3-Methylpyridine

93.13

93.13

1366

203-636-9

B083J4KF7F

0802

18251

2313

DTXSID9021897

Colorless liquid

29333999

12.9

1.20

Clear yellow Liquid

0.9566 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-18.1 °C

143-144 °C

97 °F

n 20/D 1.504(lit.)

H2O: soluble ;alcohol: miscible(lit.)

Flammables area

4.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

3.2 (vs air)

Oral-Rat LD50: 400 mg/kg; Abdominal cavity-mouse LD50: 596 mg/kg

In case of open flame, high temperature, oxidant is more flammable; heated to produce toxic nitrogen oxide gas

1.3-8.7%(V)

Sweetish, not unpleasant odor

5.63(at 25 °C)

7.73e-06 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 7.73X10-6 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C

5.63 (at 25 °C)|pKa 5.68 at 20 °C; Ka 2.09X10-6 at 20 °C|pKa = 5.63 at 25 °C

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.30X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C

Highly Flammable. Water soluble.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Highly Flammable

BETA-PICOLINE may react with oxidizing materials (NTP, 1992). Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

1000 °F (USCG, 1999)|488 °C (910 °F) at 1,009 hPa (757 mmHg)

37.35 kJ/mol at 144.14 °C; 44.44 kJ/mol at 25 °C

Critical temperature: 644.8 K; critical pressure: 4.63 MPa

III

3

UN 2313 3/PG 3

1

10-20/21/22-34-36/37/38-22

16-26-36/37/39-45-36

TJ5000000

C,Xn

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and acids

Explosive when mixed with air

Stable. Flammable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with oxidizing agents.

P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H226-H302-H311 + H331-H314

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Waste treatment methods. Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

... Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.|Incompatible materials: Acids, acid chlorides, oxidizing agents, chloroformates.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Vapors may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flashback. Forms explosive mixtures in air. Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions. (USCG, 1999)|Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 38 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

|Danger|H226 (89.14%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1915 companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

Self contained breathing apparatus, protective clothing, rubber boots, and heavy rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)|Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. ... Wearing positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Picolines/

Moderate fire risk.|Flammable when exposed to heat or flame.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.3-8.7

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Picolines/

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx).

Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapours can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.|Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 3-METHYLPYRIDINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Picolines/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Picolines/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Picolines/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Picolines/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 3-METHYLPYRIDINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. /Picolines/|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. /Picolines/

3-Methylpyridine caused eye irritation ... in one worker ... .

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes and skin. The vapour is irritating to the respiratory tract. Exposure at high levels could cause unconsciousness.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 38 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. 3-Methylpyridine is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Oil shale condensate retort water contained 3-methylpyridine at 6.5 mg/L(1).

URBAN: 3-Methylpyridine was not detected in the air of downtown Boulder, CO in Nov 1982(1).|INDOOR: A mean concentration of 0.14 ug/cu m 3-methylpyridine was reported in samples of air taken from non-smoking homes in Columbus, OH over one week in February 1991 (n=24; range=0.00 to 0.51 ug/cu m); in smoking homes, a mean concentration of 0.68 ug/cu m 3-methylpyridine was reported (n=25; range=0.00 to 2.40 ug/cu m)(1).|REMOTE: 3-Methylpyridine was not detected in the air from a undeveloped location in CO in Nov. 1982(1).|SOURCE DOMINATED: In Nov. 1982, 3-methylpyridine was detected in the air outside an oil shale wastewater facility of Occidental Oil Shale Inc. at Logan Wash, CO(1).

3-Methylpyridine was detected in cigarette smoke at concentrations ranging from 12 to 36 ug/cigarette(1). In a home personal exposure survey of nonsmoking married women, 3-methylpyridine was elevated in those homes where the husband was a smoker(2).

