Benzo[j]fluoranthene

252.31

252.31

205-910-3

P63HLW88W8

3077

DTXSID8052691

Yellow plates from alcohol, needles from acetic acid|Orange needles from benzene and alcohol|Yellow plates (recrystallized from ethanol); needles (recrystallized from acetic acid).

2902909090

0 Ų

6.40

White Solid

1.3±0.1 g/cm3

166 °C

480 °C

228.6±13.7 °C

1.887

2.5ug/L(temperature not stated)

2-8°C

2.7X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)

Flammable; burning produces irritating fumes

Henry's Law constant = 2.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.4X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 deg C (est)

Dust/air mixture may ignite and explode. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Vigorous reactions, sometimes amounting to explosions, can result from the contact between aromatic hydrocarbons, such as BENZO(J)FLUORANTHENE, and strong oxidizing agents. They can react exothermically with bases and with diazo compounds. Substitution at the benzene nucleus occurs by halogenation (acid catalyst), nitration, sulfonation, and the Friedel-Crafts reaction.

III

6.1(b)

3077

3

45-50/53-63-43-36/37/38-23/24/25-67-52/53

45-53-61-60-36/37-24/25-23-26

DF6300000

T,N

Ventilated, low temperature and dry

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.

P201-P261-P273-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313

H315-H319-H335-H336-H350-H373-H412

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas fired type, in which a first stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Benzo(j)fluoranthene (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers.

National Toxicology Program. Fourteenth Report on Carcinogens (2016). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Benzo(j)fluoranthene (205-82-3) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. /Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/index-1.html]|U.S. Dept Health & Human Services/Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry; Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Update) (1995) NTIS# PB/95/264370

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)

|Danger|H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]|P201, P202, P273, P281, P308+P313, P391, P405, and P501|Warning|H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]|P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one piece & close fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|Respirator Recommendations: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: /Coal tar pitch volatiles/[Table#4733]|Respirator Recommendations: Escape conditions: /Coal tar pitch volatiles/[Table#4734]

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one piece & close fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak tight. Horizontal laminar flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Benzo(j)fluoranthene (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.2 mg/cu m. /Coal tar pitch volatiles (benzene soluble fraction), anthracene, BaP, phenanthrene, acridine, chrysene, pyrene/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.1 mg/cu m (cyclohexane-extractable fraction). /Coal tar pitch volatiles/|NIOSH considers coal tar pitch volatiles to be potential occupational carcinogens. NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. /Coal tar pitch volatiles/

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of benzo(j)fluoranthene stem from its toxicologic properties. Exposure to this orange to yellow, crystalline substance may occur from its use as an experimental carcinogen in biochemical research, or from its ubiquitous presence in the products of incomplete combustion from such activities as coal tar distillation, petroleum refining, and the combustion of wood, coal, oil, and gasoline. Ventilation should be employed to prevent exposure. However, in activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a respirator and protective suit (preferably one piece, disposable, closely fitting at the ankles and wrists), including gloves, hair covering, and overshoes. Smoking, eating, and drinking should be prohibited in benzo(j)fluoranthene work areas. Transport of this substance should be in a securely sealed container which is placed in a second unbreakable, leakproof container. Before implementing land disposal of benzo(j)fluoranthene, consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

