Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets

(1) Effects on water and electrolyte excretion. ① Diuretic effect, increased excretion of urinary sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus and magnesium, and decreased excretion of urinary calcium. The mechanism of action of this type of drug is mainly to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium chloride in the distal tubule anterior segment and the proximal tubule (less severe), thereby increasing the Na-K exchange in the distal tubule and the collecting duct, and increasing K+ secretion. Its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. This type of drug can inhibit carbonic anhydrase activity to varying degrees, which can explain its effect on the proximal tubule. This type of drug can also inhibit phosphodiesterase activity, reduce the renal tubular uptake of fatty acids and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, thereby inhibiting the active reabsorption of Na and Cl- by the renal tubule. ② Antihypertensive effect. In addition to the diuretic and sodium excretion effects, there may be extrarenal mechanisms involved in antihypertensive effect, which may be to increase the excretion of Na in the gastrointestinal tract. (2) Effects on renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration function. Due to the decrease in renal tubular reabsorption of water and Na, the increase in renal tubular pressure, and the increase in water and Na flowing through the distal convoluted tubule, the macula densa is stimulated through the tubular-glomerular reflex, which increases the secretion of renin and angiotensin in the kidney, causing renal vasoconstriction, decreased renal blood flow, contraction of the glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles, and decreased glomerular filtration rate. The decrease in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, as well as the lack of effect on the loop of Henle, are the main reasons why this type of drug has a much inferior diuretic effect to loop diuretics.

Hydrochlorothiazide

This product is white tablets

1. Edema diseases: Excrete excess sodium and water from the body, reduce the volume of extracellular fluid, and eliminate edema. Common diseases include congestive heart failure, ascites due to liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, acute and chronic nephritis edema, early stage of chronic renal failure, sodium and water retention caused by adrenocortical hormone and estrogen treatment. 2. Hypertension: It can be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, mainly for the treatment of primary hypertension. 3. Central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. 4. Nephrolithiasis: It is mainly used to prevent stones formed by calcium salt components.

1. Oral dosage for adults. ① For the treatment of edema, 25-50 mg each time, 1-2 times a day, or every other day, or for 3-5 consecutive days a week. ② For the treatment of hypertension, 25-100 mg per day, divided into 1-2 times, and the dose is adjusted according to the antihypertensive effect. 2. Oral dosage for children. 1-2 mg/kg per day or 30-60 mg/m2 per body surface area, divided into 1-2 times, and the dose is adjusted according to the efficacy. The dose for infants under 6 months old can reach 3 mg/kg per day.

Most adverse reactions are related to the dose and course of treatment. (1) Side effects caused by water and electrolyte disorders are relatively common. Hypokalemia is more likely to occur due to the potassium excretion effect of thiazide diuretics. Long-term potassium deficiency can damage the renal tubules. Severe potassium loss can cause vacuolar changes in the renal tubular epithelium and cause severe tachyarrhythmias and other ectopic heart rates. Hypochloremic alkalosis or hypochloremic and hypokalemic alkalosis, thiazides, especially hydrochlorothiazide, often significantly increase the excretion of chloride. In addition, hyponatremia is not uncommon, leading to central nervous system symptoms and aggravating renal damage. Dehydration causes a decrease in blood volume and renal blood flow, which can also cause a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Common clinical reactions to the above water and electrolyte disorders include dry mouth, thirst, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, and extreme fatigue and weakness. (2) Hyperglycemia. This drug can reduce glucose tolerance and increase blood sugar, which may be related to the inhibition of insulin release. (3) Hyperuricemia. Interferes with the excretion of uric acid by the renal tubules and may induce gout attacks in some cases. Since there is usually no joint pain, hyperuricemia is easily overlooked. (4) Allergic reactions, such as rash, urticaria, etc., but they are relatively rare. (5) Leukopenia or deficiency of blood cells, thrombocytopenic purpura, etc. are also rare. (6) Others, such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis, sexual dysfunction, photosensitivity, color vision disorders, etc., but they are relatively rare.

Not yet clear.

Precautions for children: Use with caution in infants with jaundice, as this type of drug can increase blood bilirubin. Precautions for pregnancy and lactation: 1. It can pass through the placental barrier. It has no preventive effect on hypertension syndrome. Therefore, pregnant women should use it with caution. 2. It is not suitable for breastfeeding women. Precautions for the elderly: The elderly are more likely to suffer from hypotension, electrolyte disorders and renal damage when using this type of drug.

(1) Adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, estrogen, and amphotericin B (intravenous administration) can reduce the diuretic effect of this drug and increase the chance of electrolyte imbalance, especially hypokalemia. (2) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics, especially indomethacin, can reduce the diuretic effect of this drug, which is related to the former's inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. (3) When used in combination with sympathomimetic amines, the diuretic effect is weakened. (4) Cholestyramine (cholestyramine) can reduce the gastrointestinal absorption of this drug, so this drug should be taken 1 hour before or 4 hours after oral cholestyramine. (5) When used in combination with dopamine, the diuretic effect is enhanced. (6) When used in combination with antihypertensive drugs, the diuretic and antihypertensive effects are enhanced. (7) When used in combination with anti-gout drugs, the latter should adjust the dose. (8) It weakens the effect of anticoagulants, mainly because the body's plasma volume decreases after diuresis, the level of coagulation factors in the blood increases, and diuresis improves the blood supply to the liver and increases the synthesis of coagulation factors. (9) Reduce the effect of hypoglycemic drugs (10) When digitalis drugs, amiodarone, etc. are used in combination with this drug, side effects caused by hypokalemia should be avoided. (11) When used in combination with lithium preparations, this drug can reduce the kidney's clearance of lithium and increase lithium nephrotoxicity. (12) When hemotropine is used in combination with this drug, its conversion to formaldehyde is inhibited and the efficacy is reduced. (13) It enhances the effect of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, which is related to the decrease in blood potassium. (14) When used in combination with sodium bicarbonate, the chance of hypochloremic alkalosis increases.

Keep away from light and store in sealed container.

25 mg

36 months.

NORTHEAST Pharmaceutical Group Shenyang NO.1 Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

• Founded in:

  1989-01-25

• Address:

  No. 8 Kunming Lake Street, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone

• Tax NO.:

  91210106242656694M

• Registered Funds:

  80 million yuan

• Website:

  Log in to view

• Email:

  Log in to view