I. Discovery of Equol
Equol (Eq) was first isolated by Martian in 1932 from the urine of pregnant horses (equine). It belongs to diphenol with estrogen-like effect, and its Chinese name is equol, which is the reason why its name is associated with horse.
This is the reason why the name is associated with horses. Since then, Eq has been found in the urine of many other animals, and in 1980 scientists reported finding Eq in humans. Its role in the treatment of estrogen deficiency was first suggested in 1984.
The Equol has two Eq has two enantiomers, R-Equol and S-Equol , The Equol which produced by Daidzein is S-Equol , however, the Synthetic Equol is a mixture of R-Equol and S-Equol. Shaanxi Creative Herb Biotechnology Co,.ltd supply Synthetic Equol with igh purity .
II. Overview of Equol
Eq uol is a metabolite of soy isoflavones under the action of intestinal microflora, with a wide range of biological activities, with estrogen-anti-estrogen dual action, antioxidant effect, immunoregulatory function and health care function. Eq uol is a metabolite of soy isoflavones under the action of intestinal microflora, and has a wide range of biological activities, including estrogenic and anti-estrogenic dual action, antioxidant action, immune regulation and health care functions. In the treatment of diseases, it is mainly used in anti-tumour, anti-cardiovascular disease In disease treatment, Eq is mainly used in anti-tumour, anti-cardiovascular disease, prevention of osteoporosis and relief of menopausal syndrome.
Recent studies have found that Eq uol can improve the quality of life of healthy women associated with menopause. The emergence of Eq uol has become another new direction for postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Female menopausal syndrome is a series of symptoms caused by decreasing levels of oestrogen. The symptoms of female menopause syndrome are caused by a decline in oestrogen levels. Along with the change in menstrual cycle and the decrease in oestrogen levels, the endocrine system and neurovascular function are unstable and temporarily in a state of disarray. The endocrine system and neurovascular function are unstable and are temporarily in disarray. This causes a series of symptoms such as irritability, insomnia, dizziness, ringing in the ears, heatiness and heartburn. tinnitus, heatiness, sweating, swelling and loose stools, palpitations and panic attacks, lumbago and bone pains, or even emotional abnormalities.
Studies have shown that female menopausal syndrome occurs most often between the ages of 40 and 60, and that most women experience symptoms of varying severity. The majority of women may experience symptoms of varying severity. About 85 % of menopausal women are able to relieve their symptoms on their own, while about 15 % of them have more serious symptoms that affect their life and work. About 15% of them have serious symptoms that affect their life and work and need treatment. As a metabolite of soy isoflavones, e quol is a natural selective receptor modulator with a wide range of biological activities and has the potential to prevent osteoporosis. As a metabolite of soy isoflavones, e quol is a natural selective receptor modulator with a wide range of biological activities. disease rate, preventing and resisting breast cancer and prostate cancer, protecting nerves, anti-aging and other physiological functions. Especially in the treatment of female menopause syndrome, and its high safety, no side effects, may become the world's first treatment for It has the potential to become the world's first oral drug for treating female menopausal syndrome.
Structure and physical and chemical properties
Eq uol has a molecular formula of C15H14O3, relative molecular mass of 242.27, chemical name 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-benzodihydropyran, which belongs to non-steroidal estrogens.Eq uol is unpolarised, insoluble in water, unstable and easily destroyed in acid. Due to the chirality of C-3, Eq uol has two enantiomers, R-type-Eq [R-(+)-equol] and S-type-Eq [S-(-)-equol], of which the Eq uol produced by the metabolism of daidzein (Dai) in the body is the S-type-Eq uol , whereas the synthetic Eq uol is a mixture of the R2-type-Eq and the S-type-Eq, i.e., the racemic Eq [(±)-Eq]. S-type-Eq and R-type-Eq are different in nature, with different affinities for estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β. S-type-Eq has a stronger affinity for ER-β, R-type-Eq has a weaker affinity for ER-α, and has a weaker affinity for ER-α.
- -type-Eq has a stronger affinity for ER-β, R-type-Eq has a weaker affinity for ER-α and an even weaker affinity for ER-β. The affinity of the two isomers for ER is higher than that of its precursor Dai.
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IV. Biological functions
1. Hormone-like effects
As a metabolite of soy isoflavones, e quol was first noticed for its estrogen-like effects. When there is a lack of estrogen in the body, it can become an estrogen agonist; and when there is an excess of estrogen in the body, it binds competitively with ER and reduces the chances of binding between estrogen and ER, thus reducing the cell-proliferative effect of estrogen and the risk of estrogen-related diseases. Sexual oestrogen imbalance can lead to many diseases, such as breast cancer, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and estragole can bind to ER receptors to exert the effect of oestrogen, thus inhibiting oestrogen imbalance-related diseases.
In male animals, estragole exhibits anti-androgenic effects. Estragole has a high affinity for 5α-Dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) and binds to it t o isolate it, but not to the 5α-DHT receptor. Androgens promote the growth of prostate cancer cells.
2. Antioxidants
Equol is a polyphenol that acts as a hydrogen/electron receptor and scavenges free radicals.
3.immunoprotective effect.
immunoprotective effect of Euqolmay be mediated by its antioxidant action. The immunoprotective effect of equol on the skin is not only due to the activation of the estrogen receptor signalling pathway in the skin, but also to the induction of the endogenous skin antioxidant enzyme hemeoxygenase (HO), which is protective.
4 Health functions
Numerous studies in human medicine have shown that e quol has a role in the prevention and treatment of tumours and cardiovascular diseases, and that R-Eq and S-Eq inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by down-regulating the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2). E quol inhibits skin cancer induced by ultraviolet light or 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA).
A study by Otsuka Pharmaceutical in Japan found that a daily intake of 10 p.p.m. of estradiol can inhibit the growth of skin wrinkle area
As female hormones decline, so does the density of the "facial bones" that support the skin.
It is well known that a decrease in oestrogen production reduces bone density and predisposes to osteoporosis.
But did you know that the facial bones that support the skin are no exception?
Sagging is not only related to the dysfunction of the skin tissue, but also to the sagging of the fat and weakening of the muscles underneath the skin tissue. The bones are the foundational part of all these tissues.If the foundation atrophies, the skin above it will inevitably sag. As the bones shrink, the eye sockets widen and appear sunken, and the "aged look" progresses at an accelerated rate.
Studies have shown that menopausal syndromes occur most often between the ages of 40 and 60, and that most women experience symptoms of varying severity. About 85 per cent of menopausal women are able to relieve their symptoms on their own, while about 15 per cent of them have more severe symptoms that affect their lives and work and require treatment.
As a metabolic end product of soy isoflavones, Equol is a natural class of selectiv e.
As a metabolic body regulator with a wide range of biological activities, and it has physiological functions such as preventing osteoporosis, improving female menopausal syndromes, reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, preventing and resisting breast and prostate cancers, protecting the nerves, and resisting aging. Especially in the treatment of female menopausal syndrome has excellent results, and its high safety, no side effects, may become the world's first oral treatment of female menopausal syndrome!
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