moderately

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 3-Methylpyridine is a colorless liquid. It is used as a solvent; intermediate in dye and resins industries; in manufacture of insecticides, waterproofing agents, niacin and niacinamide. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: 3-Methylpyridine caused eye irritation, gastro-intestinal disturbances and central nervous system (CNS) effects in one worker and may have produced liver abnormalities and facial skin eruptions in another. ANIMAL STUDIES: 3-Methylpyridine was a marked skin irritant in rabbits and guinea-pigs and has caused severe eye irritation in rabbits.. It has affected electrophysiological parameters in rats. Moderate acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity was demonstrated in laboratory animals, the principal site of toxic attack being the CNS. Repeated inhalation exposure resulted in increased liver weight in rats. 3-Methylpyridine was tested in three independent bacterial gene mutation studies; all studies gave negative results in S. typhimurium or E. coli tester strains, with and without exogenous metabolic activation. In vivo, no significant increases in the frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes were observed in peripheral blood of male or female mice. In NTP cancerogenicity studies there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of 3-methylpyridine in male mice based on increased incidences of alveolar/ bronchiolar adenoma and alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined). There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of 3-methylpyridine in female mice based on the increased incidences of alveolar/ bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in the lung and of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma in the liver. In the similar studies in rats there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of 3-methylpyridine in male rats. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of 3-methylpyridine in female rats based on increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma and alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined).

The three IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f) quinoline) compounds IQ, MeIQx (2-amino-3,4-dimethyl (4,5-f) quinoxaline) and MeIQ (2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline) have been found in boiled pork juice. To determine which Maillard reaction products are important in the formation of IQ-type mutagens in boiled pork juice, six Maillard reaction products were separately added to the porkjuice before reflux boiling and then the mutagenicity of each sample was examined with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S9 mix. The addition of four Maillard reaction products enhanced the mutagenicity of pork juice 1.2-2.9-fold after reflux boiling. The highest level of enhancement was observed with tetrahydrothiophene, followed by 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, 3-methylpyridine and 2-methylpyridine. However, the addition of 2-acetylpyrrole and imidazole greatly inhibited the mutagenicity of pork juice.|3-Methylpyridine partially relieved the ataxia induced by tri-o-cresyl phosphate in hens.

