In 1987, Kreysig first clearly described the anatomical features of tricuspid atresia, namely the lack of direct communication between the right ventricle and the right atrium. In 1861, Schuberg first used the term tricuspid atresia to describe this malformation. Although several cases were reported in English literature in the 19th century, it was not until 1917 that Hess officially adopted the term tricuspid atresia in the literature. In 1906, Kuhen reported that the great arteries of patients with tricuspid atresia could be normal or transposed. Tricuspid atresia is a cyanotic congenital heart disease with an incidence of about 1-5% of congenital heart diseases. It ranks third among cyanotic congenital heart diseases after tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries. The main pathological changes are tricuspid atresia or absence of the tricuspid valve orifice, patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect, mitral valve and left ventricular hypertrophy, and right ventricular hypoplasia.