Effluent from the Bekkelaget, Norway sewage treatment plant contained benzo(j)fluoranthene at a concentration of <3 ng/L following either dry or rainy days; sampling conducted Nov 1979(1). Residential coal and oil burning emits benzo(j)fluoranthene(2). Gasoline fueled vehicles also emit benzo(j)fluoranthene(2). A carbon black combustion product and coal tar contained benzo(j)fluoranthene at a concentration of 20 ug/g and 5.7 mg/g, respectively(3). The effluent channel from a coking plant contained benzo(j)fluoranthene in the sediments at concentration of 23 ug/g(4). Domestic fire soot from wood and coal contained benzofluoranthenes ((b), (j), and (k) isomers) at concentration ranging from 6 to 117 ppm with an average of 60 ppm for 12 samples collected at Christchurch, New Zealand(5). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was identified as a stack emission and a component of fly ash from municipal waste incinerators(6). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in emissions from noncatalyst and catalyst-equipped automobiles, emission rates were 6.0 and 0.54 ug/km, respectively(7). Benzo(b+j+k)fluoranthene was detected in exhaust extracts from a diesel engine and a gasoline engine at concentrations of 5.0 and 7.6 ng/m, respectively(8). Benzo(j+k)fluoranthene was detected in scrubber waste water from an aluminum smelters in Lista, Norway in 1991 at a concentration of 600 ng/L(9). A survey of digester sludge from 14 wastewater treatment plants in the UK detected a mean benzo(j+k)fluoranthene concentration of 2.2 mg/kg dry wt(10). The emission factor of benzo(j)fluoranthene from gasoline-powered vehicles with and without catalyst-equipment was 0.009 and 1.52 ug/km(11).