LD50 Mouse iv >596 mg/kg|LD50 Rat i.p. 150 mg/kg

Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to beta-picoline (greater than 96% pure) in drinking water for 3 months or 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes.|3-MONTH STUDY IN MICE Groups of 10 male and 10 female mice were exposed to 0, 78, 156, 312, 625, or 1,250 mg beta-picoline/L drinking water for 14 weeks (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 10, 20, 37, 77, or 148 mg beta-picoline/kg body weight to males and 9, 18, 38, 72, or 134 mg/kg to females). All mice survived to the end of the study. Mean body weights and water consumption were generally similar among exposed and control groups of male and female mice. Lung weights of 1,250 mg/L females were significantly less than those of the controls. No histopathologic lesions were attributed to beta-picoline exposure.|3-MONTH STUDY IN RATS Groups of 10 male and 10 female core study rats were exposed to 0, 78, 156, 312, 625, or 1,250 mg beta-picoline/L drinking water for 14 weeks (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 6, 11, 22, 38, or 70 mg beta-picoline/kg body weight to males and 6, 12, 23, 38, or 64 mg/kg to females). Special study groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were exposed to the same concentrations for 23 days for determinations of cytochrome P450 enzyme activity. All rats survived to the end of the study. Mean body weights of males and females exposed to 625 or 1,250 mg/L were significantly less than those of the controls. Water consumption by 625 and 1,250 mg/L males and females was less than that by the controls at weeks 1 and 13 due to poor palatability. On day 23, hepatic 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity was significantly increased in 312 mg/L or greater males and in 156 mg/L or greater females compared to that in the controls. Absolute liver weights of 625 and 1,250 mg/L males and absolute and relative liver weights of 625 and 1,250 mg/L females were significantly less than those of the controls. The Markov transition matrix analyses of estrous cyclicity indicated female rats in the 312 and 625 mg/L groups had a significantly higher probability of extended estrus than the control females, suggesting a potential for beta-picoline to be a reproductive toxicant in female rats exposed to these concentrations. The severity of chronic progressive nephropathy was increased in 625 and 1,250 mg/L males and that of hyaline droplet accumulation in proximal renal tubules was increased in 1,250 mg/L males. The concentrations of renal a2u-globulin were significantly increased in 312 mg/L or greater males compared to the controls.|2-YEAR STUDY IN MICE Groups of 50 male and 50 female mice were exposed to 0, 312.5, 625, or 1,250 mg beta-picoline/L drinking water for 105 weeks (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 26, 50, or 92 mg beta-picoline/kg body weight to males and 18, 37, or 68 mg/kg to females). Survival of all exposed groups was similar to that of the control groups. Mean body weights of 1,250 mg/L males were 10% less than those of the control group after week 57, and those of 1,250 mg/L females were generally 10% less after week 13. Water consumption by exposed groups of males and females was similar to that by con-trols during the first 13 weeks of the study; water consumption by 625 and 1,250 mg/L males and 1,250 mg/L females was less than that in the controls after week 13. In the liver of females, there were significantly increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma in the 312.5 mg/L group and hepatocellular carcinoma in all exposed groups. The combined incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma were significantly increased in all exposed females. In the lung, the incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma in 625 mg/L males was significantly increased. The incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma occurred with a positive trend in females. The incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar carcinoma were increased in all exposed groups of females. The incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) was significantly increased in 1,250 mg/L females. The incidence of alveolar epithelium hyperplasia was significantly increased in 1,250 mg/L females. In the nose, there were significantly increased incidences of olfactory epithelium respiratory metaplasia in 625 mg/L males and 1,250 mg/L males and females; the incidence of olfactory epithelium atrophy was significantly increased in 1,250 mg/L females.|For more National Toxicology Program Studies (Complete) data for 3-METHYLPYRIDINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3-Methylpyridine's production and use as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals, pesticides, waterproofing agents and other compounds and as a solvent for resins and dyes(1,2) may result in its release to the environment from various waste streams(SRC). 3-Methylpyridine is also released to the environment via effluents from the manufacture and use of coal-derived liquid fuels and the disposal of coal liquefication and gasification waste byproducts(3-6). In addition, 3-methylpyridine is found in cigarette smoke(6,7).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 115(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-methylpyridine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 3-methylpyridine is 5.63(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Soil studies with 2-methylpyridine(5), a compound expected to have similar sorption properties as 3-methylpryidine(SRC), demonstrated that Koc can vary with pH with lowest adsorption occurring in the non-ionized form(5). Volatilization of 3-methylpyridine from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 7.73X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(6). 2-Methylpyridine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 6.05 mm Hg at 25 °C(7). 3-Methylpyridine is expected to biodegrade fairly rapidly in aerobic soil; however, under anaerobic conditions, this compound may be persistent(8,9). 3-Methylpyridine was added to aerobic Fincastle silt loam for a period of 32 days; 69.3% of the available nitrogen was released after this time(8). However, in an aerobic surface soil experiment, only 35% biodegradation was reported in 3 months while in anaerobic surface soil, under denitrifying and sulfidogenic conditions, 50 and 10 to 20% of the initially added 3-methylpyridine was biodegraded, respectively, in 3 months(9).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 115(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-methylpyridine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 7.73X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 and 37 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.20(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Low bioconcentration was reported for BCF tests using carp (Cyprinus carpio)(7). Rapid biodegradation under aerobic conditions is likely although 3-methylpyridine seems resistant to biodegradation under anaerobic conditions(8,9). 3-Methylpyridine was rapidly biodegraded in acclimated aerobic natural waters with complete removal within 2 to 4 days(8). However, in sulfidogenic estuarine sediments, 3-methylpyridine was not biodegraded over 200 days(9). 3-Methylpyridine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). The UV absorption spectrum of 3-methylpyridine in aqueous solution shows no absorption >290 nm(10); therefore, 3-methylpyridine is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-methylpyridine, which has a vapor pressure of 6.05 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-methylpyridine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.30X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The UV absorption spectrum of 3-methylpyridine in aqueous solution shows no absorption >290 nm(4); therefore, 3-methylpyridine is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 3-methylpyridine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 2.30X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 3-Methylpyridine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). The UV absorption spectrum of 3-methylpyridine in aqueous solution shows a UV maximum at 262.5 nm, but no absorption >290 nm(3); therefore, 3-methylpyridine is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 3-methylpyridine(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.20(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Low bioconcentration was reported for tests using carp (Cyprinus carpio)(4), however actual BCF values were not available(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 3-methylpyridine can be estimated to be 115(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 3-methylpyridine is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa of 3-methylpyridine is 5.63(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Soil studies with 2-methylpyridine(5), a compound expected to have similar sorption properties as 3-methylpryidine(SRC), demonstrated that Koc can vary with pH with lowest adsorption occurring in the non-ionized form(5).

The Henry's Law constant for 3-methylpyridine is 7.73X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 3-methylpyridine is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 37 days(SRC). 3-Methylpyridine's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 3-Methylpyridine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 6.05 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). 3-Methylpyridine is a weak base with a pKa of 5.63(4), which indicates this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in acidic conditions, and no volatilization from water or moist soil will occur for the cation(SRC).

