2,4-Dibromophenol

251.9

251.90

1861291

210-436-5

IA75T5C9TG

6213

DTXSID1052290

Needles from petroleum ether

2908199090

20.2

3.2

White to slightly yellow or beige Crystalline Mass, Powder, Crystals and/or Chunks

2.0700 g/cu cm at 20 deg C

38 °C

238.5 °C

154°C/11mm

1.644

In water, 1.9 mg/mL at 15 °C

room temp

1.34X10-3 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Henry's Law constant = 8.90X10-8 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 7.79

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.88X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

II

6.1

2811

3

36/37/38-25-20/21/22

45-37/39-28A-26-36/37/39-36

SK8010000

T,Xi,Xn

Irritant

Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions.

P261-P264-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

H300-H315-H319-H335

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations.

WHO; Concise International Chemical Assessment Document No 66, 2,4,6 Tribromophenol and other simple brominated phenols. Aavailable at http://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/cicad66.htm as of September 24, 2008.

|Danger|H300 (91.67%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 48 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P405, and P501

ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use only in a chemical fume hood. Safety shower and eye bath.|Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering

Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes.|Suitable: Water spray. Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, or appropriate foam.

Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions.

Sweep up, place in a bag and hold for waste disposal. Avoid raising dust.|A comparative study of the adsorbents prepared from several industrial wastes for the removal of 2-bromophenol, 4-bromophenol and 2,4-dibromophenol has been carried out. The results show that maximum adsorption on carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from fertilizer industry waste has been found to be 40.7, 170.4 and 190.2 mg/g for 4-bromophenol 2-bromophenol and 2,4-dibromophenol, respectively. As compared to carbonaceous adsorbent, the other three adsorbents (viz., blast furnace sludge, dust, and slag) adsorb bromophenols to a much smaller extent. ... To test the practical utility of this adsorbent, column operations were also carried out. The results were found satisfactory in removing bromophenols by column operations. Therefore, the ... investigations recommend the use of carbon slurry waste as inexpensive adsorbent for small scale industries of developing/poor countries where disposal of solid waste of various industries and proper treatment of polluted wastewater is a serious problem.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.|Do not breathe dust. Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing. Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2,4-DIBROMOPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

2,4-Dibromophenol was identified in automotive emissions in the range of 1 to 5 ug/cu m(1). Fire residues sampled from private residences following accidental fires contained 2,4-dibromophenol, though the concentrations were reported as the sum of the various brominated flame retardants(2).

SEDIMENT: Surficial sediments from the Rhone estuary, collected in 1987/1988, contained 2,4-dibromophenol at concentrations of 7 to 5,848 ng/g, dry weight basis, from 5 sampling sites(1). Upper river and marine sediment layers in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, collected in 1981 through 1983 at 12 different locations, contained 2,4-dibromophenol at concentrations <0.2 ppb (dry weight basis)(2).

LD50 Mouse oral 282 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 50 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit skin > 2000 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Bromophenols are present in polychaetes as well as in algae in marine environments including the North Sea. They are thought to cause the typical sea-like taste and flavor. The ecological function of brominated phenols is not clear yet, but they may play a role in chemical defense and deterrence ... In this study 2-bromophenol (2-BP), 4-bromophenol (4-BP), 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,6-dibromophenol (2,6-DBP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP), all of which are present in marine organisms, were tested. Especially 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP showed a significant effect on the Ca2+ homeostasis in endocrine cells (PC 12). The reduction of depolarization induced Ca2+ elevations by 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP and the increase of intracellular Ca2+ by both substances, partly released from intracellular stores, may suggest a link to the disrupting effect of endocrine systems by brominated phenols. 2,4-DBP was the most potent substance ... tested in respect to inhibition of voltage dependent Ca2+ currents as revealed in whole cell patch clamp experiments. Brominated phenols disturb cellular Ca2+ signaling with differential efficacy, depending on the number and position of bromine.

Study demonstrates the wide occurrence of bromophenols in marine algae and provides a possible source of such compounds in fish that feed predominantly on ocean plants. /Bromophenols/|Marine algae and bryozoa from the Gutters region of Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia are possible sources of bromophenols, including 2,4-dibromophenol, in the prawn, Metapenaeus endeavouri(1).

2,4-Dibromophenol's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. (SRC)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,300(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.22(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,4-dibromophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2,4-dibromophenol is 7.79(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of 2,4-dibromophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(6). 2,4-dibromophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(7). A theoretical BOD of 0% using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,300(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.22(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,4-dibromophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF of 16(6) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A theoretical BOD 0% using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4-dibromophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,4-dibromophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2,4-dibromophenol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,4-dibromophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2,4-Dibromophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 2,4-Dibromophenol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

A BCF of 16 for 2,4-dibromophenol was deteremined using in carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over a 28-day period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 2,4-dibromophenol is estimated as 1,300(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.22(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,4-dibromophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil. The pKa of 2,4-dibromophenol is 7.79(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,4-dibromophenol is estimated as 8.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,4-dibromophenol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 2,4-Dibromophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

DRINKING WATER: 2,4-Dibromophenol was monitored in 40 potable water treatment plants in Canada; mean concentrations for October/December 1984, February/March 1985, and May/June 1985 were 1.2 and 2.5 (raw water and treated water, respectively), 0.6 and 0.4, and 0 and 0 ng/L, respectively(1). 2,4-Dibromophenol was detected in natural water collected from a water plant treatment in Taiwan at a concentration of 21 ng/L; it was not detected in the natural water samples collected from three additional treatment facilities(2). 2,4-Dibromophenol was identified in raw water samples obtained from the Llobregat river in Barcelona, Spain(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 727 workers (549 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 2,4-dibromophenol in the US(1). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2,4-dibromophenol via inhalation due to the release of this substance from automotive emission and dermal contact with fire residues containing brominated flame retardants(SRC).

The metabolism and disposition of (14)C-labelled 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) were investigated in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Approximately 75-85% of 1 umol BDE47 per kg was absorbed following oral administration to either rats or mice. Sex and species differences were observed in tissue distribution and excretion of BDE47-derived radioactivity. Absorption and distribution of (14)C to major tissues were dose-proportional in male rats from 0.1 to 1,000 umol per kg. BDE47-derived radioactivity increased in all rat and mouse tissues examined following repeated daily doses of 1 umol per kg. Accumulation of (14)C in tissues of mice was less than in corresponding rat tissues. Glutathione conjugates of BDE47 were excreted in rat bile. A glucuronide and a sulfate conjugate of 2,4-dibromophenol were detected in the urine of BDE47-treated rats. BDE47 appears to induce its own metabolism. Increased formation of reactive metabolites over time may correlate with toxicological effects in BDE47-treated rodents.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

2,4-dibromophenol

Phenol, 2,4-dibromo-: ACTIVE|T - indicates a substance that is the subject of a final TSCA section 4 test rule.

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method for the ultra-trace determination of brominated phenols in aqueous samples ... is reported ... . 3,5,3',5'-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), the most widely used brominated flame retardant, and other phenolic flame retardants in commercial use, such as 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and pentabromophenol (PBP) have been included as target analytes. The analytical procedure involves the in situ acetylation-SPME and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determination of the target analytes. ...