Thiophene

84.13960

84.14

203-729-4

SMB37IQ40B

1190

405073

2414

DTXSID8026145

COLORLESS LIQUID

29349990

28.24000

1.74810

Thiophene appears as a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Insoluble in water and slightly denser than water. Flash point 30°F. Vapors heavier than air. Irritates the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Used to make pharmaceuticals and dyes.

1.06494 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-39.4 °C

84.0 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

-9ºC

1.527-1.529

Miscible with carbon tetrachloride, heptane, pyrimidine, dioxane, toluene, and many organic solvents (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992)

Flammables area

81.7mmHg at 25°C

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 2.9

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1400 mg/kg

vol% in air: 1.52.5

SLIGHT AROMATIC ODOR RESEMBLING BENZENE

9.53e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

0.00 atm-m3/mole

CYCLIC ORGANOSULFUR; HIGHLY REACTIVE|MAY BE HEATED TO 850 °C WITHOUT DECOMP|hydroxyl radical rate constant = 9.53X10-12 cu m/molc-sec @ 25 °C

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Highly Flammable

THIOPHENE reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents and concentrated nitric acid causing fire and explosion hazards [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 899]. A mixture of thiophene and N-nitrosoacetanilide exploded at 0°C [Ber., 1887, 30, 367].

395 °C

-2807 kJ/mol

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible. As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.

32.483 kJ/mol

Critical temperature: 317 °C; Critical pressure: 4.53X10+6 Pa

II

3

UN 2414

3

R11; R20/22; R36; R52/53

S16-S36/37/39-S61

XM7350000

F; Xn

Fireproof. Separated from oxidizing materials.

Stable. Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, nitrates.

P201-P210-P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P311

H225-H302-H315-H318-H331-H335-H340-H350

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Explosive reaction with N-nitrosoacetanilide. Violent or explosive reaction with nitric acid. Incompatible with oxidizing materials.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. (ERG, 2016)|Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Danger|H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 256 companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P314, P321, P332+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)

A VERY DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.5-12.5

FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.|/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for THIOPHENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Fireproof. Separated from oxidizing materials.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with oxidizing agents. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Thiophene was detected, not quantified, in the gas emissions of a Norwegian waste incinerator(1). Thiophene was detected at concentrations of 20-620 ppb in the leachate of a shale oil processing facility(2). Thiophene was detected in air samples above wastewater from shale oil processing facilities in Colorado and Utah at concentrations of 1-10 ng/l(3).

Naturally occurring source of thiophene is petroleum(1,2).

Thiophenes's production and use as an organic synthesis reagent and solvent(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 230(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow of 1.81(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that thiophene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of thiophene is expected from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from an experimental vapor pressure of 79.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(4) and water solubility of 3,020 mg/l at 25 °C(5). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is expected based upon the vapor pressure of this compound(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 230, determined from an experimental log Kow of 1.81(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that thiophene may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Thiophene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC),determined from an experimental vapor pressure of 79.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(4) and water solubility of 3,020 mg/l at 25 °C(5). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 and 89, hours respectively(6,SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), experimental BCF values in the range of 2-7 measured for carp(8), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation is not expected to be an important fate process for this compound(SRC). Using a standard BOD dilution technique and an activated sludge inoculum, a theoretical BOD of 0% was observed during a 2 week incubation period(8). No biodegradation was observed when thiophene was incubated in an aquifer slurry for a period of 1 year(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), thiophene, which has an experimental vapor pressure of 79.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase thiophene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and nitrate radicals with experimental atmospheric half-life of about 40 hours and 2.5 nighttime hours, respectively(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of thiophene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 9.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 40 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5.0X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of thiophene with photochemically-produced nitrate radicals has been measured as 3.9X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.5 nighttime hours at an atmospheric concentration of 2.0X10+9 nitrate radicals per cu cm(2,SRC). Thiophene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis or direct photolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups to hydrolyze or absorb UV radiation at environmentally significant wavelengths(SRC).

