Benzotrichloride

195.47

195.47

508152

202-634-5

U62VHG99AM

0105

14663

2226

TSCA listed

DTXSID1020148

C29811

Clear yellow

29039990

0

Benzotrichloride is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and is irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. It fumes in moist air.Benzotrichloride is freely soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. It is only slightly soluble in water (0.05 g/L at 5 ℃, 0.25 g/L at 39 ℃). The solubility of chlorinein 100 g of benzotrichloride is 5.1 g at 30 ℃, 3.4 g at 50 ℃, 1.3 g at 100 ℃.

3.51330

Benzotrichloride appears as a clear colorless to yellowish colored liquid with a penetrating odor. Denser than water and vapors are heavier than air. May be toxic by inhalation or ingestion. Burns skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Insoluble in water. Used to make dyes and other chemicals.

1.38 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

−7.5-−7 °C(lit.)

219-223 °C760 mm Hg(lit.)

97ºC

n20/D1.557(lit.)

HYDROLYSIS

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should b

0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

6.77 (vs air)

LD50 orally in rats: 6.0 g/kg (Smyth)

penetrating odor

3.8×10-2mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015)

CONVERSION FACTOR: 1 PPM= 0.125 MG/CU M|Hydrolyzes in presence of moisture|Dielectric constant= 6.9 at 21 °C; dipole moment= 2.17 coulomb.meters at 20 °C in benzene.|Fumes in air.|Liquid molar volume = 0.142809 cu m/kmol

Hydrolyzes in the presence of moisture. The reaction is rather slow due to low solubility in water.

Aryl Halides

Benzotrichloride hydrolyzes in the presence of moisture. Benzotrichloride reacts with water, lime, ammonia, strong alkalis, organic amines, chlorates and acids.

411 °F

3684 kJ/mol @ constant pressure

12,168.6 G CAL/G MOLE

room temp

II

8

UN 2226

3

T

53-45

XT9275000

T

(1) Color Code—White: Corrosive or ContactHazard; Store separately in a corrosion-resistant location.(2) Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Store in asecure poison location. Before entering confined spacewhere benzotrichloride may be present, check to make surethat an explosive concentration does not exist. Store intightly closed containers in a dark, cool, well-ventilatedarea. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storagecontainers to process containers. Drums must be equippedwith self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flamearresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames,are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, orstored in a manner that could create a potential fire orexplosion hazard. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored incompliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045.

Stable, but moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, moisture.

P201-P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P311

Highly toxic by inhalation, fumes highly irritant. Eye, skin, and upper respiratory tract irri- tant. Probable carcinogen.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U023, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Incineration with flammable solvent added in incinerator with afterburner and alkaline scrubber.|A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for BENZOTRICHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Benzotrichloride decomposes on heating, on contact with acids and/or water, producing toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride and benzoic acid. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers, iron and other metals, alkali and earth alkali metals; bases and organic substances, and may cause fire and explosions. On contact with air it emits toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride. Attacks many metals in presence of water. Attacks many plastics.

Mutsushita H; Sangyo Igaku (5): 13-19 (1981). Benzotrichloride poisoning and health monitoring are presented.|USEPA; Chemical Hazard Information Profile: Benzotrichloride (Draft) (1982)|National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Benzotrichloride (98-07-7) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s021benz.pdf]

UN 2226

Benzotrichloride may react violently with water. Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Flammable/poisonous gases may accumulate in tanks and hopper cars. Materials may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.). Produces toxic and corrosive fumes when Benzotrichloride reacts with water or steam. Similar to hydrochloric acid; material will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Hydrolyzes in presence of water forming benzoic and hydrochloric acids.

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P281, P284, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P312, P320, P321, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 64 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P330, P331, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium-expansion foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2016)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)|Wear rubber gloves and coveralls. Use of self contained breathing apparatus is recommended.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

WATER OR FOAM MAY CAUSE FROTHING|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BENZOTRICHLORIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.|/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BENZOTRICHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

VAPORS HIGHLY IRRITANT TO SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the skin and respiratory tract. The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. If swallowed the substance may cause vomiting and could result in aspiration pneumonitis.

The substance may have effects on the lungs, liver, kidneys and thyroid. This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans.

NO open flames.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Benzotrichloride is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.|Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Benzotrichloride is included on this list.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.| 4 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can be lethal.

