Trichloronate

333.6

333.60

206-326-1

3018

DTXSID9038420

AMBER COLORED LIQUID

50.6

5.23

Trichloronate appears as amber liquid. Used as a non-systemic insecticide. Not sold in the U.S or Canada. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)

1.365 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

108 °C @ Press: 0.01 Torr

178.8±30.7 °C

1.566

Water solubility = 0.59 mg/l at 20 deg C.

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

1.5X10-5 mm Hg at 20 deg C

Oral-rat LD50: 15 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 40 mg/kg

Open flame is flammable; heat releases toxic phosphorus oxide, chloride, sulfur oxide gas

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Sulfonates, Phosphonates, and Thiophosphonates, Organic

Organophosphates, such as TRICHLORONATE, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

II

6.1(a)

3018

3

24-28-50/53

23-28-36/37-45-60-61

TB0700000

T+,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Relative stable to dilute acids.

P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P405, P501

H300

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Trichloronate is hydrolyzed by alkali. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Incineration @ high temp in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable for large amt. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))|All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/|Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

MARONI M; FAIT A HEALTH EFFECTS IN MAN FROM LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES A; REVIEW OF THE 1975-1991 LITERATURE TOXICOLOGY 78 (1-3): V-XIII 1-180 (1993). RRM REVIEW HUMAN CANCER CARCINOGEN CYTOGENIC EFFECT REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PATHOLOGY MORTALITY OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ENG

When heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes of chlorine containing compounds, phosphorus oxides, and sulfur oxides. (EPA, 1998)

|Danger|H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Avoid inhalation. (Non-Specific -- Organophosphate Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Small spills: absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. (EPA, 1998)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)|Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/|WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES (OPP) MUST ... BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES, AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. THE SIGNALMEN FOR AERIAL DUSTING OPERATIONS SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH A HAT AND CAPE MADE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE OR A FABRIC IMPREGNATED WITH A WATER REPELLENT. /PESTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Carefully avoid skin contact and inhalation of dusts and spray mists. Precautions are as commonly observed for cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphates ...|In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/|Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Small packages of pesticides are preferable for individual application in order to limit the quantities to be weighed & metered. A special vessel with long stirring rod for dilution & suspension of the poison must be available in order to reduce manual handling to a minimum. The strict observance of hygiene rules--no smoking & no food intake during work. Thorough washing with soap after work, changing protective clothing before going home--is of utmost importance. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Trichloronate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

most toxic

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/|In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/|BARBITURATES ARE POTENTIATED BY ANTICHOLINESTERASES. ALTHOUGH BARBITURATES MAY BE USED CAUTIOUSLY IN TREATING CONVULSIONS, EXTREME CARE IS ESSENTIAL IN HANDLING POISONINGS DUE TO ANTICHOLINESTERASES, PARTICULARLY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES. ECHOTHIOPHATE, A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR USED AS MIOTIC, POTENTIATES OTHER SUCH INHIBITORS ... USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES (ADDITIVE EFFECTS) OR POSSIBLY SYNERGISTIC. THOSE EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES MUST TAKE STRICT PRECAUTIONS. ... ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: ADDITIVE ANTICHOLINESTERASE EFFECTS. HAZARDOUS. PATIENTS ON ANTICHOLINESTERASES (EVEN TOPICAL, SUCH AS EYE DROPS) SHOULD AVOID AREAS WHERE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES ... RECENTLY ... USED. /ANTICHOLINESTERASE/|ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

LD50 Rat oral 16-37.5 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 25-50 mg/kg|LD50 Chicken oral 45 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (male) percutaneous 135-341 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 50 mg/kg

