p-Anisaldehyde

136.15

136.15

471382

204-602-6

9PA5V6656V

5590

TSCA listed

DTXSID2026997

Clear colorless to yellow

29124900

26.30000

1.8

Liquid

1.121

-1 °C

248 °C(lit.)

116ºC

n20/D1.573(lit.)

Miscible with acetone, alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene. Immiscible with water.

Refrigerator

<1 hPa (20 °C)

4.7 (vs air)

LD50 orally in rats: 1510 mg/kg (Jenner)

Non flammable

sweetish odor

Sweet powdery, spicy creamy, spice anise, nutty, cherry pit and almond-like nuances.

7 (2g/l, H2O, 20℃)

2.4×101mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Ji et al. (2008)

Assay: 97.5% min (97-99%); congealing point: -1 °C min; acid value: 6 max|Conversion factors: 1 mg/L = 180 ppm; 1 ppm = 5.6 mg/cu m|UV: 3456 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /o-Anisaldehyde/

220 °C

Store below +30°C.

I; II; III

IRRITANT

UN 3316 9/PG 2

1

Xn,Xi,T,F

26-36-45-36/37-16-7

BZ2625000

Xn

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

P201, P202, P273, P281, P308+P313, P405, P501

22-36/37/38-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-R22-36/38

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents.

Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions. (a) They are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice. (b) They consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part. p-Anisaldehyde is included on this list.

UN 3316 9/PG 2

|Warning|H302 (97.55%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 3938 companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]|P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, and P501

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Combustible liquid

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

A skin irritant

In 1999, ortho-, meta-, and para-anisaldehyde, had a reported combined emission factor of 0.38 mg/L for light duty passenger vehicles, emissions were measured in inside the Caldecott tunnel on Highway 24 near San Francisco Bay, California(1); a study conducted in July and August 2006, measuring emissions from inside the Caldecott tunnel omitted isomers of anisaldehyde due to analytical method limitations(2). Anisaldehyde (as the combined isomers ortho-, meta-, and para-) was detected in light- and heavy-duty vehicle exhaust at the Pennsylvania Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel inlet at 0.0058 ug/m cu and outlet at 0.014 ug/m cu with a calculated emission factor of 0.017 mg/km(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: p-Anisaldehyde was detected in ambient air samples collected from Roseville, California, in summer 2006 and winter 2006/2007, at average concentrations of 6.9-7.4 ng/m cu and 1.2-2.1 ng/m cu, respectively(1).

p-Anisaldehyde has been identified as a constituent of tobacco, tobacco smoke, and tobacco smoke substitute(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: p-Anisaldehyde is oily liquid. It is used in perfumery and toilet soaps. It is also used in organic syntheses. p-Anisaldehyde is also an intermediate in many industrial processes. HUMAN STUDIES: When tested at 10% in petrolatum, it produced no irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test on human subjects. A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was tested at a concentration of 10% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions. p-Anisaldehyde was positive for sister chromatid exchange in human lymph oocytes but not Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in vitro. ANIMAL STUDIES: In a combined oral repeated-dose/reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test in rats, decreased body weights, decreased platelets and hypertrophy of hepatocytes were noted at 100 mg/kg/day. In reproduction studies, it showed significantly reduced fertility index, number of pups/litter, delivery index and number of live pups at 500 mg/kg/day. It was not mutagenic in bacteria but it was mutagenic in mouse lymphoma cells in vitro.

It has been suggested that aromatic aldehydes may reduce cytochrome c. Therefore, interaction of the aromatic aldehydes, p-anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde, p-tolualdehyde, p-carboxybenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde and p-nitrobenzaldehyde, with rat liver mitochondria was examined in vitro. Although both pyruvate/malate- and succinate-mediated respiration, as well as that mediated by other citric acid cycle intermediates, were inhibited by the aromatic aldehydes (0.5 to 1.0 mM), cytochrome c oxidase was not inhibited by aromatic aldehydes (1.0 to 20 mM). There was a marked inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase and both ADP- and DNP-stimulated respiration by benzaldehyde (2 to 20 mM). Since both pyruvate/malate- and succinate-mediated respiration were inhibited by the aromatic aldehydes without inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase, several sites of inhibition, possibly both at the site of transport of substrates and the active enzymes, may exist. Benzaldehyde, 300 uM, inhibited pyruvate/malate-mediated state 3 respiration by 50% which suggests that no additional functional group or metabolism to another species is required for these inhibitory effects.

LD50 Rat oral 1510 mg/kg|LD50 Guinea pig oral 1260 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal >5 g/kg

p-Anisaldehyde is a metabolic product of odoriferous fungus Lentinus Lepidus; of wood rotting fungus Polyporus benzoinus; of Daldaldea juniperina(1). p-Anisaldehyde occurs in many essential oils, often together with anethole(2). The compound is reportedly found in essential oils and extracts of vanilla, acacia farnesiana, magnolia salicifolia maxim, eric arborea, pirus communis, and boswellia serrata; also in anise, fennel and star anise (especially when aged due to oxidation of anethol), cranberry, black current, cinnamon and basil(3).

p-Anisaldehyde's production and use in perfumery and toilet soaps, in organic synthesis, as an intermediate for antihistamines, electroplating(1,2), and in flavor compositions for confectioneries and beverages(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 53(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.76(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that p-anisaldehyde is expected to high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of p-anisaldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.29X10-2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 4.29X10+3 mg/L(5). p-Anisaldehyde has a vapor pressure of 3.29X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(4) and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions; therefore, p-anisaldehyde may volatilize from dry soil. A 99% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 53(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.76(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that p-anisaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.29X10-2 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 4.29X10+3 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 20 days and 230 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 6.7(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 99% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(7) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), p-anisaldehyde, which has a vapor pressure of 3.29X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase p-anisaldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). p-Anisaldehyde absorbs UV light at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of p-anisaldehyde with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). p-Anisaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). p-Anisaldehyde absorbs UV light at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 6.7 was calculated in fish for p-anisaldehyde(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.76(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of p-anisaldehyde is estimated as 53(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.76(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that p-anisaldehyde is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for p-anisaldehyde is estimated as 1.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.29X10-2 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 4.29X10+3 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that p-anisaldehyde is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 20 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 230 days(SRC). p-Anisaldehyde's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). p-Anisaldehyde has a vapor pressure of 3.29X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(1) and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions; therefore, p-anisaldehyde may volatilize from dry soil(SRC).

p-Anisaldehyde was detected at mean concentrations of 74.2, 47.4,.and 16.3 ug/kg, in honeydew honey extracts from holm-oak, oak, and forest honeys, respectively(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 13 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of p-anisaldehyde in the United States may be as low as 10 workers and as high as fewer than 500 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 100,333 workers (61,328 of these are female) were potentially exposed to p-anisaldehyde in the US(1). Occupational exposure to p-anisaldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where p-anisaldehyde is produced or used. Use data and limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to p-anisaldehyde via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, smoking cigarettes and dermal contact with plant essential oils and consumer products containing p-anisaldehyde. (SRC)

Anisic aldehyde undergoes a very slight degree of demethylation with oxidation of its aldehyde group to an acid group, the major metabolite excreted being anisic acid.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Considering administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Anisic aldehyde ... /was/ tested at 10% in petrolatum, it produced no irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test on human subjects.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was tested at a concentration of 10% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions.|/GENOTOXICITY/ /Benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy/ was positive for sister chromatid exchange in human lymph oocytes but not Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in vitro.

4-anisaldehyde

Liquid and crystals, the latter being the disulfite compound.

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy-: ACTIVE

Anisaldehyde was determined in anise and fennel plant extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavoring Agents