Hexacosane

366.71

366.71

1705609

211-124-1

0CI4OKE9VO

122457

DTXSID7060883

Monoclinic, triclinic or orthorhombic crystals from benzene; crystals from ether

29011000

0

13.11 (est)

White Solid

0.7691 g/cm³ @ Temp: 89 °C

56.4 °C

412.2 °C

215 °C

1.448

Slightly soluble in water.chloroform: 0.1 g/mL, clear

room temp

4.69X10-07 mm Hg at 25 deg C (extrapolated)

Henry's Law constant = 490 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °Cat 25 °C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as N-HEXACOSANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

NONH for all modes of transport

3

22-24/25

ML3705000

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

P264, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P313, P362

H315

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Flash point data on this compound is not available, but it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P313, and P362|Aggregated GHS information provided by 10 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: 1. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: Permeation data indicate that butyl rubber gloves may provide protection to contact with this compound. Butyl rubber over latex gloves is recommended. However, if this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, hole or puncture develops, remove them at once. (NTP, 1992)|Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place.|Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.|Precautions for safe handling: Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.|Appropriate engineering controls: General industrial hygiene practice.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for n-Hexacosane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/Higher alkanes/ may cause eye and skin irritation.

Alkanes (C20-C32) were the most abundant trace organic compounds found in particulate matter from vehicle exhaust with emission factors for hexacosane from diesel driven light-duty vehicles of 3.42-78.2 ug/km(1).

SEDIMENT: Hexacosane concentrations were 0.7-133 ng/g dry weight in sediments samples collected from 14 sites from the Shinano River in Niigata, Japan from November 2005 to April 2006(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Hexacosane was detected in particulate air samples from Georgia Tech campus, GA at mean concentrations of 1.15 and 2.33 ng/cu m for summer 2005 and winter 2006, respectively(1). A mean hexacosane concentration of approximately 18 ng/cu m was reported in the particulate phase of air samples collected in an urban and industrialized area in Prato, Italy during 2002(2). Hexacosane concentration was 8.2 and 8.7 ng/cu m in particulate phase in the summer and winter, respectively; the concentration was 5.6 and 0.9 ng/cu m in the vapor phase in summer and winter, respectively; samples were collected in an urban area in Nagoya, Japan in 1991(3).|RURAL/REMOTE: Hexacosane was detected in particulate air samples from a rural area of Yorkville, GA at mean concentrations of 0.29 and 1.74 ng/cu m for summer and winter, respectively(1).|SOURCE DOMINATED: Hexacosane was detected in the gas and particle phase of tailpipe emissions from non-catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 9.6 and 764 ug/km, respectively(1). Hexacosane was detected at 61-650 pg/cu m with a mean of 220 pg/cu m in particulate air samples collected near a highway in Raleigh, NC; concentrations in samples collected 275 meters from the highway contained 70-740 pg/cu m with a mean of 190 pg/cu m(2). Hexacosane was detected in particulate air samples from an interstate highway in Georgia at a mean concentration of 1.93 and 4.00 ng/cu m for summer and winter, respectively(3).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Hexacosane is a solid n-alkane containing 26 carbon atoms (C26). Solid n-alkanes (paraffin waxes) are used in a variety of applications: as feeds for cracking them to gasoline blendstock materials, oxidation, and chlorination reactions. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples of bovine tissues.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Embryonic inland silversides, Meinida beryllina, were exposed to neutral, water-soluble fractions (WSFs) resulting from microbial degradation of artificially weathered Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil. Three individual microbes obtained from Prince William Sound, Alaska, and designated Phe#6 (enriched on phenanthrene), Hexaco#2 (enriched on the straight-chain alkane, hexacosane), and EI2V (grown by enrichment on Bushnell-Haas medium containing 0.2% pristane, a branched alkane) were used to individually biodegrade weathered ANS crude oil for 14 days in darkness in 20-L glass carboys containing nutrient enriched, sterilized 20% salinity sea water at 20 +/- 1 degrees C. Neutral WSFs resulting from biodegradation of ANS (lot 521) by each microbe were recovered and weighted. Neutral WSFs recovered were: 1.76 mg/L for Phe#6, 1.85 mg/L for Hexaco#2, and 13.02 mg/L for the EI2V microbe. Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity tests revealed that exposure of embryos to the WSFs from the EI2V incubation (with a total recovered neutral fraction approximately seven times greater than the Phe#6 and Hexaco#2 incubations) resulted in the most severe responses in craniofacial, cardiovascular, and skeletal organ systems. The total neutral WSFs recovered from the EI2V biodegradation of weathered ANS 521 were subfractionated into saturated (eluted with hexane), aromatic (eluted with CH2Cl2), polar (eluted with ethyl ether), and recombined (saturated + aromatic + polar) fractions. Developing fish embryos were then exposed to each subfraction and the recombined subfractions. The polar subfraction and recombined subfractions proved to be the most embryo toxic and teratogenic. They resulted in statistically significant (p < or = 0.05) responses (compared to controls) for craniofacial, cardiovascular, skeletal, and total severity effects in one or both tests with these subfractions.