8.91|Experimental BCF values in the range of 2-7 were measured for carp(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of thiophene is estimated as approximately 230(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.81(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that thiophene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for thiophene is estimated as 2.9X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental value for vapor pressure, 79.7 mm Hg(1), and experimental water solubility, 3,020 mg/l(2). This value indicates that thiophene will volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 3 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 89 hours(3,SRC). Thiophene's Henry's Law constant(SRC) and vapor pressure indicates that volatilization from moist and dry soil surfaces is important(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: Trace concentrations of thiophene were detected, not quantified in Antarctic lakes and waterways(1).

Thiophene was detected in the volatiles of Idaho Russet baked potatoes(1) and meat volatiles(2).

Occupational exposure to thiophene may occur through inhalation or dermal contact at facilities where this compound is produced(1). The general population will be exposed to thiophene through the ingestion of contaminated food or water(SRC).

RABBITS FED THIOPHEN 150 MG/KG EXCRETED ABOUT 35% OF DOSE UNCHANGED IN EXPIRED AIR & 0.5% IN FECES.|(35)S-LABELED THIOPHENE APPLIED TO RABBIT SKIN OR INJECTED IP INTO RATS WAS IMMEDIATELY INCORPORATED INTO SKIN.|(35)S-LABELED THIOPHENE (250 MUCI) ADMIN ONCE SC TO RATS WAS RAPIDLY ABSORBED INTO BLOOD STREAM, DEPOSITED IN MAJOR ORGANS, & EXCRETED WITH URINE. URINE ANAL SHOWED 61.1% OF ISOTOPE WAS EXCRETED WITHIN 34 HR & 74.4% WITHIN 3 DAYS.|FOLLOWING RECTAL & ORAL ADMIN OF (14)C-LABELED THIOPHENE (33 MG/KG), PULMONARY EXCRETION WAS 40% & 5%, RESPECTIVELY.

THIOPHEN IS METABOLIZED IN VIVO TO PREMERCAPTURIC ACID AND 2-THIENYL-MERCAPTURIC ACID.|RABBITS FED THIOPHEN 150 MG/KG EXCRETED 40% OF DOSE IN URINE IN FORM OF 2 MERCAPTURIC ACIDS, BELIEVED TO BE THIENYL 3-MERCAPTURIC ACID & THIENYL 2-MERCAPTURIC ACID.|MAJOR METABOLITE OF THIOPHENE (200-300 MG/KG, ORALLY) IN RATS & RABBITS WAS 3-HYDROXY-2,3-DIHYDRO-2-THIENYLMERCAPTURIC ACID & 2-THIENYLMERCAPTURIC ACID WAS MINOR METABOLITE. IN RAT 32% OF THIOPHENE EXCRETED UNCHANGED IN EXPIRED AIR & 40% EXCRETED IN URINE AS MERCAPTURIC ACIDS.

0.15 Days

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

For immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Sulfur and related compounds/|For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eye immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

In man, tiophene has caused skin irritation and may induce sensitization responses. Nausea, itching and jaundice were seen in a woman repeatedly taking thiophene in suppositories.

Thiophene

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

Cough. Dizziness. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Thiophene: ACTIVE|THIOPHENE IS A SULFUR-CONTAINING FLAVOR COMPOUND FORMED BY MAILLARD REACTIONS IN HEAT-PROCESSED COFFEE AND BEEF. /FROM TABLE/|/THIOPHENE IS A/ SOLVENT SIMILAR TO BENZENE, BUT SUITABLE FOR LOWER & HIGHER TEMPERATURES...|STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED ON DEODORIZATION CATALYSTS. THIOPHENE WAS USED AS MODEL IN LOW CONCN RANGE.|MILK XANTHINE OXIDASE CATALYZED THE OXIDATION OF CROTONALDEHYDE WHEN PRESENT AS A SUSPENSION IN THIOPHENE OR IN OTHER NONPOLAR SOLVENTS.|FOUND IN COAL TAR, IN COAL GAS & TECHNICAL BENZENE.

ANALYTE: THIOPHENE; MATRIX: AIR; RANGE: 0.05-GREATER THAN 7 MG/CU M; PROCEDURE: ADSORPTION ON CHARCOAL, DESORPTION WITH TOLUENE, GC ANALYSIS.|PARTITION CONSTANT FOR THIOPHENE IN AQ SOLN WAS DETERMINED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY IN WASTEWATER.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree