The Revolution of Agricultural Management Style in China Rises Quietly

China's agricultural and rural areas have witnessed great changes in the past 40 years of reform and opening up. Everyone can see this change, but it seems difficult to see the whole leopard. Under the confusion of phenomena, if there is no renewal and upgrading of the concept system, it may lose the determination to persist in reform.

Thanks to farmers'considerable freedom of choice, the powerful penetration of the market has room for action. China's rural areas are no longer a simple small-scale peasant world, and China's agriculture is no longer a simple self-sufficient agriculture. This progress is not only the sustained and sufficient supply of grain, but also the quiet reform of the agricultural management organization system. This is my basic understanding of China's agricultural and rural areas over the years. Here, two case studies are used to prove this judgment.

Agricultural organizational structure has undergone fundamental changes, presenting a unique landscape of agricultural specialization division of labor in China

A common administrative village in Handan, Hebei Province, where the author has been following up for more than 20 years. Up to now, the registered population of the village is still growing slowly, but the agricultural organizational structure has undergone fundamental changes. Rural households no longer use traditional farm tools, the village can not find a few hoes. In fact, the labor force of most households in the village has ceased to go to the ground. They either transfer their land to big farmers and become "no landlords" or "household landlords" who own the right to contract for land. They either spend money to buy labor services, from planting to receiving by professional households, and they become "bookkeeping households" or "landside households". These peasant households are not real agricultural practitioners, and of course they are not traditional smallholders. If this village is representative in the main grain-producing areas, it is estimated that the grain producers in China will subtract a considerable proportion from the total number of household registered households. China's 210 million small farmers are overestimated. This is a special landscape of agricultural specialization in China, which has far-reaching significance for the improvement of agricultural efficiency in China. There is a profound misunderstanding in the theoretical circle about the above situation, which is that there exists a so-called "traditional small farmers + specialized services" mechanism. This needs clarification. Under the background of rapid urbanization, the marriage between traditional small farmers and service providers is very short. Rural households will soon find that it's better to work outside on a few acres of land, leaving the field operation behind. The hostess of a rural household is not only not bound by agriculture, but also can take her children to the city. If there is no way to enter the city for the time being, rural households are reluctant to cooperate with service providers in order to reduce their leisure costs. The example is that rural households in the Western urbanized backward areas prefer to use livestock farmland. Here, it is not the inaction of service providers, but the basis of inaction does not exist. Farmer households are big farmers in a truly sustainable "farmer + specialized service" organization. This is the universal law.

There are some problems in the current pattern of agricultural specialization division of labor; of course, this pattern also has its own problems.

First, population distribution. The current population distribution in urban and rural areas does not match the changes of industrial structure in urban and rural areas, and it also does not meet the requirements of improving the quality of urban and rural residence. A large number of people separated from agriculture are scattered in villages. Because of the small population size and the low efficiency of public services, the so-called equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas has a huge cost. But I believe that this problem will gradually ease with the advance of urbanization and policy adjustment. We should clearly realize that this is not a problem of agriculture and farmers, but a problem of coordination of many policies in urbanization. The second is the real agricultural problem. Although the level of agricultural specialization in China has been significantly improved, the profitability and competitiveness of professional farmers are still not complimentary. The high rent rate keeps the cost of professional farmers high. The decentralization of contractual rights in the hands of rural contractors can not allow open transactions, so that the benefits of land consolidation can not be brought into play. Even if the scale of land management of professional farmers is relatively large, it can not change the passive position of top agricultural operators in excessive market competition. In fact, European and American farmers can not escape this pattern. Among their total income, the proportion of real farming is about 20%. Under this background, how to ensure that farmers'income level does not affect the sustainable development of agriculture? The experience of Europe and the United States is to form a mechanism for professional farmers to share the income of the agricultural industry chain, rather than rely mainly on government subsidies.

Emerging Internet Enterprises have brought opportunities for China's agriculture to overtake in bends

Are there any ways for us to overtake in bends? I see a hope in another case study. China's newly emerging Internet enterprises have driven businessmen to set up tropical fruit bases in Sanya, Hainan and other places, and directly sell mango and other agricultural products to consumers through the platform. Over the past few years, the large-scale operation system of tropical fruit industry chain evolved from this base can reveal the most significant characteristics of modern agriculture.

Firstly, by virtue of the powerful function of information integration of Internet enterprises, it creates conditions for the large-scale operation of the whole agricultural industry chain. The platform provides convenience for consumers to "assemble goods", reduces transportation and marketing costs, and ultimately reduces product prices; in turn, it promotes the expansion of sales scale and forms a virtuous circle. Depending on this scale advantage, the division of labor in links can also generate independent business entities. Fruit picking and land handling are undertaken by the labor force of local households. The selection, packaging and transportation to the distribution center shall be the responsibility of the agent company.