Nicarbazin

426.38

426.128784

206-359-1

11P9NUA12U

7171

DTXSID6034762

Crystals|Light yellow, fine powder

2933599090

174

5.13840

Yellow or greenish yellow powder, odorless , with a bit of smell

0.5 g/ml

265-267 °C

414.8ºC at 760 mmHg

204.7ºC

1.6000 (estimate)

DMSO: soluble0.5mg/mL

0-6°C

Characteristic odor

pH = 5-7 (1% suspension in water)

Nicarbazin is a complex of two compounds, 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC, 302.35 molecular weight) and 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinol (HDP, 124.14 molecular weight). DNC is considered the active ingredient while HDP aids in adsorption.|The dry crystals are strongly electrostatic and present some drying problems.

NONH for all modes of transport

3

36/37/38

26-36

FE0900000

Xi

P261-P305 + P351 + P338

H315-H319-H335

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal.|Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it.

A tolerance of 4 parts per million is established for residues of nicarbazin in uncooked chicken muscle, liver, skin, and kidney.|New animal drugs for use in animal feeds. Nicarbazin. a) Specifications. Type A medicated articles containing 25 percent nicarbazin. (b) Approvals. See Nos. 000986, 060728, and 066104 in §510.600(c) of this chapter for use as in paragraph (d) of this section. (c) Related tolerances. See §556.445 of this chapter. (d) Conditons of use. It is used in chicken feed as follows: [Table#7140]

Neither flammable or explodable based on formulation ingredients.

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label.|After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash.

Causes moderate eye irritation. Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Avoid contact with eyes or clothing. Wear protective eyewear. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum, or using tobacco. Wear: Long-sleeved shirt and long pants, Socks, Shoes, and gloves.|Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or building supply stores.|Indoor Applications. If the label directions permit, leave all windows open and fans operating after the application is completed. If the pesticide product is only effective in an unventilated (sealed) room or house, do not stay there. Put all pets outdoors, and take yourself any your family away from treated areas for at least the length of time prescribed on the label. Apply most surface sprays only to limited areas such as cracks; don't treat entire floors, walls, or ceilings. Don't let pesticides get on any surfaces that are used for food preparation. Wash any surfaces that may have pesticide residue before placing food on them.|Outdoor Applications. Never apply pesticides outdoors on a windy day (winds higher than 10 mph). Position yourself so that a light breeze does not blow pesticide spray or dust into your face.

Causes moderate eye irritation.

Based on the rat acute oral LD50 toxicology data, an acute single ingestion for a child (15 kg or 33 lbs) would have to exceed 60 kilograms (132 pounds) of bait ... to cause lethal effects in 50% of the population.

LD50 Mouse oral approx 4,000 mg/kg /2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (HDP)/|LD50 Rat oral > 10,000 mg/kg bw|LD50 Mouse oral > 18,000 mg/kg bw /4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC)/|LD50 Mouse oral > 25,000 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat dermal > 5,000 mg/kg

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ /Nicarbazine/ causes reproductive effects in several bird species. ... Low concentrations of nicarbazin fed in the diet will adversely impact avian reproduction (which is to be expected given its mode of action). For example, significantly reduced egg production and hatchability of fertile eggs was reported at a dietary concentration of 25 ppm when fed to chickens for only four days, and eggshell pigmentation was reduced after only two days of feeding. These effects were even more pronounced at dietary concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm. In several studies, negative impacts on egg hatchability in chickens fed 20 ppm nicarbazin in the diet for only 9 to 10 days have been reported in several studies. In another study, mortality occurred in chickens fed 1600 and 2500 ppm nicarbazin in food ration, and depressed growth and reduced egg hatchability was seen at lower concentrations.|/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ... By the 2nd week of nicarbazin treatment, egg production was significantly reduced in birds fed 125 and 200 ppm (P<0.05). Similarly, increasing levels of nicarbazin resulted in decreasing egg weights (P<0.01) and feed intake was significantly decreased. By the 2nd week post-nicarbazin treatment, egg production, egg weight, and feed intake had returned to normal. Nicarbazin had no effect on egg shell deformation or body weight. 125 and 200 ppm reduced hatchability significantly (P<0.01) as well as producing an increased incidence of malpositions and malformations. When nicarbazin was withdrawn from the diet, hatchability returned to pretreatment values although malpositions and malformations were still in evidence. Effect of nicarbazin on production of brown-shelled eggs: dietary nicarbazin resulted in significant loss of shell color at 20 and 40 ppm, whereas 80, 125, and 200 ppm, brown eggs lost virtually all their color.|/BIRDS and MAMMALS/....Mallards were given gelatin capsules containing 0, 8.5, 17.0, or 33.75 mg of NCZ/kg of BW perorally once daily for 14 d. Fecal 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) and fluorescein were evaluated as potential markers of plasma and egg DNC levels. Plasma, egg, and fecal DNC levels differed among treatment groups in a dose response relationship. There were no significant effects on the numbers of eggs laid per female per day, proportion of fertile eggs, proportion of eggs hatching, or egg yolk mottling. Hatchability was 0.55 +/- 0.1 in the control group compared with 0.26 +/- 0.1 in the 33.75 mg/kg of BW group. Degeneration of the vitelline membrane was evident at all treatment levels; severity was dose-related and greater in the outer vitelline membrane than the inner vitelline membrane. No significant health effects were observed for birds treated with NCZ. The heterophil:lymphocyte ratio was elevated during the treatment and posttreatment periods in all groups, indicating birds were experiencing stress due to handling. Fecal DNC levels did not correlate well with plasma DNC levels, likely due to NCZ being administered as a bolus dose rather than being fed ad libitum. Fluorescein correlated well with plasma DNC levels during the treatment period and can therefore be used successfully as a noninvasive marker to determine the approximate amount of NCZ a bird is consuming. ...|/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ...Using broilers not acclimated to heat stress, nicarbazin increased /heat production/ (P<0.05) (9.5 vs. 9.0 kcal/hr per MWT) and body temperature (P=0.08), reduced (P<0.05) respiration rate, and had no impact on /evaporative heat loss/ or /sensible heat loss/ (P>0.1). In contrast, the bird acclimated to heat stress exhibited similar (P>0.1) thermobalance responses irrespective of nicarbazin supplementation.

Nicarbazin concentrations in liver of chickens reared on the ground and fed diets containing this compound ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg(1). Levels in the litter were 80 to 100 mg/kg(1). In samples from cage-reared chickens, nicarbizin was not detected from the 9th day after withdrawal(1).

/VET:/ Nicarbazin has been used in starter rations for several decades as an aid in the prevention of fecal and intestinal coccidiosis in broiler chickens. It may be used in combination with ionophore coccidiostatics.|/VET:/This coccidiostat /nicarbazin/ is used in broilers.

/VET:/ It should not be fed to layers, as it can cause discoloration and reduced hatchability of eggs (although the effect is reversible once the nicarbazin is withdrawn). It also may result in reduced heat tolerance in birds exposed to high temperature and humidity;

Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals. (See all compounds classified as Coccidiostats.)

Rats received single oral doses of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg bw nicarbazin; one animal at each dose was killed 6 or 18 hr after treatment, and the blood concentrations of the phenylurea and pyrimidone components were determined. Low concentrations of the phenylurea component were detected at 6 hr, but it was not detected at 18 hr. The pyrimidone component was found at considerably higher concentrations, which increased between 6 and 18 hr. Qualitatively similar findings were obtained in rats given oral doses of 0.1, 1, or 5 mg/kg bw per day for eight days and killed 4 or 24 hr after the last dose. The blood concentrations of the pyrimidone component were dose-related, while those of the phenylurea component showed a flat response. In the latter experiment, urine collected for 5 hr after the last dose contained dose-related concentrations of each component of nicarbazin, although the concentrations of the pyrimidone were an order of magnitude higher than those of the phenylurea component|...Nicarbazin, in the form of 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), was detected in 39 of the 190 eggs analysed. ... The concentrations of both the DNC and 4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxypyrimidine (DHP) components of the drug in eggs were proportional to feed levels. The maximum feed nicarbazin concentration of 12.1 mg/kg (8.6 mg/kg DNC and 3.5 mg/kg DHP) gave rise to mean maximum whole egg concentrations of 631 micrograms/kg DNC and 51.8 micrograms/kg DHP. After withdrawal of the experimental diet, DNC was undetectable in eggs after 12 days and DHP after 3 days. Feed contaminated with nicarbazin at concentrations greater than about 2 mg/kg gave rise to egg DNC residues at concentrations greater than the Differential Action Limit (DAL) set by the UK (100 micrograms/kg). DNC was contained almost entirely in the yolk of the egg, whereas DHP was distributed between albumen and yolk in a ratio of approximately 3:1.

Nicarbazin interferes with the formation of the vitelline membrane, separating the egg yolk and egg white. The exact mode of action is unknown, although it is thought nicarbazin interferes with cholesterol metabolism in the formation of the membrane. Eggs from treated birds are described as mottled in appearance, reflecting a porous vitelline membrane. The effect on hatchability is a function of time and dose and the effect is reversible.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

Nicarbazin

OvoControl-G (0.25% bait); Nicarbazin 30% Granulated premix

Urea, N,N'-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-, compd. with 4,6-dimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (1:1): ACTIVE|The use of OvoControl G is limited to sites in urban areas such as office parks, recreational parks, golf courses, schools, hospitals, restaurants, and commercial and industrial sites. Urban is defined as a municipality and its adjacent areas with a population of 50,000 or more. It may also be used at land airports holding FAA certifications under 14 Code of Federal Regulations 139.101 and having a wildlife hazard management plan under 14 Code of Federal Regulations 139.337.|Equimolar complex of 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylprimidine

Method: AOAC 956.11; Procedure: spectrophotometric method; Analyte: nicarbazin; Matrix: feeds; Detection Limit: not provided.

Animal Drugs -> FDA Approved Animal Drug Products (Green Book) -> Active Ingredients|Veterinary Drug -> ANTIPROTOZOAL_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes

Veterinary Drug -> ANTIPROTOZOAL_AGENT;