SEDIMENT: Sediment from the Duwamish River delta, WA contained benzofluoranthenes at an average concentration of 2440 ng/g(1). Sediments from three sites in Eagle Harbor and one at President Point, WA contained benzofluoranthenes at an average concentrations of 1800, 3000, 290 and 100 ng/g for 4, 9, 2 and 1 sample(s), respectively(2). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was also detected in sediments from the Elizabeth River, VA(3,4) and the Black River, OH(5). Two of 3 sediment samples from the NY, NY harbor contained benzo(j)fluoranthene concentrations of 60 and 70 ng/g(6). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in surficial sediments from the St. Mary's River in 1985 at concentrations from not detected to 17.0 mg/kg dry weight(7). Bottom sediments collected at a depth of 16 m from Lake George, a contaminated lake in northern MI, in Oct 1993 contained benzo(j)fluoranthene at the following concentrations, ng/g dry weight (core depth, cm): 566.9 and 845.2 (0 to 4); 277.7 and 303.7 (4 to 8); 1,103.3 and 1,152.2 (12 to 16); 359.2 and 190.6 (28 to 32); and 6.6 (44 to 48)(8).|SEDIMENT: Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in the sediments of 5 small lakes in Southern Finland(1). Sediments from Saguenay Fjord, Canada also contained benzo(j)fluoranthene(2). Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene was detected in Black Sea sediments (0 to 2 cm) at concentrations ranging from 8 to 180 ng/g dry weight(3). Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene concentrations in a sediment core from the Euxine Abyssal Plain were, ng/g (depth, cm): 275 (0 to 1), 93 (1 to 2), 38 (2 to 3), 18 (3 to 4), 2.2 (4 to 5), 0.7 (6 to 7), 0.3 (9 to 10), 0.6 (14 to 16), and 0.5 (20 to 22)(3). Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene was detected in sediment core sections collected near an uncontrolled hazardous waste dump in North Spain at concentrations ranging from 7.2 to 150 ug/g(4). Benzo(j,k)fluoranthene was detected in a sediment sample from Dokai Bay, Japan in Sept 1990(5). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in 30 sediment samples collected from 15 sampling sites of the Mediterranean Sea and the Grand Rhone river at concentrations ranging from not detected to 81.5 ng/g dry weight(6). Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene was detected in sediment samples collected from 8 sites of the Shinano River, Japan during 2005-2006 at concentrations of 3.0 to 674 ng/g dry wt(7).|SOIL: Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthenes were detected in coal tar contaminated soil from a site in Southern NJ at a concentration of 72.4 ug/g(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in the air of Sundsvall, Sweden(1). The winter, spring, summer and fall concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene in the ambient air of Hoyanger, Mosjoen, Ovre Ardal and Ardalstangen, Norway were 96, 57, 88 and 82; 28, 91, 125 and 31; 183, 92, 28 and 119; and 125, 54, 31 and 44 ng/cu m(2). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in the urban atmospheres of several cities in So Ontario, Canada(3). Atmospheric benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene concentrations measured at a street in the center of Copenhagen, Denmark in 1992 and 1993 were 9.5 and 7.9 ng/cu m, respectively(4). Mean atmospheric benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene concns on a street, in a city park, and on a bus street in Copenhagen were 9.3, 2.9, and 1.6 ng/cu m, respectively(4).|URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1981 summer, 1982 winter, 1982 summer and 1983 winter average concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene in the ambient air of Camden, NJ were 0.13, 0.58, 0.10 and 0.86 ug/cu m, respectively(1). From 1981 to 1983, the summer and winter maximum concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene in the ambient air of Camden, NJ were 1.40 and 4.87 ug/cu m, respectively(1). The 1981 summer, 1982 winter, 1982 summer and 1983 winter average concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene in the ambient air of Elizabeth, NJ were 0.09, 0.92, 0.10 and 0.70 ug/cu m, respectively(1). From 1981 to 1983, the summer and winter maximum concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene in the ambient air of Elizabeth, NJ were 1.61 and 5.55 ug/cu m, respectively(1). The 1981 summer, 1982 winter, 1982 summer and 1983 winter average concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene in the ambient air of Newark, NJ were 0.16, 1.06, 0.21 and 1.04 ug/cu m, respectively(1). From 1981 to 1983, the summer and winter maximum concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene in the ambient air of Newark, NJ were 6.50 and 10.3 ug/cu m, respectively(1). The 1981 summer, 1982 winter, 1982 summer and 1983 winter average concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene in the ambient air of Ringwood, NJ were 0.06, 0.24, 0.01 and 0.17 ug/cu m, respectively(1). From 1981 to 1983, the summer and winter maximum concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene in the ambient air of Ringwood, NJ were 0.13 and 0.81 ug/cu m, respectively(1). Ambient air in Newark, Elizabeth, Camden and Ringwood, NJ contained benzo(j)fluoranthene with geometric mean concn of 0.16, 0.09, 0.13 and 0.06 ng/cu m for 37, 33, 37 and 10 samples, respectively(2). Benzofluoranthenes were detected in aerosol samples from Kenmore Square, MA at a concentration of 3.22 ng/cu m(3).|URBAN/SUBURBAN: Concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene ranged from 26 to 105 ug/cu m with an average of 64 ng/cu m for 8 samples collected at Avonside, Christchurch, New Zealand(1). Concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene ranged from 30 to 107 ug/cu m with an average of 64 ng/cu m for 7 samples collected at Bealey Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand(1). Concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene ranged from 11 to 45 ug/cu m with an average of 23 ng/cu m for 12 samples collected at Manchester Avenue, Christchurch, New Zealand(1). Average concentration of benzo(j)fluoranthene ranged from 0.6 to 17.9 ng/cu m for 17 sites in Stockholm, Sweden(). Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene was detected in (the particulate and vapor phases) air samples collected from Kosnica, Croatia in Feb and Aug of 1990 at mean concentrations of 5.85 and 0.08 ng/cu m, respectively(3). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in airborne particulate matter collected from two locations in Riverdale, a suburb of Whitehorse, Yukon, during Dec 11-18, 1986 at mean concentrations of 138 and 14 ppm(4). The average benzo(b+j)fluoranthene concentrations detected from 9 roadside sites in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2005 was 2.3 ng/cu m in particulates and 0.12 ng/cu m in the gaseous phase(5). Air monitoring conducted at 17 sites in the United Kingdom between 1999 to 2007 detected benzo(b+j)fluoranthene concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 3.1 ng/cu m(6). Quarterly air monitoring conducted at 8 sites in the United Kingdom during 2009 detected pyrene concentrations ranging from 0.006 to 4.1 ng/cu m(6).|RURAL/REMOTE: Benzofluoranthenes were detected in aerosol samples from Quabbin Summit, MA at a concentration of 0.186 ng/cu m(1). Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene was detected in atmospheric particulate collected between 1/2 and 2/7/91 in the Antarctic at concentrations ranging from not detected to 169.0 pg/cu m(2). Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene concentrations in atmospheric particulate samples collected between 12/20/91 and 1/14/92 (12/16/91 and 1/10/93) in the Antarctic ranged from <1.0 to 158.0 (<1.0 to 74.0) pg/cu m; average 34 (17.9) pg/cu m(3). Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene was detected in (the particulate and vapor phases) air samples collected from Zavizan, Croatia in Feb and Aug of 1990 at mean concentrations of 2.08 and 0.18 ng/cu m, respectively(4).|SOURCE DOMINATED: Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in ambient air collected near a Horizontal Stud Soderberg plant at Jonquiere, Quebec, Canada(1). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in airborne particulate matter collected in Bahrain during the burning of oil fields in Kuwait in 1991, concentrations were 0.24, 0.36, 0.64, 0.13, and 0.34 ng/cu m on Jul 31, Aug 1, Aug 2, Aug 3, and Aug 4, respectively(2).

