The third generation of oral cephalosporins kill bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. They are stable to most β-lactamases and have good antibacterial effects on Gram-positive cocci such as pneumococci and Streptococcus pyogenes, and Gram-negative bacilli such as Haemophilus influenzae (including enzyme-producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including enzyme-producing strains), Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including enzyme-producing strains). In vitro, they also have antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Parainfluenzae, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Providencia, Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter heteromorphis, and Citrobacter malonate, but their clinical effectiveness has not yet been established. They have poor antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus, and have no antibacterial effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Bacteroides fragilis, and Clostridium.

This product is a new generation of macrolide antibiotics, mainly acting on Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, chlamydia and mycoplasma. Its in vitro antibacterial effect is similar to that of erythromycin, and its activity against streptococci, Haemophilus ducreyi, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, oral or vaginal anaerobic bacteria is similar to that of erythromycin; its effect on Campylobacter, Bordetella pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae is not as good as that of erythromycin; it also has an inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most atypical mycobacteria, Campylobacter jejuni, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Pasteurella multocida; it has no antibacterial activity against G bacteria. Some bacteria have cross-resistance to erythromycin and this product, and this product is particularly effective against mycoplasma, chlamydia and Legionella infections. Its in vivo antibacterial effect is 1 to 4 times stronger than that of erythromycin.

This product is a new generation of macrolide antibiotics, mainly acting on Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, chlamydia and mycoplasma. Its in vitro antibacterial effect is similar to that of erythromycin, and its activity against streptococci, Haemophilus ducreyi, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, oral or vaginal anaerobic bacteria is similar to that of erythromycin; its effect on Campylobacter, Bordetella pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae is not as good as that of erythromycin; it also has an inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most atypical mycobacteria, Campylobacter jejuni, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Pasteurella multocida; it has no antibacterial activity against G bacteria. Some bacteria have cross-resistance to erythromycin and this product, and this product is particularly effective against mycoplasma, chlamydia and Legionella infections. Its in vivo antibacterial effect is 1 to 4 times stronger than that of erythromycin.

Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin with an antibacterial spectrum similar to that of cephalothin, but its antibacterial activity is poorer than that of the latter. Except for Enterococcus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, most strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, hemolytic Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus that produces or does not produce penicillinase are sensitive to this product. This product has a good antibacterial effect on Neisseria, but Haemophilus influenzae is less sensitive to this product; this product has a certain antibacterial effect on some Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella and Shigella. The remaining Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides fragilis are resistant to this product. Fusobacterium and Veillonella are generally sensitive to this product, and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci are moderately sensitive to this product.

This product is a first-generation cephalosporin, which has good antibacterial effect on some strains of Gram-positive cocci such as non-penicillinase-producing and penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, group A hemolytic Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans Streptococcus. Anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria are mostly sensitive to this product, while Bacteroides fragilis is resistant to it. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci and Enterococci are resistant to this product. The effect of this product on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is similar to that of cephalexin. This product has a certain effect on Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and is also active against enzyme-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae; its activity against Haemophilus influenzae is poor.