99% High Purity Anti-aging NMN Raw Powder β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide CAS 1094-61-7

β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide More Info

β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide derived from ribose, nicotinamide, nicotinamide riboside, and niacin. It is an endogenous molecule present in mammalian tissues and in small quantities in plants like edamame, broccoli, and cucumber. NMN is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), essential for energy metabolism and the activation of PARP and Sirtuin proteins. The terms NMN and β-NMN are used interchangeably because only the β isomer is biologically active.

Mechanism of Action

NMN serves as an NAD+ precursor. Four different mammalian NAD+ biosynthesis metabolic pathways have been identified:
De novo pathway originating from L-tryptophan.
Preiss-Handler pathway originating from nicotinic acid (NA).
Salvage pathway starting from nicotinamide (NAM), synthesizing NAD+ through a two-step enzymatic reaction where NAM is converted to NMN.
Conversion pathway from nicotinamide riboside (NR), where NR is converted to NMN by nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK1 and NRK2), followed by NAD+ biosynthesis.
NMN is converted to NAD+ by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT). In Bacillus subtilis, NadE catalyzes the direct synthesis of NMN from NaMN and participates in the NAD+ salvage pathway to further enhance NMN production.

Applications

NMN has been studied in animal models as a potential neuroprotective and anti-aging agent. The reversal of aging at the cellular level by inhibiting mitochondrial decay in the presence of increased levels of NAD+ makes it popular among anti-aging product9. NMN is used as an active ingredient in anti-aging drugs or health-care products.

Routes of Administration

Oral administration is a common route. Studies suggest NMN is absorbed via the small intestine and converted to NAD+. Genetically engineered strains of Bacillus subtilis can synthesize NMN from glucose. Drugs or health-care products containing β-nicotinamide mononucleotide can be in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, aqueous solutions, enteric-coated preparations, or injections.

Safety and Side Effects

NMN is considered highly safe as a drug or health-care product. No adverse events were reported by Japanese consumers in the past 2 years. Single-dose administration of up to 500 mg has been shown to be safe in men. In healthy adult men and women, oral doses of 1250 mg of β-NMN daily for up to 4 weeks was safe and well-tolerated. Side effects are usually mild but might include nausea, bloating, and skin problems such as itching and sweating.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, NMN is completely absorbed from the intestine into the bloodstream. All NMN is absorbed into the tissues after 15 minutes and immediately stored as NAD+ in tissues such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and cortex. This induces NAD+ in the liver for about 30 minutes.

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