Benzo(j)fluoranthene has been detected in combustion products from polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene(1). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in side-stream cigarette smoke and wood smoke at mean concentrations of 1 and 13 ppm, respectively(2). Benzo(b+j+k)fluoranthene concentration of 14.5 ug/g occurs in particles from diesel exhaust according to SRM (Standard Reference Material) 1650a(3). The benzo(j)fluoranthene level in tobacco smoke from 10 domestic US cigarette brands ranged from 10.4 to 24.3 ng/cigarette(4). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in the emissions of fireplace combustion of yellow poplar, white ash, sweet-gum, mockernut hickory, loblolly pine and slash pine wood(5).|Benzo(j)fluoranthene concentrations in various emission sources(1).[Table#4735]

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Benzo(j)fluoranthene (B(j)F) is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It is used as experimental carcinogen in biochemical research. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Thrice weekly skin paintings of mice with a 0.1 or 0.5% solution of B(j)F in acetone induced carcinomas within seven to nine months in at least 95% of the animals, as well as producing papillomas. Benzo(j)fluoranthene was reported to induce mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 (his-/his+) at a concentration of 10 ug/plate in the presence of an exogenous metabolic system. Benzo(j)fluoranthene-4,5-diol is the major proximate tumorigenic metabolite of benzo(j)fluoranthene on mouse skin.

Benzo(j)fluoranthene occurs in fossil fuels(1).

There is no commercial production or known use for benzo(j)fluoranthene(1). Benzo(j)fluoranthene occurs ubiquitously as a product of incomplete combustion(1). It has been identified in mainstream smoke of cigarettes(2) and marijuana cigarettes(1), exhaust from gasoline engines(3), in emissions from burning of various types of coal, emissions from oil-fired heating, used motor oils, and smoked and broiled fish(1). Benzo(j)fluoranthene is released in stack emissions from waste incineration(4).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 600,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that benzo(j)fluoranthene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of benzo(j)fluoranthene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Benzo(j)fluoranthene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 2.7X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). PAHs with four or more rings, such as benzo(j)fluoranthene, are generally expected to be resistant to biodegradation(3). Benzo(j)fluoranthene absorbs strongly at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis on surfaces exposed to sunlight(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 600,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that benzo(j)fluoranthene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 4990(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 6.11(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). However, benzo(j)fluoranthene may not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms which contain microsomal oxidase, such as fish, as this enzyme enables the rapid metabolism of certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(5). PAHs with four or more rings, such as benzo(j)fluoranthene, are generally expected to be resistant to biodegradation(6). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Benzo(j)fluoranthene absorbs strongly at wavelengths >290 nm(7), and therefore is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis at water surfaces exposed to sunlight(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzo(j)fluoranthene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.7X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzo(j)fluoranthene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase benzo(j)fluoranthene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Benzo(j)fluoranthene absorbs strongly at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benzo(j)fluoranthene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Benzo(j)fluoranthene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Benzo(j)fluoranthene absorbs light strongly at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Laboratory studies have demonstrated that benzo(b+j+k)fluoranthene will react with vapor-phase OH and NO2 radicals when the compound is adsorbed to diesel exhaust particles(4).

