Phytane

282.55

282.55

211-332-2

27UZX1Q8TR

DTXSID70862339

Clear, colorless liquid

2901100000

0

9.87 (est)

Liquid

0.803 g/cm³ @ Temp: 0 °C

169.5 °C @ Press: 9.5 Torr

150.2ºC

1.437

In water, 1.7X10-5 mg/L at 25 deg C (est)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

3.3X10-3 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Henry's Law constant = 90 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.61X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

NONH for all modes of transport

3

24/25

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection not required. For nuisance exposures use type OV/AG (US) or type ABEK (EU EN 14387) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.|Precautions for safe handling: Normal measures for preventive fire protection.|Appropriate engineering controls: General industrial hygiene practice.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/Higher alkanes/ may cause eye and skin irritation.

SOIL: During winter 2002 soil and sand samples, from six locations in the Riyadh metropolitan area of Saudi Arabia, were examined for extractable organic matter; phytane was detected at a relative concentration of 6.22% (of total extractable organic matter) at one of six locations(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: A mean ambient air concentration of 120.4 ng/cubic m was reported for phytane from monitoring data measured on September 9, 1993 at Central Los Angeles, Azusa, and Claremont(1).|SOURCE DOMINATED: Phytane was detected in the gas phase of tailpipe emissions from catalyst equipped and non-catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 3.2 and 252 ug/km, respectively; it was also detected in the gasoline at 12.1 ug/g(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Phytane is a hydrocarbon found in rock specimens 2.5-3 billion years old. Know to be synthesized only by living organisms (is a derivative of chlorophyll) and to withstand heat and pressure, so helps to date the existence of life on earth (biomarker). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats absorbed phytane from the intestinal tract intact into the lymph.

Phytane is found in 2.5-3 billion year old rock specimens; this chemical is known only to be produced by living organisms(1). Phytane is a component of crude petroleum oil, often present at high concentrations(2). Phytane is present in the root essential oil of Coleus barbatus(3).

Branched alkanes such as phytane may be components in petroleum products(1) and may be released to the environment through the processing and combustion of petroleum products(SRC). Phytane's use as an agent to determine the onset of biodegradation(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.4X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that phytane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of phytane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 90 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Phytane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.3X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Phytane, present as a component of Biodiesel, has a calculated half-life of 6.2 days in unacclimated pond water(4) indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.4X10+5 SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that phytane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 90 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.7 hours and 6.7 days, respectively(SRC). However, adsorption to suspended solids and sediment is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 130(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 9.87(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Phytane, present as a component of Biodiesel, has a calculated half-life of 6.2 days in unacclimated pond water(7) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phytane, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 3.3X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist almost entirely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phytane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Phytane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of phytane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Phytane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Phytane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 130 was calculated in fish for phytane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 9.87(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of phytane can be estimated to be 3.4X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that phytane is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for phytane is estimated as 90 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that phytane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6.7 days(SRC). Phytane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years if adsorption is considered(4). Phytane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.3X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

DRINKING WATER: Phytane was identified but not quantified in tap water samples from 2 sites in Tsukuba, Japan, sampled in June 1983(1).|SURFACE WATER: Phytane was identified but not quantified in the waters of Besos and Llogregat Rivers, in the coasts of Barcelona and Vilanova-Sitges, and in La Pineda beach, Spain(1). Phytane concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 0.19 ug/L in eight stations located in the Guanabara Bay Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sampled from September 2011 to August 2012(2).|RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Phytane was detected in 3 out of 10 snow samples collected in March 1999 from rural and urban areas in Russia and Finland at concentrations of 0.11, 0.29, and 3.77 ug/kg(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, there are 0 reporting facilities for phytane(1).|Occupational exposure to phytane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where phytane is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to phytane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and dermal contact with consumer products containing phytane. The greatest potential for dermal and inhalation exposure is expected during use of petroleum products containing phytane. (SRC)

Rats absorb 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane (phytane) from the intestinal tract intact into the lymph. Intestinal microbes appeared to be unable to metabolize phytane in vitro. Rats metabolized phytane to (a) a tertiary alcohol tentatively identified as 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecan-2-ol, and (b) a variety of short-chain acids which were excreted in the urine. These included acetic, isobutyric, and 2-methylbutyric acids. CO2 was a very minor product, even following intravenous injection of phytane. Lipoidal intermediates in the degradation of phytane could not be detected, suggesting that the initial attack on the molecule was rate-limiting. Urinary excretion products were apparent following oral but not intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration of phytane. However, the tertiary alcohol was produced following both oral and intraperitoneal administration. ...

Rats absorb 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane (phytane) from the intestinal tract intact into the lymph. Intestinal microbes appeared to be unable to metabolize phytane in vitro. Rats metabolized phytane to (a) a tertiary alcohol tentatively identified as 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecan-2-ol, and (b) a variety of short-chain acids which were excreted in the urine. These included acetic, isobutyric, and 2-methylbutyric acids. CO2 was a very minor product, even following intravenous injection of phytane. Lipoidal intermediates in the degradation of phytane could not be detected, suggesting that the initial attack on the molecule was rate-limiting. Urinary excretion products were apparent following oral but not intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration of phytane. However, the tertiary alcohol was produced following both oral and intraperitoneal administration. ...

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Phytane (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

phytane

A hydrocarbon found in rock specimens 2.5-3 billion years old. Known to be synthesized only by living organisms (is a derivative of chlorophyll) and to withstand heat and pressure, so helps to date the existence of life on earth.|The distribution of pristane and phytane relative to the neighboring n-C17 and n-C18 peaks has been used to aid in the identification of crude oils and to detect the onset of biodegradation.|The ratio of dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene and the ratio of pristane to phytane, when coupled together, provide a ... way to infer crude oil source rock depositional environments and lithologies. Such knowledge can significantly assist in identifying the source formation(s) in a basin thereby providing valuable guidance for further exploration.

A method for separating n-paraffins from petroleum hydrocarbons in foods was developed. The method consists of 5 initial steps: digestion of sample with alkali, silica gel column chromatography, molecular sieve adsorption, destruction of the sieve with HCl, and oxidation with KMnO4. Recoveries of n-paraffins added to 55 g oyster at a level of 0.36 ppm ranged from 80% for normal pentadecane to 100% for n-paraffins over 18 carbon atoms. This method also facilitated the analysis of iso-paraffins such as pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) and phytane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane), and other hydrocarbons ... .|This paper describes a new extraction method for the determination of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) in soil and sediment samples, using continuous microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) combined with liquid-liquid extraction, for clean-up purposes. Analytical determinations were carried out by gas chromatography coupled with impact ionization mass spectrometry. The influence of the experimental conditions was tested using an agricultural soil spiked with standards (stored at 4 degrees C for 1 month) as reference soil. Maximum extraction efficiencies (80-90%) were achieved using 0.1-1.0 g of sample, 60microl of water and 3 mL of n-hexane (extractant) and 5 min of extraction time; less than 70% of the most volatile hydrocarbons (C(9)-C(12)) were recovered since many evaporated during the drying step of the sample. MAE was compared with a conventional extraction method such as Soxhlet and a good agreement in the results was obtained (average recovery percentage value of 105% by comparing MAE against Soxhlet). Quality parameters such as linear range (0.5-800 ug/g), limits of detection (LODs) (0.1-0.2 ug/g) and precision (RSD, 4-6%) were determined using spiked soil samples. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of aliphatic hydrocarbons (C(9)-C(27) including pristane and phytane) in contaminated real samples.

Lipids -> Prenol Lipids [PR] -> Isoprenoids [PR01] -> C20 isoprenoids (diterpenes) [PR0104]