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MOT-c is a peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA. It is believed to be involved in skeletal muscle and glucose metabolism. It is upregulated in response to exercise, and is considered an exercise mimetic. MOTS-c binds to casein kinase 2.

Recently, the positive effects of MOT-c, one of the mitochondria-derived peptides, on various diseases have been gradually discovered and reported. MOTS-c targets skeletal muscle and can enhance glucose metabolism. Therefore, MOT-c plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular, diabetes, exercise and longevity. It is a new mitochondrial signaling mechanism and plays a role in regulating intracellular and intercellular metabolism. It has been reported that MOTS-c is a kind of exercise-induced mitochondrial coding regulator, and the level of MOTS-c in skeletal muscle and blood of mice decreases with age. Additionally, as an endocrine factor, MOTS-c is likely to exert its effects through cellular entry, which is an ongoing investigation at multiple ends, including its cellular uptake. Understanding the detailed molecular details of MOTS-c is an ongoing endeavor. It was reported that after 30 minutes of treatment, MOT-c can exert its effects by entering the cells and exerting its effects. There is still a great deal of unclarity as to how MOT-c enters cells without being degraded and retains its biological activity. A future study of the mechanism by which MOTS-c enters cells will be of great importance in order to determine how it exerts its clinical therapeutic effect. As a potential target for treatment development, MOTS-c is expected to be used in the treatment development of a variety of diseases. Synthetic biology techniques, such as genetic engineering, can greatly improve biological activity and deliver MOTS-c directly to the acting site, thus further expanding the therapeutic application of MOTS-c. However, the subsequent biosafety problem has always been the focus of attention. How to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of genetically engineered bacteria to the body is a key scientific problem to be solved urgently