An estimated BCF of 4990 was calculated in fish for benzo(j)fluoranthene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 6.11(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). However, benzo(j)fluoranthene may not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms which contain microsomal oxidase, such as fish, as this enzyme enables the rapid metabolism of certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(3). Using a database of measured fish biotransformation half-lives of PAHs(4), a fish biotransformation half-life of 3.4 days has been estimated for benzo(j)fluoranthene(1). "Apparent" bioconcentration factors (ratio between tissue and sediment concentrations) of 8.2 and 0.6 were measured in Polychaete sp. and Capitella capitata, respectively(5). Accumulation of benzo(j+k)fluoranthene in Lumbriculus variegatus after 28-day exposure to sediment core sections taken from a contaminated lake ranged from 9 to 217 ng/g wet weight(6).|... Some marine organisms have no detectable aryl hydrocarbons hydroxylase enzyme systems, namely: phytoplankton, certain zooplankton, mussels (Mytilus edulis), scallops (Placopecten sp), and snails (Litternia littorea). ... Those organisms which lack a metabolic detoxification enzyme system, tend to accumulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. /Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of benzo(j)fluoranthene can be estimated to be 600,000(SRC). A similar Koc of 813,000 was estimated for benzo(b+j+k)fluoranthene during soil desorption measuremnets(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these estimated Koc values suggests that benzo(j)fluoranthene is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for benzo(j)fluoranthene is estimated as 2.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that benzo(j)fluoranthene is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Benzo(j)fluoranthene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Benzo(j)fluoranthene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated) vapor pressure of 2.7X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

GROUNDWATER: Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in a coal tar contaminated aquifer in St Louis Park, MN(1).|SURFACE WATER: Benzo(j+k)fluoranthene concentrations ranged from about 1 to 10 ng/L in six stations located in the Guanabara Bay Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sampled from September 2011 to August 2012(1).|RAIN/SNOW: Rain water in Portland, OR contained benzo(j)fluoranthene at concentration of 0.26 and 2.9 ng/L for 2 of 7 samples collected between Feb 12 and April 12, 1984(1). Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene was detected in rain snow, and fog samples collected from Dubendorf, Switzerland in 1986 in the dissolved (particulate) phase, ng/L: snow 11 (110), winter rain 8.1 (30), spring rain 5.3 (14), summer rain 1.0 (14), and fog (1040)(2). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was detected in snowpack samples collected at various altitudes in the Tatra Mountains, Slovakia in 2005(3).

Twenty-one of 25 samples of margarines, butter and vegetable oils contained benzo(j)fluoranthene at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 91.0 ug/kg with an average concentration of 5.9 ug/kg(1). Benzo(j)fluoranthene was contained in smoke beef patties at concentrations ranging from 5 to 24 ug/kg(2).|In olive oil, plant cooking fat, plant oil and coconut oil, concentration ranged from 0.8-4.4 ug/kg, and in margarine from 2.3-10.5 ug/kg, the concentration being reduced by treatment with activated charcoal and steam.

Occupational exposure to benzo(j)fluoranthene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where benzo(j)fluoranthene is produced as a product of incomplete combustion of organic fuels. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to benzo(j)fluoranthene via inhalation of ambient air, inhalation of tobacco smoke, ingestion of food and dermal contact with particulate matter resulting from combustion(SRC). Since benzo(j)fluoranthene is a product of incomplete combustion(1), occupational situations involving heating organic material may result in exposure to this compound through inhalation of air particulate matter and dermal contact with combustion products(SRC).|Benzo(j)fluoranthene was found to be completely in the particulate phase in the workplace air of an aluminum plant at Soderbert, Norway at an average concentration of 4.6 ug/cu m(1). Benzo(b,j)fluoranthene was detected in air samples (taken at breathing height using personal sampling pumps) of 6 workers in a plant producing carbon anodes for aluminum electrolysis, worksite - concentration of benzo(b,j)fluoranthene (ug/cu m): forming section - 0.83 to 2.25; paste plant - 1.78 to 4.83; store section (broken green anodes and burned anodes) - 0.17 to 0.65; forming section - 1.91 to 3.71; store section (coke) paste plant - 0.17 to 1.97; and all worksites - 0.29 to 4.77(2).