DRINKING WATER: 3-Methylpyridine was listed as a contaminant found in drinking water for a survey of US cities including Pomona, Escondido, Lake Tahoe and Orange Co, CA; and Dallas, TX; Washington, DC; Cincinnati, OH; Philadelphia, PA; Miami, FL; New Orleans, LA; Ottumwa, IA; and Seattle, WA(1).|GROUNDWATER: 3-Methylpyridine was detected in groundwater samples near a coal gasification site near Hoe Creek in northeastern WY(1). 3-Methylpyridine was found at concentrations of 1.23, and 0.30, 0.20, and 0.01 mg/L at depths of 6.1, and 3.3, 5.8, and 11.0 meters, respectively, at two different sites of wood preserving chemical contaminated groundwater in Pensacola, FL(2). 3-Methylpyridine was identified in groundwater contaminated by wood preserving chemicals at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L(3).|SURFACE WATER: 3-Methylpyridine was identified in streamwater contaminated by wood preserving chemicals at a concentration of 0.0007 mg/L(1).

Concentrations of 3-methylpyridine in 3 commercial fermented soybean curds from Hong Kong were 17.9, 21.0, and 54.6 ug/kg(1). 3-Methylpyridine was identified as a volatile component of boiled beef(2) and mutton(3).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 3-methylpyridine is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 5,202 workers (390 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 3-methylpyridine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 3-methylpyridine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3-methylpyridine is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 3-methylpyridine via inhalation of ambient air, and ingestion of food and drinking water(SRC). Cigarette smokers or those exposed to second-hand smoke are likely to inhale 3-methylpyridine(2). Workplace exposures have also been documented; a 1982 study showed 3-methylpyridine was emitted to the air from wastewaters at a shale oil facility exposing inside workers(3).

The % uptake of 3-methylpyridine by rats increased with dosage; elimination occurred in 2 phases, the duration of which also was dose dependent. Addition of a methyl group to pyridine greatly increased the rate of uptake into liver, kidney & brain or rats.

Intraperitoneal admin to guinea pigs, rabbits, mice, & ferrets resulted in urinary excretioN of the N-oxide (approx 10% in rats, 40% in mice & guinea pigs).|Urinary excretioN of pyridine n-oxide was incr iN mice pretreated with phenobarbitone, compared to controls. 3-Methylcholanthrene had no appreciable effect.|N-Oxidation is a minor route for 3-methylpyridine biotransformation with 6.6, 4.2, & 0.7% biotransformation of the dose, respectively, being excreted in the urine of mice, rats & guinea pigs receiving ip doses of the chemical.

The position of the methyl group drastically influenced the pharmacokinetics of the methylpyridines, with 3-methylpyridine exhibiting the longest biological halflife.

HARMFUL if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin. Material is extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, eyes and skin. Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation of larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. Symptoms of exposure may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea and vomiting. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orortracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonistic such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/CASE REPORTS/ Poisoning in 32 yr old male industrially exposed to vapors was characterized by autonomic disturbances against asthenic background (angiodystonia, tendency toward hypotonia & bradycardia, incr of pilomotor reflex, & disturbances of thermoregulation) & by polyneuritic phenomena.|/CASE REPORTS/ A 58 yr old man occupationally exposed to beta-picoline for 11 yr showed an incr in liver glutamic pyruvic transaminase & glutamic oxalacetic transaminase.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ 3-Methylpyridine caused eye irritation, gastro-intestinal disturbances and central nervous system (CNS) effects in one worker and may have produced liver abnormalities and facial skin eruptions in another.

3-methylpyridine

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat. Unconsciousness. Weakness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin. Redness. Burning sensation. Pain. Blisters. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

ESSENTIALLY 100% AS A CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATE

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Pyridine, 3-methyl-: ACTIVE|Pyridine bases are a constituent of tars. They were isolated from coal tar or coal gas before synthetic manufacturing processes became established. The amounts contained in coal tar and coal gas are small, and the pyridine bases isolated from them are a mixture of many components. Thus, with a few exceptions, isolation of pure pyridine bases was expensive. Today, almost all pyridine bases are produced by synthesis. /Pridine bases/

A gas chromatographic method using a flame ionization detector and a recorder with no detection limit reported.

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