Work ... must not be carried out by young persons under 18 yr, expectant or nursing mothers, or persons for whom work with toxic chemicals is contraindicated on account of their state of health; the same applies to alcoholics. Contraindications for work with organophosphorus pesticides are organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of the liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis). /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Trichloronate's production and use as an non-systemic insecticide(1) will result in its release to the environment through its use and from various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 17,000(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that trichloronate will have no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trichloronate may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values of vapor pressure(4) and water solubility(5). However, volatilization is not expected to be important from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an experimental vapor pressure of 1.5X10-5 mm Hg(5). The half-life of trichloronate in soil has been determined to be 139 days(4). Ks, a rate constant for the combined processes that affect the persistence of a chemical in the soil surface, for trichloronate was determined to be 0.0048, 0.0083, and 0.0037 per day for June-July, Aug-Sept, and Oct-Nov, respectively, and 0.0050 in a composite soil sample(6). The half life of trichloronate in a loam soil was experimentally determined to be 180 and 177 days in laboratory experiments and 141 days (average) in field experiments(7). In the field experiments, an average of 37% of the residue remained after 10 months(7). In a biodegradation test using trichloronate in a moist sandy loam and moist muck, biological activity disappeared within 16 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively(8).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 17,000(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that trichloronate would adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC) in the water. Trichloronate would volatilize slowly from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure(3) and water solubility(4). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6.2 days and 51 days, respectively(1,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 5600(1,SRC), from an experimental log Kow(2) suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Biodegradation in water is likely to be slow based upon the persistence of trichloronate in soil(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trichloronate, which has an experimental vapor pressure of 1.5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trichloronate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 5.2 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase trichloronate may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trichloronate with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 5600 was calculated for trichloronate(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 5.23(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

398.11 L/kg|The Koc of trichloronate is estimated as approximately 17,000(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 5.23(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that trichloronate should be immobile in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for trichloronate is estimated as 1.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 1.5X10-5 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.59 mg/l(2). This value indicates that trichloronate will volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 6.2 days(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 51 days(3,SRC). Trichloronate's vapor pressure, 1.5X10-5 mm Hg(2) indicates that volatilization from dry soils should not be important. However, trichloronate's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

Trichloronate has been detected in fruit and vegetables grown in Denmark: in carrots in 5 out of 44 sample in 1978 and in 31 out of 112 samples in 1979 at average concentrations of 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg; in lettuce in 1 out of 145 samples in 1978 at a concentration of 0.05 mg/kg; in celery in one out of 1 sample at a concentration 0.09 mg/kg(1). Trichloronate was found as a residue in foods in regulatory monitoring during 1978-82(2) and 1983-1986(3).

The general population will be exposed to trichloronate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food(1-3), and dermal contact with vapors, food and other products containing trichloronate(SRC). Occupational exposure would be by inhalation and dermal contact(SRC).

Most organophosphate compounds are ... absorbed from skin, conjunctiva, gastrointestinal tract, & lung. /Organophosphate compounds/|The rate of dermal absorption /of organophosphorus pesticides/ may be ... influenced by the solvent used. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Many of the organophosphorus insecticides are excreted in the milk ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/|Following their absorption, most organophosphorus cmpd are excreted almost entirely as hydrolysis products in the urine. /Anticholinesterase agents/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Presumably, as with thiophosphates, oxidation to the phosphate and hydrolytic cleavage of the ester-bound ethyl group and the trichlorophenol group.|Plasma and tissue enzymes are responsible for hydrolysis /of organophosphorus compounds/ to the corresponding phosphoric and phosphonic acids. However, oxidative enzymes are also involved in the metabolism of some organophosphorus compounds. /Anticholinesterase agents/|The organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents are hydrolyzed in the body by a group of enzymes known as A-esterases or paroxonase, and by the cytochrome p-450 systems. Considerable variability exists in the human population for organophosphate metabolism by these routes. The A-esterases are found in plasma and in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and can hydrolyze a large number of organophosphorus compounds ... by splitting the anhydride, P-F, P-CN, or ester bond. /Anticholinesterase agents/|These chemicals are detoxified by cytochrome p450-mediated monooxygenases in the liver, but some metabolites are more toxic than parent cmpd ... Metabolites usually are detected from 12 to 48 hr postexposure. /Organophosphate cmpd/

The cardiovascular actions of anticholinesterase agents are complex, since they reflect both ganglionic and postganglionic effects of accumulated ACh on the heart and blood vessels. The predominant effect on the heart from the peripheral action of accumulated ACh is bradycardia, resulting in a fall in cardiac output. Higher doses usually cause a fall in blood pressure, often as a consequence of effects of anticholinesterase agents on the medullary vasomotor centers of the CNS. /Anticholinesterase agents/|Organophosphorus derivatives act by combining with and inactivating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. ... The inactivation of cholinesterase by cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides allows the accumulation of large amounts of acetylcholine, with resultant widespread effects that may be ... separated into 4 categories: (1) Potentiation of postganglionic parasympathetic activity. ... (2) Persistent depolarization of skeletal muscle ... (3) Initial stimulation following depression of cells of central nervous system ... (4) Variable ganglionic stimulation or blockade ... /Cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides/|The main feature of the toxic mechanism of organophosphorus pesticides is inhibition of the esterase enzyme activity, in particular of cholinesterase, which plays an important physiological part. Organophosphorus pesticides can also indirectly interact with the biochemical receptors of acetylcholine. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|... The serum cholinesterase activity of 14 men and 16 women at seven approximately equal intervals throughout one 24 hr day was measured. The lowest average value, ... was 92% of the mean of all values at other sampling times. The next lowest value was 98.7% of the same mean. /It was/ concluded that the small variation observed did not take the form of a regular curve but was entirely individual without correspondence to hour. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/|For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Material is an organophosphate and toxic effects are due to action on the nervous system. It has high oral toxicity and death can occur in acute poisonings. Delayed neurotoxicity has been reported. (EPA, 1998)

Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely. Note: Trichloronate is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Signs and Symptoms of Trichloronate Exposure: Acute exposure to trichloronate may produce the following signs and symptoms: sweating, pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, profound weakness, muscle spasms, seizures, and coma. Mental confusion and psychosis may occur. Excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Chest pain may be noted. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may be observed, although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Respiratory signs include dyspnea (shortness of breath), pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to trichloronate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to trichloronate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Rush to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to trichloronate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Rush to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of trichloronate is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age. Warning: Ingestion of trichloronate may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4. The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

A comatose patient who is diaphoretic, has pinpoint pupils and the odor of an insecticide on clothing or breath, and is noted to have muscle fasciculations represents the classic presentation of organophosphate poisoning. ... Specific steps in management include the following. 1. Decontamination. ... 2 Airway. Establish an airway if necessary. ... 3. Respiratory Status. Respiratory distress, in fact, is commonly found in these patients from multiple causes. ... 4. Cardiac Monitoring. ... 5. Cholinesterase Level. ... 6. Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is the treatment of choice for organophosphate poisoning and should be used for nearly all patients with clinically significant orgnophosphate poisoning, particularly whose patients with muscular fasciculations and weakness. ... 7. Atropine. Atropine is the physiologic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. A trial dose of atropine should be instituted on clinical ground when one suspects organophosphate intoxication. /Organophosphate poisoning/|Atropine is the antidote of choice as in organophosphate poisoning. Although the total amount of atropine required usually is less, the same initial doses are recommended. Pralidoxime usually is necessary and may reduce the effectiveness of atropine (especially with carbaryl). ... Patients require approximately 6-12 hr of atropine treatment, but all significantly poisoned patients should be observed at least 24 hr after the last atropine dose. /Organophosphate poisoning/|1. INSURE THAT A CLEAR AIRWAY EXISTS BY ASPIRATION OF SECRETIONS IF NECESSARY. ADMIN OXYGEN BY MECHANICALLY ASSISTED PULMONARY VENTILATION IF RESPIRATION IS DEPRESSED. IMPROVE TISSUE OXYGENATION AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE BEFORE ADMIN ATROPINE TO MINIMIZE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. IN SEVERE POISONINGS, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO SUPPORT PULMONARY VENTILATION MECHANICALLY FOR SEVERAL DAYS. 2. ADMIN ATROPINE SULFATE IV, OR IM IF IV INJECTION IS NOT POSSIBLE. ... IN MODERATELY SEVERE POISONING: ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YR: 0.4-2.0 MG REPEATED EVERY 15 MIN UNTIL ATROPINIZATION IS ACHIEVED. MAINTAIN ATROPINIZATION WITH REPEATED DOSAGE OF 0.02-0.05 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/|2. SEVERELY POISONED INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT REMARKABLE TOLERANCE TO ATROPINE; TWO OR MORE TIMES THE DOSAGES SUGGESTED ABOVE MAY BE NEEDED. THE DOSE OF ATROPINE MAY BE INCREASED AND THE DOSING INTERVAL DECREASED AS NEEDED TO CONTROL SYMPTOMS. CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF ATROPINE MAY BE NECESSARY WHEN ATROPINE REQUIREMENTS ARE MASSIVE. REVERSAL OF MUSCARINIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS, NOT AN ARBITRARY DOSE LIMIT, IS THE DESIRED END-POINT. PRESERVATIVE-FREE ATROPINE PRODUCTS SHOULD BE USED WHENEVER POSSIBLE. NOTE: PERSONS NOT POISONED OR ONLY SLIGHTLY POISONED BY ORGANOPHOSPHATES MAY DEVELOP SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY FROM SUCH LARGE DOSES. FEVER, MUSCLE FIBRILLATIONS, AND DELIRIUM ARE THE MAIN SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY. IF THESE APPEAR WHILE THE PATIENT IS FULLY ATROPINIZED, ATROPINE ADMINISTRATION SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY, WHILE THE SEVERITY OF POISONING IS REEVALUATED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