The 9,10-dihydrodiol has been detected as a metabolite of benzo(j)fluoranthene in rat liver preparations.|The metabolites of benzo(j)fluoranthene (BjF) as formed in vitro using the 9000 from Aroclor-pretreated rats have been identified. Two dihydrodiols, trans-4,5- dihydroxybenzo(j)fluoranthene and trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo(j)fluoranthene have been identified as major metabolites by comparison of their spectral and chromatographic properties with those of pure synthetic standards. There was no evidence that any of the isomeric 2,3-dihydrodiol was formed as a metabolite of benzo(j)fluoranthene under these conditions. Neither of the metabolic dihydrodiols of benzo(j)fluoranthene were formed with a high degree of steroselectivity. The enantiomeric purity of te 4,5-dihydrodiol was 20% while that of the 9,10-dihydrodiol was 46%. At least four phenols were detected among the metabolites of benzo(j)fluoranthene These were identified as 3-,4-,6- and 10-hydroxybenzo(j)fluoranthene based upon comparison of their UV spectra and HPLC retention times with those of synthetic reference standards. Benzo(j)fluoranthene-4,5-dione was also identified as a metabolite under these incubation conditions.|The metabolism of benzo(j)fluoranthene (BjF) in vivo in mouse skin was investigated, trans-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo(j)fluoranthene (BjF-4,5-diol) and trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo(j)fluoranthene (BjF-9,10-diol) have been identified as major metabolites. In addition, 4- and 0-hydroxybenzol(j) fluoranthene and benzo(j)fluoranthene-4,5-dione have been tentatively identified among the metabolites formed in vivo in mouse skin. The enantiomeric purity of the metabolic dihydrodiols of benzo(j)fluoranthene as formed in vivo in mouse skin was determined. The major enantiomeric of benzo(j)fluoranthene-4,5-diol was present in 57-62% enantiomeric excess while that of benzo(j)fluoranthene-9,10-diol was present in 66-71% enantiomeric excess. In each case the later-eluting enantiomer on chiral stationary-phase high performance liquid chromatography predominated. The tumor-initiating activity of trans-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzol(j) fluoranthene (BjF-2,3-diol), trans-4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzol(j) fluoranthene, trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzol(j)fluoranthene, and benzo(j)fluoranthene was evaluated on the skin of female CD-1 mice. As a total initiation dose of 3 umol/mouse trans-4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo(j)fluoranthene resulted in a 100% incidence of tumor-bearing mice with 5.0 tumors/mouse. In comparison, benzo(j)fluoranthene-9,10-diol elicited a 60% incidence of tumor-bearing mice with 1.7 tumors/mouse, while benzo(j)fluoranthene-2,3-diol was inactive. At the same dose, benzo(j)fluoranthene gave rise to a 90% incidence of tumor-bearing mice with 7.8 tumors/mouse. At a 1 mumol dose, trans-4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo(j) fluoranthene induced a 78% incidence of tumor-bearing mice with 4.5 tumors/mouse while benzo(j)fluoranthene gave rise to a 70% tumor incidence with 3.4 tumors/mouse. These studies indicate that while trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo(j) fluoranthene could contribute to the overall tumorigenic activity of benzo(j)fluoranthene in mouse skin, trans-4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzol(j)fluoranthene is a more potent tumor initiator in the target tissue.

299.99 Days

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)|Carcinogens

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. (ERG, 2016)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

benzo(j)fluoranthene

A reference material of certified high purity is available.

There is no commercial production or known use of this compound.

For the separation of benzo(j)fluoranthene from other substances by chromatography and subsequent spectroscopy, several procedures have been published. They include paper chromatography; column chromatography; thin-layer chromatography ... used for detection in air; fluorescence spectroscopy; and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy.|OSW Method 8100. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Capillary Gas Chromatography with a Flame Ionization Detector, CGCFID.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens