Solvent Yellow 34

267.36874

267.37

207-762-5

73O74R443B

3077|1602

DTXSID7043821

YELLOW OR COLORLESS PLATES FROM ALCOHOL

2925290090

30.33000

3.33450

C.i. solvent yellow 34 appears as yellow crystalline powder or yellow needles.

1.383 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

136 °C

330.5 °C

193 °F

1.4400

H2O: 27.9 g/L (20 º C)

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should b

8.31E-07mmHg at 25°C

4.38 (vs air)

IS WEAK BASE THAT FORMS SALTS WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID, SULFURIC ACID.

CATIONIC

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

C.I. SOLVENT YELLOW 34 neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. May generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides.

UN 3077 9 / PGIII

3

22-36-40-51/53

36/37-61

BY3500000

Xn,N

P273-P281-P305 + P351 + P338

H302-H319-H351-H411

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U014, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for AURAMINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

DACRE JC ET AL; PROBLEM DEFINITION STUDIES ON POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS. V. PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, TOXICOLOGICAL, & BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 7 CHEMICALS USED IN PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS; REPORT; USAMBRDL-TR-7704; DTIC NUMBER AD-A090631, 101, (1979). A DATA BASE & SUMMARY REGARDING AURAMINE.|COMBES RD, HAVELAND-SMITH RB; A REVIEW OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF FOOD, DRUG AND COSMETIC COLORS AND OTHER AZO, TRIPHENYLMETHANE AND XANTHENE DYES; MUTAT RES 98 102 (1982). AURAMINE IS CONSIDERED TO BE A PRO-CARCINOGEN DESPITE EVIDENCE SHOWING IT TO BE INACTIVE USING IN VITRO CELL TRANSFORMATION.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P264, P270, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P330, P337+P313, P391, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P330, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for AURAMINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

INJURIOUS TO ... HUMAN EYES.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of auramine stem from its toxicologic properties. Exposure to this yellow or colorless crystalline substance may occur from its manufacture and use as a yellow dye for paper, textiles, leather, oils, waxes, lacquers, pen inks, and typewriter ribbons; and as an antiseptic for use in nose and ear surgery, and the treatment of gonorrhea. Effects from exposure may include injury to the eyes. Also, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has designated auramine as a Group 2B carcinogen, meaning, "The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans". Mechanical exhaust ventilation equipped with a high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) should be used to minimize airborne levels of auramine. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear protective clothing and a carefully fitted respirator. If contact should occur, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, and wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. Contaminated clothing should be removed and discarded or cleaned before reuse. Smoking, drinking, and eating should be prohibited in auramine work areas. Auramine should be stored in a securely sealed, watertight container, which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container.

U014; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

U014; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when auramine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Auramine manufacture and use as a paper, colorboard, textile and leather dye(1), an antiseptic in nose and ear surgery(1), in gonorhea treatment, and as a fungicide(2), may result in its release to the environment.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If auramine is released to soil, it will be expected to have low mobility(1,SRC) based upon an estimated Koc of 2000 which was calculated(2,SRC) from an estimated log Kow of 3.5(3) and a suggested classification scheme(1). Auramine will not, therefore, be expected to leach in soil(1,SRC). It may be subject to slow hydrolysis based upon the slow measured rate of hydrolysis observed in aqueous media at pH 5-9 at 25 °C(4). Auramine may slowly biodegrade in soil based upon data from aqueous aerobic activated sludge screening tests(4). Volatilization should not be an important removal process from moist near surface soil(SRC) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.05X10-8 atm-cu m/mole which was calculated(6,SRC) from an estimated water solubility(5,SRC) and an estimated vapor pressure(6,SRC). Based upon its estimated vapor pressure(1), volatilization of auramine from surfaces and dry near surface soil will probably not be significant processes(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: If auramine is released to water, it may be subject to direct photolysis based upon its strong absorption of light at wavelengths >290 nm(1,SRC). It will be subject to very slow hydrolysis based upon measured neutral and acid catalyzed hydrolysis rate constants of 3.9X10-4 h-1 and 5.5 M-1 h-1 at 25 °C, respectively(1,SRC), which correspond to half-lives of 65 days at pH 5 and 74 days at pH 5-9(8,SRC). It may be subject to photooxidation by various oxidants present in natural waters including hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen based upon estimated and measured rate data for aromatic amines as a class(2,3,SRC). Auramine may slowly biodegrade in natural water based upon data from aerobic activated sludge screening tests(4). Volatilization should not be an important removal process from water based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.05X10-8 atm-cu m/mole which was calculated(5,SRC) from an estimated water solubility(6,SRC) and an estimated vapor pressure(6,SRC). Auramine will not be expected to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms based upon an estimated BCF of 288 which was calculated(5,SRC) from an estimated log Kow of 3.5(7). It will be expected to adsorb to sediment and particulate matter based upon an estimated Koc of 2000 which was calculated(5,SRC) from an estimated log Kow of 3.5(7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If auramine is released to the atmosphere, it is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases(1), based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2). Auramine may be susceptible to direct photolysis in the atmosphere based upon its strong absorption of light at wavelengths >290 nm(3,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of auramine with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 2.05X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 1.9 hrs at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm (4,SRC).

