyperpnea, hemolysis, convulsions, collapse, coma and pulmonary edema followed by pneumonia. If death from respiratory failure is not immediate, jaundice and oliguria or anuria may occur. Other symptoms of exposure to this type of compound may include headache, dizziness, rapid and difficult breathing, weakness, severe burns and internal damage. Chronic exposure may result in digestive disturbances, nervous disorders, skin eruptions and liver and kidney damage. Skin contact with this type of compound may result in softening and whitening of the skin, followed by the development of painful burns. Prolonged contact may lead to dermatitis. Local contact may also result in painless blanching or erythema and corrosion of the skin. Skin sensitivity reactions occur occasionally. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is highly toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract; and prolonged contact may result in severe irritation or destruction of tissue. It is also an irritant of the nose and throat. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Chlorophenols appear to be mildly hepatotoxic, and studies in animals indicate that pentachlorophenol may reduce humoral and cell mediated immunity as well as act as a cocarcinogen. /Chlorophenols/

2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness. Burning sensation. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

The commercial tetrachlorophenol was composed of 73% tetra- and 27% pentachlorophenol. /Tetrachlorophenol/

EPA Method 8040. Method for the determination of phenols in solid waste by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection or derivatization to pentafluorobenzyl- bromide derivatives followed by GC with electron capture detection. Electron capture detection is used to reduce detection limits of some phenols and/or interferences. Under the prescribed conditions for tetrachlorophenols, the method detection limit is not given for using flame ionization detector and electron capture detection. Precision and method accuracy were found to be directly related to analyte concentration and essentially independent of the sample matrix. /Tetrachlorophenols/|OSW Method 8041. Phenols by Gas Chromatography: Capillary Column Technique. Used to monitor phenols in both water and solids.|HERL Method HERL_006. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and Chlorinated Phenol Metabolites of PCP and HCB. Analysis by GC/ECD. This method is applicable to the determination of PCP in human and animal urine.

A GC method for determining 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in biological fluids was developed. Samples analyzed were urine, water, serum, or fish, tissue. Urine and water samples were digested at 100 °C for 1 hr in a sealed vial and later were extracted with toluene. Serum samples were acidified and then digested and extracted as above. Fish tissue was homogenized, acidified to pH 2, and rehomogenized; the emulsion was extracted with methylene chloride, extracted with alkali, and finally with toluene and digested as above. All samples were treated with an internal standard, diluted as appropriate, and subjected to GC at 300 °C using fused silica capillary columns. Samples were injected at 1 ul volume and detection of compounds was facilitated by electron capture at 350 °C. A calibration standard of pure tetrachlorophenol was run; the time of chromatographic run was 1 hr. Good resolution of the compounds was achieved. Concentrations as low as 0.5 ppb were detected by this method. The precision of the method was 7.5% for tetrachlorophenol. The upper limit of detection was 200 ppb. Samples of water, urine, serum, and fish tissue contained a detectable concentration. Corrections were made to compensate for instrument drift. The compounds were sensitive to chemical activity within the injection port and column; deactivation was necessary by treating with 10 ul portions of hexamethylsilane and trimethylchlorosilane. This method offers high sensitivity and precision. /Tetrachlorophenol/|Chlorinated phenols in urine are detected by electron capture GC using a double support-bonded diethylene glycol succinate column. Avg recoveries of >80% were obtained. /Chlorinated phenols/|A method for the determination of pentachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and their salts or hydrolyzable biological conjugates in urine, water, serum, or fish tissue is reported. The method utilizes fused silica capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection of the free phenols following hydrolysis and extraction. into toluene. A recovery standard (4-chloro-2-nitrophenol) and an internal standard for gas chromatography (1-nitro-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene) are used to monitor recovery and gas chromatography performance. The detection limit for pentachlorophenol and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is 0.5 ppb and the precision observed for each sample in the 1-100 ppb range is between 3 and 12% relative standard deviation for both components.