Benzotrichloride is used extensively in the dye industry and as an intermediate in the chemical industry. Acute (short-term) exposure to the vapors of benzotrichloride are highly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. In mice and rats chronically (long-term) exposed by inhalation, proliferative lesions of the respiratory tract have been observed. Human data on the carcinogenic effects of benzotrichloride are inadequate. Increased incidences of tumors at multiple sites have been observed in female mice treated orally, dermally, and by inhalation. EPA has classified benzotrichloride as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.

U023; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).|Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Benzotrichloride is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 lbs.

U023; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when benzotrichloride, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

LD50 Rat oral 6 g/kg/14 days.

Persons involved in the manufacture of benzoyl chloride have an increased risk of developing cancer primarily because of their exposure to benzotrichloride (a major intermediate in the manufacture of benzoyl chloride) which was shown to be an animal carcinogen.

Benzotrichloride has not been reported to occur in nature(1).

Still bottoms from the distillation of benzyl chloride contain benzotrichloride (0.0005 kg per 1 kg of benzyl chloride product) and are disposed of in hazardous waste land disposal sites(1).|Benzotrichloride's production and use in organic synthesis as the source of the benzenyl group(1), to make benzotrifluoride, hydroxybenzophone, pharmaceuticals, antimicrobial agents(2), chlorinated toluenes(2), dyes(3), and pesticides(4) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The ultraviolet adsorption spectrum for benzotrichloride in methanol solution shows virtually no absorption above 290 nm(1), therefore direct photolysis on soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Benzotrichloride hydrolyzes quickly in the presence of moisture forming benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). The hydrolysis rate constant at 25 °C and pH 7 is reported to be 0.063 1/sec(3), which corresponds to a half-life of 11 sec(SRC). The hydrolysis rate constant at 5.10 °C was found to be 0.00387 per sec(4), which corresponds to a half-life of 3.0 minutes(SRC). Therefore, leaching, volatilization from moist soil, and biodegradation are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Benzotrichloride hydrolyzes quickly in the presence of water forming benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(1). The hydrolysis rate constant at 25 °C and pH 7 is reported to be 0.063 1/sec(2), which corresponds to a half-life of 11 sec(SRC). The hydrolysis rate constant at 5.10 °C was found to be 0.00387 per sec(3), which corresponds to a half-life of 3.0 minutes(SRC). Therefore, volatilization, bioconcentration, adsorption to sediment, and photolysis are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC). Limited biodegradation data are available to determine the rate or importance of biodegradation of benzotrichloride in water(SRC); however, using a modified OECD-Screening-Test, DOC removal with benzotrichloride was 95-97% after 3 days(4). However, because of the rapid hydrolysis rate, this biodegradation study is probably for benzoic acid, the hydrolysis product of benzotrichloride(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a suggested classification scheme(1), an experimental vapor pressure of 0.4137 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) indicates that benzotrichloride will exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzotrichloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 45 days(3,SRC). Direct photolysis is not expected to occur in the troposphere due to lack of UV absorption above 290nm(7). Due to the rapid hydrolysis of benzotrichloride in water(4-6), it may hydrolyze in the atmosphere when contacted with moisture(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benzotrichloride with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.6X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 45 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Benzotrichloride hydrolyzes in the presence of moisture forming benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). The hydrolysis rate constant at 25 °C and pH 7 is reported to be 0.063 1/sec(3), which corresponds to a half-life of 11 sec(SRC). The hydrolysis rate constant at 5.10 °C was found to be 0.00387 per sec(4), which corresponds to a half-life of 3.0 minutes(SRC). The ultraviolet adsorption spectrum for benzotrichloride in methanol solution shows virtually no absorption above 290 nm(5); therefore, direct photolysis in the environment is not expected to occur(SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 540 was calculated for benzotrichloride(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.9(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will be an important fate process(SRC). However, due to the rapid hydrolysis of benzotrichloride in water(4-6), bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to occur(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes(1), the Koc of benzotrichloride is estimated as approximately 1200(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that benzotrichloride has slight mobility in soil(SRC). Due to the rapid hydrolysis of benzotrichloride in water(3-5), leaching in moist soils should not be significant due to its degradation to benzoic and hydrochloric acid(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for benzotrichloride is estimated as 2.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that benzotrichloride will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 8.8 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 7 days(2,SRC). However, due to the rapid hydrolysis of benzotrichloride in water(3-5), volatilization from water is not expected to be important(SRC). Benzotrichloride's vapor pressure(6) indicates that volatilization from dry soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: Benzotrichloride has been identified in surface waters; the concn were not reported.