Auramine will be subject to very slow hydrolysis based upon measured neutral and acid catalyzed hydrolysis rate constants of 3.9X10-4 h-1 and 5.5 M-1 h-1 at 25 °C, respectively(1,SRC). These rate constants correspond to half-lives of 65 days at pH 5 and 74 days at pH 5-9 (1,SRC). Auramine may be susceptible to direct photolysis based upon its strong absorption of light at wavelengths >290 nm(2,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of auramine with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 2.05X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 1.9 hrs at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm (3,SRC). Auramine may be susceptible to photooxidation by various oxidants present in natural waters including hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen based upon estimated and measured rate data for aromatic amines as a class(4,SRC) including the structurally similar dimethylaniline(5,SRC).

An estimated BCF of 90 can be calculated(1,SRC) from an estimated log Kow of 3.5(2). This estimated BCF indicates that auramine will not be expected to significantly bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC).

2.04e+03 L/kg|An estimated Koc of 2030 can be calculated(1,SRC) from an estimated log Kow of 3.5(2). This estimated Koc indicates that auramine will be expected to adsorb to soils, sediment, and suspended particulate matter(3,SRC) and that the compound will be expected to be slightly mobile in soil(3,SRC).

Based upon an estimated water solubility of 11 mg/l(1) and an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), the Henry's Law constant for auramine has been calculated to be 8.05X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(2,SRC). This value for the Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization of auramine from surface waters and near surface moist soil should not be important processes(2,SRC). Based upon its estimated vapor pressure(1), volatilization of auramine from surfaces and near surface dry soil will probably not be significant processes(SRC).

Occupational exposure to auramine will be primarily by dermal routes(1,SRC).|NIOSH (NOHS Survey 1972-1974) has statistically estimated that 726 workers are potentially exposed to auramine in the USA(1).

... IN THE UNITED KINGDOM ... AURAMINE HAS COME INTO PROMINENCE AS A POWERFUL ANTISEPTIC FOR USE IN NOSE & EAR SURGERY. ... A SPECIALLY PURIFIED AURAMINE, SOLD UNDER NAME OF GLAURAMINE, IS USED AS AN ANTISEPTIC IN THE TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA. /FORMER USE/

Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents.)|Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) (See all compounds classified as Disinfectants.)|Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS. (See all compounds classified as Coloring Agents.)

ALTHOUGH THE REQUIREMENT FOR METABOLIC ACTIVATION REGARDING AURAMINE IS UNRESOLVED, IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE A PRO-CARCINOGEN. IT POSSESSES METHYLATED AMINO GROUPS. IT WILL UNDERGO RESONANCE CONJUGATION RENDERING THE AMINO N ATOM POSITIVELY CHARGED & THUS MORE PRONE TO HYDROXYLATION. THE DIRECT ACTIVITY OF AURAMINE VARIOUSLY REPORTED MAY BE DUE TO WEAK ELECTROPHILICITY AT THE UNSUBSTITUTED POSITIVELY CHARGED CENTRAL N ATOM IN THE OTHER EXTREME RESONANCE FORM.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)|Carcinogens

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. (ERG, 2016)

INJURIOUS TO ... HUMAN EYES.|THE MFR OF AURAMINE LED TO BLADDER CANCER IN /MALE EMPLOYEES/.|No data were available on the genetic and related effects of auramine in humans.|ONE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY INDICATES THAT THE OPEN MFR OF AURAMINE PRESENTS AN OCCUPATIONAL BLADDER CANCER RISK.

Auramine

Benzenamine, 4,4'-carbonimidoylbis[N,N-dimethyl-: ACTIVE|In the United States ... virtually all the dye companies /have/ discontinued use of the compound.|Auramine and its hydrochloride salt have been used in large amounts as a yellow dye for the coloring of paper and color board, and to a lesser extent for certain textiles and leather.|AURAMINE HAS BEEN INCORPORATED IN DRUGS, HAS MISCELLANEOUS LABORATORY APPLICATIONS & HAS BEEN USED AS AN ANTI-TUMOR AGENT IN VIEW OF ITS CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS.

AURAMINE WAS SEPARATED BY TWO-DIMENSIONAL PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens