3-Aminophenol

109.13

109.13

636059

209-711-2

L3WTS6QT82

1546

2512

DTXSID3024497

White prisms from toluene or water|White crystals

29222900

46.2

0.21 at pH 5.6

White to pinkish or light gray Crystalline Powder

1.195 g/cm³

122-123 °C

164 °C @ Press: 11 Torr

155 °C

1.637

H2O: 35 g/L (20 ºC)

2-8°C

1.86X10-3 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Oral-rat LD50: 924 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 401 mg/kg

Open flames are flammable; heated to decompose toxic nitrogen oxides and chloride gases

Henry's Law constant = 2.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

pK1 = 4.37 at 20 °C; pK2 = 9.815 at 20 °C (conjugate acid)

Heat of formation = -194.1 kJ/mol|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

This compound may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air and light. Slightly soluble in water.

Phenols and Cresols

M-AMINOPHENOL may react with strong oxidizers and mineral acids or bases. (NTP, 1992)

III

6.1

UN 2512 6.1/PG 3

2

20/22-51/53

28-61-28A

SJ4900000

Xn,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, bases, mineral acids. May be light or air-sensitive.

P273

H302 + H332-H411

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Incineration. /Aminophenols/

Strong oxidants. /Aminophenols/

J Am Coll Toxicol 7 (3): 279-333 (1988). Studies on the effects of p-Aminophenol (PAP), m-Aminophenol (MAP), & o-Aminophenol (OAP) used in permanent (oxidative) hair dyes.|Elder RL; J Am Coll Toxicol 7 (3): 279-334 (1988). Final report on the safety assessment of p-Aminophenol, m-Aminophenol, and o-Aminophenol.|Mavournin KH et al; Mutat Res 239 (1): 29-80 (1990). The in-vivo micronucleus assay in mammalian bone marrow and peripheral blood a report of the USA EPA Gene-Tox program.|Rickert DE; Drug Metab Rev 18 (1): 23-54 (1987). Metablolism of nitroaromatic compounds.

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P330, P391, and P501|H302 (99.74%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 383 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P260, P264, P270, P301+P312, P309+P311, P314, P330, P405, and P501|Danger|P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P361, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact ... Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. /Aminophenols/

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Aminophenols/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Aminophenols/

Spill handling: keep dust under control. Use a vacuum or wet method to reduce dust during clean-up. Do not sweep. Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection of your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. /Aminophenols/

... Disposable natural rubber latex gloves and disposable PVC gloves should not be used repeatedly for handling the hair dye products /p-aminophenol, m-aminophenol, o-aminophenol, and p-phenylenediamine/.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Aminophenols/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind ... Avoid bodily contact with the material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Aminophenols/|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Aminophenols/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Aminophenols/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Aminophenols/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Aminophenols/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 3-Aminophenol (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

A skin and eye irritant.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 3-aminophenol stem from its toxicologic properties. Exposure to this white crystalline substance may occur through dermal contact or inhalation at sites where it is used in the synthesis of dyes. Effects from exposure can include burns to the skin and eyes, dermatitis, headache, vertigo, cardiac arrhythmias, shock, and possibly even death. In case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. Contaminated clothing and shoes should be removed and isolated at the site. When engaged in emergency activities involving 3-aminophenol, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical protective clothing specifically recommended by the shipper or producer. 3-Aminophenol does not ignite easily, however it may burn, producing irritating and poisonous gases. Also, containers may explode in the heat of a fire. For small fires involving 3-aminophenol, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray, or standard foam. Dike runoff from fire control water because it may give off poisonous gases and cause pollution. Small spills of 3-aminophenol should be taken up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and placed into containers for later disposal. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