29-YR OLD MALE DRANK 2 GLASSES OF TRICHLORONATE. VOMITING OCCURRED IMMEDIATELY. SIGNS OF CHOLINERGIC CRISIS OCCURRED FOLLOWED 16 DAYS LATER BY PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY & FINALLY REGRESSION OF POLYNEUROPATHY WITH INCR SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA. MOTOR NERVE DAMAGE & AXONAL CHANGES ALONG WITH DEMYELINATION.|AMONG 32 CASES OF FATAL POISONING WITH PHYTOSOL, 28% SHOWED COMPLETE SUPPRESSION OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN CADAVER BLOOD. DEGREE OF INACTIVATION COULD NOT BE CORRELATED WITH PESTICIDE TOXICITY OR HOSPITALIZATION OF POISONED VICTIMS.|FATAL ENCEPHALOPATHY IN ACUTE POISONING WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES IS PRESENTED.|Signs and symptoms: Cholinesterase inhibition, salivation, gastroenteritis, bronchoconstriction, pulmonary edema, muscle fasciculations, convulsions, peripheral neuropathy (delayed). /From table/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Bayer 37289

50% EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE, 2.5%, 5%, & 7.5% GRANULES, 20% SEED DRESSING POWDER.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Trichloronate (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.|DEVELOPED SINCE 1960 AS INSECTICIDE BY BAYER, LEVERKUSEN ... DEVELOPED IN USA BY CHEMAGRO CORPORATION, 1965. ... FOLIAR APPLICATION GIVES EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF APHIDS, MITES, ARMYWORM, IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM, BOLLWORM, LYGUS BUGS. SYSTEMIC ACTIVITY IS EXHIBITED ON COTTON & POTATOES.|IT IS NON-SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE RECOMMENDED FOR CONTROL OF ROOT MAGGOTS, OTHER SOIL-DWELLING INSECTS & WIREWORMS.|Seed treatment for control of wheat bulb flies and bean flies.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRODUCT ANALYSIS: ... BY UV SPECTROSCOPY AFTER ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS TO 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL, MEASURING DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ALKALI & ACID @ 313 NM IN METHANOLIC-AQ BUFFER SOLN. ... DETAILS ... MAY BE OBTAINED FROM BAYER LEVERKUSEN.|RESIDUES MAY BE DETERMINED BY GAS LIQ CHROMATOGRAPHY (E MOLLHOFF, PFLANZENSCHUTZ-NACHR (ENGLISH ED), 1968, 21, 331). DETAILS ... MAY BE OBTAINED FROM BAYER AG.|RESIDUE: EXTRACTION ... FOLLOWED BY FLORSIL COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY CLEANUP. SINCE OXYGEN ANALOG CANNOT BE DIRECTLY CHROMATOGRAPHED IT IS HYDROLYZED TO TRICHLOROPHENOL ALONG WITH BAYER 37289. SEPARATE ... NEUTRALIZE, EXTRACT ... DETECTED BY ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTOR. KATAGUI DB ET AL, J AGRIC FOOD CHEM, 14, 505, 1966.|EAD Method 1657 "The Determination of Organo-Phosphorus Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater by Gas Chromatography". Capillary gas chromatography with flame photometric detector. Method detection limit of 14 ng/l.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agrochemicals -> Insecticides|INSECTICIDES