ACGIH: Ceiling 0.1 ppm (Skin)

... Assuming that the metabolism of benzotrichloride is similar to that of toluene, the investigators postulated that benzotrichloride is eliminated in the urine as hippuric acid, and proceeded to measure the background level of hippuric acid in a group of 10 untreated white rats. After noting that the normal hippuric acid content of the urine was 14-20 mg (no per volume or per weight measure as given), these same white rats were exposed to daily benzotrichloride vapors of 0.03 mg/1, 2 hours a day for 20 days. After the 20th day, the hippuric acid level in the urine of certain individuals reached 47 mg. ... One of the initial conversion products is sodium benzoic acid, which is converted to hippuric acid, and that metabolites other than hippuric may also be formed.|The mutagenic metabolite of benzotrichloride (benzotrichloride itself is not mutagenic or only slightly so) was postulated to be certain intermediate(s) between benzotrichloride and its final metabolite, benzoic acid.

COMMERCIAL GRADES MAY CONTAIN HYDROCHLORIC ACID, BENZYLIDENE CHLORIDE, & BENZYL CHLORIDE.|Chlorotoluenes, chlorobenzyl chlorides, benzal chloride, chlorobenzal chlorides, and chlorobenzotrichlorides.

Toxic by inhalation; fumes are highly irritating to skin and mucous membranes. May cause death or permanent injury after very short exposure to small quantities. A suspected carcinogen.

Warning: Benzotrichloride is a strong irritant. Direct contact may result in severe dermal or corneal burns. Signs and Symptoms of Benzotrichloride Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to benzotrichloride may include strong irritation or burning of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. It may cause esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation if ingested. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to benzotrichloride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to benzotrichloride. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Rush to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to benzotrichloride. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Rush to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support to all victims. 2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize! 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz. or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. 5. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Corrosive to skin, mucous membranes.|The effects of occupational exposure to a mixture of chlorinated toluenes on mortality were studied in 953 organic chemical factory workers. Mortality of 163 exposed employees was compared with that in 790 who were not exposed by first using the rates of mortality for England and Wales and then by using regression models in life tables. Cumulative exposure, age at start of employment in the factory, and age at death were considered. Compared with mortality rates in England and Wales, exposed workers had significantly elevated standard mortality ratios for all causes and all cancers, while the regression models indicated that an increased risk of cancer mortality was found for exposed workers who had first been employed before 1951. Cancers among the exposed employees concerned the mouth and throat, digestive system, respiratory system, genitourinary system, and lymphatic hemopoietic tissue. Although exposures were to several chlorinated toluenes, results from this study and previous studies indicates that benzotrichloride was the most likely carcinogen. /It was concluded/ that there is an increased risk of mortality from cancer among the workers, increased risk of mortality from cancer among the workers, especially those employed before 1951, who were exposed to chlorinated toluenes.|Six cases of respiratory cancer have been reported among benzoyl chloride production workers in two small plants, who were also potentially exposed to benzotrichloride. The cases occurred in young workers, three of whom were nonsmokers.

benzotrichloride

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Burns.

The major part of benzotrichloride production is used in the manufacture of benzoyl chloride ... . Less amt are consumed in the manufacture of benzotrifluoride, as a dyestuff intermediate, and in producing hydroxybenzophenone ultraviolet light stabilizers ... .

Grades: Refined, liquid|Technical (>95%), pure (>98%).

Benzene, trichloromethyl-: INACTIVE|Benzene, (trichloromethyl)-: ACTIVE|PURIFICATION PROCEDURES: HOLLEMAN, DEMOOY, REC TRAV CHIM 33, 25, 33 (1914); BRITTON, USA PATENT 1,804,458 (1931 TO DOW); CHEM ZENTR 1931, II, 497.|Method of purification: Rectification.

A METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN WORKPLACE AIR, USING GC AFTER ADSORPTION ON POLYMERIC ADSORBANT & DESORPTION WITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, HAS BEEN DESCRIBED. MINIMAL DETECTABLE CONCN WAS ABOUT 80 UG/CU M (10 PPB): MATSUSHITA H, KANNO S; IND HEALTH 17 (4): 199-206 (1979).|Method 3640A. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) Cleanup Procedure. Gel permeation chromatographic technique with no detection limit reported.|Method 8121. Determination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography: Capillary Column Technique. Capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detector method with a method detection limit of 6.0 ng/L.

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)|Health Hazards -> Carcinogens, Corrosives