highly toxic

An investigation was carried out of the effects of ortho-aminophenol (95556) (o-AP), meta-aminophenol (591275) (m-AP), para-aminophenol (123308) (p-AP) & acetaminophen (103902) (AAP) on the induction of preneoplastic lesions in the liver & kidney of male Fischer-344-rats by N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (13147256) (EHEN). The rats in this 52 wk investigation included those give 0.1% EHEN in their drinking water for 2 wk & then, beginning 1 wk later, given 0.8% of either o-AP, m-AP, p-AP or AAP in the basal diet for 49 wk; those given EHEN & thereafter only the basal diet; & those given one of the test cmpds without prior EHEN admin. Body, liver & kidney weights were determined for sacrificed rats, & liver sections were subjected to immunohistochemical exam of glutathione-S-transferase placental type (GSTP) positive foci. The numbers of GSTP positive foci in the liver were significantly decreased in rats given o-AP, m-AP, p-AP or AAP after EHEN as compared to values for rats given EHEN alone. However, lowered incidences of GSTP positive foci were observed only in rats given o-AP or AAP after EHEN. Only p-AP & AAP gave significantly higher incidences of microadenoma & adenoma in the kidney.

LD50 Rat oral 1000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 920 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 401 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 150 mg/kg

3-Aminophenol's production and use as a hair dye and chemical intermediate(1,2), particularly in the production of pharmaceuticals(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 90(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(3,4), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). Measured pKa values are 4.37 and 9.815(5) for the amine and hydroxy functional groups, respectively(6). 3-Aminophenol is amphoteric and behaves either as a weak acid or weak base; the basic character usually predominates(7). Volatilization of 3-aminophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(8). 3-Aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.86X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(9). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(10) suggests that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Under aerobic conditions, 3-aminophenol, added to aquifer solids from an uncontaminated aquifer, was slowly mineralized from 0.04 to 0.07% per day(11). 3-Aminophenol was degraded by 37% in 16 days in a soil grab study(12). Under denitrifying conditions in sediment, 3-aminophenol was mineralized following a long lag phase at a rate of 10.0 umol/L/day(13). 3-Aminophenol was not mineralized under methanogenic conditions in a 26-week sediment grab sample study(12).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 90(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-aminophenol may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Reported pKa values of 4.37 and 9.815(5) indicate 3-aminophenol will exist almost entirely as the neutral species at pH values of 5 to 9(6). According to a classification scheme(7), BCFs of <4 and <40 in carp (Cyprinus carpio)(8), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 3-Aminophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Based on two grab studies, 3-aminophenol appears to be slowly mineralized, from 0.4 to 0.7% per day(9), in aquifer solids and degraded by 37% in 16 days in soil(10). Under denitrifying conditions in sediment, 3-aminophenol was mineralized following a long lag phase at a rate of 10.0 umol/L/day(11). 3-Aminophenol was not mineralized under methanogenic conditions in a 26-week sediment grab sample study(11).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3-aminophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-aminophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 3-Aminophenol absorbs light at wavelengths of 270 nm (in 0.1 M HCl)(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 3-aminophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 3-Aminophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 3-Aminophenol absorbs light at wavelengths at 270 nm (in 0.1 M HCl)(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). 3-Aminophenol has both amine and hydroxy functional groups(5); the pKa values for these groups are 4.37 and 9.815, respectively(4). 3-Aminophenol is amphoteric and behaves either as a weak acid or weak base; the basic character usually predominates(6).

21.88|BCFs of <4 and <40 in carp (Cyprinus carpio) were reported for a 6 week study using 1 and 0.1 mg/L 3-aminophenol, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCFs suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 3-aminophenol can be estimated to be 90(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 3-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility in soil. However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(3,4), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). Measured pKa values are 4.37 and 9.815(5) for the amine and hydroxy functional groups, respectively(6). 3-Aminophenol is amphoteric and behaves either as a weak acid or weak base; the basic character usually predominates(7). At pH 7.7, 12% of added 3-aminophenol was sorbed by an organoclay(8).

The Henry's Law constant for 3-aminophenol is estimated as 2.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 3-aminophenol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 3-Aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.86X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 3-aminophenol is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 46,972 workers (35,196 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 3-aminophenol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 3-aminophenol may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3-aminophenol is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 3-aminophenol via dermal contact with consumer products, particularly hair dye products, containing 3-aminophenol(SRC).