Hexacosane has been detected in various parts of a least 15 varieties of plants(1).

Alkanes such as hexacosane may be components in petroleum products(1) and may be released to the environment through the processing and combustion of petroleum products(SRC).

TERRESRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.1X10+7(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexacosane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of hexacosane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be a fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 490 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Hexacosane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 4.69X10-07 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Biodegradation oxygen consumption values of 8.2 and 7.8 ug/mL for analogous tetracosane (C24) and dotriacontane (C32), respectively, using a soil suspension(4) indicate that biodegradation of hexacosane may be a slow environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.1X10+7(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that hexacosane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 490 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.6 hours and 7.6 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is more than 2 years if adsorption is considered (4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 13.5(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 13.1(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low (SRC). Biodegradation oxygen consumption values of 8.2 and 7.8 ug/mL for analogous tetracosane (C24) and dotriacontane (C32), respectively, using a soil suspension(6) indicate that biodegradation of hexacosane may be a slow environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), hexacosane, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 4.69X10-07 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase hexacosane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.1 hours (SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase hexacosane will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Hexacosane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of hexacosane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.1 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Hexacosane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Hexacosane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 13.5 was calculated in fish for hexacosane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 13.1(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of hexacosane can be estimated to be 2.1X10+7 (SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that hexacosane is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for hexacosane is estimated as 490 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that hexacosane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7.6 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years when adsorption is considered(3). Hexacosane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Hexacosane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 4.69X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(4).

SURFACE WATER: Hexacosane concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.56 ug/L in eight stations located in the Guanabara Bay Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sampled from September 2011 to August 2012(1).

Occupational exposure to hexacosane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where petroleum products are used or processed. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to hexacosane via inhalation of polluted air, ingestion of food and dermal contact with water contaminated by combustion effluents. (SRC)

Liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose (perirenal and s.c.) /bovine/ tissues were collected from 6 animals for analysis of their hydrocarbon composition. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were carried out by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although differing in the proportions, a homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples. The isoprenoid hydrocarbons phytane and phytene (phyt-1-ene and phyt-2-ene) were also identified. (These findings have relevance to the health of humans consuming hydrocarbon-contaminated meats.) /n-Alkanes/

100.00 Days

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for n-Hexacosane (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Hexacosane: ACTIVE|Gas-phase dehydrogenation of n-alkanes over noble-metal catalysts yield the corresponding n-alkenes at low conversion rates (ca. 10%) with predominantly internal double bonds. The corresponding alkenes can be isolated in high purity by selective molecular-sieve processes. /Higher n-Alkanes/

Petroleum-related contaminants in seafoods were analyzed. A GC (SIM) method was developed for the determination of contaminants, which covered 7 n-alkanes (C20-C32) and 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenzothiophene (DBT). The detection limits were 2-3 ppb for n-alkane, 0.1-0.2 ppb for PAH and 0.2 ppb for DBT. The concentrations of petroleum-related contaminants in seafoods, collected either from waters that were outside the spill area or before the oil spill, were determined by the GC/MS (SIM) method. Levels of total n-alkanes ranged from nd (not detected) to 532 ppb and those of PAH and DBT ranged from nd to 15.5 ppb. The concentrations of n-alkanes and PAH in the visceral mass of squid and scallops were higher than those in their muscle tissues. /n-Alkanes/|The chloroform-extractable lipid fraction of dissolved organic matter in seawater was analyzed by gravimetry, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Gravimetric concentrations of dissolved lipids in the Gulf of Mexico were in the range of 60-160 mg/L in near-surface waters and 61-116 ug/L in near bottom waters and accounted for approximately 4% of the dissolved organic C. Over a 12-hr sampling period and a 5-day sampling period extensive variability in dissolved lipid quantity and quality were observed. The major percentage of extractable weight was collected in the polar liquid chromatographic fraction (55-95%). Gas chromatographic concentrations of the aliphatic fractions were in the range of 0.014-0.187 ug/L. Concentrations derived from gas chromatography were consistently lower than gravimetrically-derived concentrations. A number of compounds were tentatively identified by a combination of GC, GC-MS, and authentic standards. The major components of the analyzable dissolved lipids were n-alkanes (C16-C32), pristane, phytane, methyl, ethyl and propyl esters of fatty acids. Minor components included olefins and cycloalkanes, aromatics, short-chained acids, and possibly a lactone and an alcohol. All concentrations and compounds were indicative of a fairly pristine environment. The n-alkane distribution appears to be the result of marine and terrestrial inputs superimposed on a chronic low-level background of oil pollution. The fatty acid esters and other fragment molecules may be the result of the degradation of humic substances. A number of potential indicators of source were isolated. /n-Alkanes/|Method: EPA-EAD 1625; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: n-hexacosane; Matrix: water; Detection Limit: not provided.

Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Hydrocarbons [FA11]