Yields m-acetamidophenol in Cordyceps. Yields 4-aminocatechol in rabbit. /From table/|Yields m-aminophenyl-beta-d-glucoside in housefly & in locust. Yields m-aminophenyl-beta-d-glucuronide in rabbit. /From table/|Yields m-aminophenyl sulfate in rat, in hen, in tick, in housefly. /From table/

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This chemical causes irritation of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Aqueous solutions of 1.0% 3-aminopheol (MAP) and 0.5% 4-aminophenol (PAP) were tested for depigmentation and discoloration after repeated topical application to the skin on one of the forearms of 26 volunteers (20 black and 6 white). The subjects were separated into 2 groups of 13; 1 group received 0.1 5 mL applications of the PAP solution, and the other group received 0.1 5 mL of the MAP solution. Sites were washed by the subjects 1 hr after application of the solutions. The solutions were applied to the same sites for 3 consecutive days the first week and for 4 consecutive days the second and third weeks. Three days after the 11th application, the subjects' arms were evaluated for "circumscribed areas on either forearm in which the skin color appeared different from that of the surrounding area." Subjects were asked to comment on the test procedure or any adverse effects experienced during the study. There was no evidence of skin color changes, lightening or darkening, in any of the 6 white subjects. No lightening of skin color was observed in any of the black subjects. A slight darkening of the skin of 2 black subjects treated with the PAP solution was noted. Slight to moderate primary skin irritation was found in I subject after three to seven applications of the PAP solution.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A semiocclusive (open) repeated insult patch test was conducted with 3-aminophenol (MAP) in a 3% solution (aqueous alcohol and surfactants/suspending agents similar to Schultz vehicle II) using 115 normal volunteer subjects, 99 of whom completed the study. Reasons for withdrawal from the study were not treatment related. One subject had a + reaction after the fifth induction patch. Reactions scoring +* (definite erythema and minimal or doubtful edema) and + were observed in a subject after the first and fourth induction patches. This subject (female, Caucasian) also had +* reactions 48 and 72 hr after challenge patch application, indicative of presensitization. A rechallenge patch test was performed on this subject using MAP and a hair-coloring shampoo formulation that were applied directly to the skin of the antecubital fossae and left uncovered. A + reaction after 24 hr and +* reactions after 48 and 72 hr were observed at sites challenged with MAP. A +* reaction after 24 hr and + reactions after 48 and 72 hr were observed at sites challenged with the formulation, indicating the subject's sensitization to both MAP and the formulation. The investigators noted that the subject's regular use of another hair-coloring shampoo formulation, with which she experienced transient itching, indicated the "likelihood of low level sensitization which is probably not clinically significant." Another subject (male, Hispanic) had a +* reaction 72 hr after application of the challenge patch. When this subject was rechallenged at other sites, he developed + reactions 72 hr after patch application to the back and 48 and 72 hr after patch application to the forearm. A low level of sensitization was found in this subject.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A semiocciusive (open) repeated insult patch test was conducted with a 3% preparation of 3-aminophenol (MAP) in Schultz vehicle II (aqueous solution of isopropanol, a cellulose polymer, polysorbate 80, and sodium sulfite). MAP was described as a yellow gel. One hundred fourteen normal volunteers enrolled in the 6-week study; 98 subjects completed it (completion entailed having had

3-aminophenol

Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing|Phenol, 3-amino-: ACTIVE|AMINOPHENOL EXISTS IN 3 ISOMERIC FORMS.|IN JAPAN, M-AMINOPHENOL IS INGREDIENT IN CHELATING RESIN USEFUL FOR REMOVING HEAVY METAL IONS FROM INDUST WASTE WATER.

NEW DETECTION REAGENT FOR IDENTIFICATION & SEMIQUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF AMINOPHENOLS IN POLLUTED WATER USING THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY IS PRESENTED. /AMINOPHENOLS/|DETERMINATION OF AMINOPHENOL ISOMERS BY HIGH-SPEED LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. /AMINOPHENOLS/|SEMIQUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF M-AMINOPHENOL BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY.|M-AMINOPHENOL IS REACTED WITH KIO4 TO GIVE INTENSE RED COLOR, WHICH IS MEASURED, COLORIMETRICALLY, @ 500 NM.|THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF AMINOPHENOLS. /AMINOPHENOLS/

Cosmetics -> Hair dyeing|Environmental transformation -> Pesticide transformation products (metabolite, successor)

3-aminophenol is a known environmental transformation product of phenmedipham.|M-aminophenol (M6) is a known environmental transformation product of Phenmedipham.