Propylene carbonate

102.09

102.09

203-572-1

11784|1913

DTXSID2026789

Colorless liquid|Clear, colorless liquid

29209010

35.5

-0.4

Clear Liquid

1.2047 g/cm³

-48.8 °C

242 °C

270 °F

1.416

H2O: 240 g/L (20 ºC)

Store below +30°C.

0.13 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

Oral-Rat  LD50: 34900 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 20700 mg/kg

Combustible in case of open flame, high temperature and strong oxidant; burning emits irritating smoke

1.8-14.3%(V)

Odorless|Weak odor

Henry's Law constant = 3.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

NONH for all modes of transport

1

36

26-37/39

FF9650000

Xi

Completely packed, lightly placed; storeroom ventilated, away from open flames, high temperature, and stored separately from oxidants

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases, reducing agents. Protect from contact with moist air or water.

P305 + P351 + P338

H319

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Acids, bases.|Can react with oxidizing materials.

Propylene carbonate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Anonymous; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Propylene Carbonate. J Am Coll Toxicol 6 (1): 23-51 (1987). The toxicologic properties of propylene carbonate were reviewed, with emphasis on the use of propylene carbonate as a cosmetic ingredient. Topics included chemical properties, physical properties, and cosmetic and noncosmetic uses of propylene carbonate. Propylene carbonate has been used as a polar additive for montmorillonite or bentonite clay gellants, widely used as bases for antiperspirants, lipstick, skin cleansers, eye shadow, mascara, hair conditioners, and other products. ...

|Warning|H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P313|H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 4138 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Combustible when exposed to heat or flame.

Upper explosion limit: 14.3 %(V); Lower explosion limit: 1.8 %(V)

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|Water or foam may cause frothing.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation.; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

A human skin irritant. An eye irritant.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Propylene carbonate is listed as an ingredient found in approximately 50 personal care products including make-up and antiperspirant(1).

practically nontoxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: PROPYLENE CARBONATE is a colorless liquid. Propylene carbonate is used in paints as a high-boiling solvent and film-forming auxiliary, especially in poly(vinyl fluoride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) systems. It is also employed as an auxiliary in the pigment and dye industry. It is also used In lithium batteries, to decrease sulfur dioxide vapor pressure and increase electrolyte solubility and ionic conductivity. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In clinical studies, undiluted propylene carbonate caused moderate skin irritation, whereas 5 and 10% propylene carbonate in aqueous solution produced no skin irritation or sensitization. Cosmetic products or gels containing 0.54-20% propylene carbonate were essentially nonsensitizing and, at most, moderately irritating to human skin. Products formulated with 1.51-20% propylene carbonate were generally nonphototoxic and nonphotosensitizing. However, one product containing 20% propylene carbonate may have produced a low level photoallergic reaction in 1 of 25 subjects tested. ANIMAL STUDIES: The undiluted material was a slight irritant to the skin and a moderate irritant to the rabbit eye. In an acute dermal toxicity study, slight erythema was noted on the abraded skin of rabbits treated with 2 mg/kg of undiluted propylene carbonate; however, no lesions were observed at necropsy. Daily application of 10.5 or 17.5% propylene carbonate in physiological saline to the skin of rats for 1 month produced hyperkeratosis and an increase in the number of basal epithelial cells at the treatment site. Gavage studies in rats for 90 days at concentrations of up to 5,000 mg/kg/d did not induce any significant toxic effects. No systemic toxicity was reported in rats exposed to 100, 500, or 1,000 mg/cu m of aerosol propylene carbonate over a 90-day period. It was found in rat experiments that oral exposure at concentrations up to 5,000 mg/kg/d did not induce developmental toxicity; however, some maternal toxicity was observed in the high-dose group (decreased body weight gain and food consumption). Propylene carbonate was negative for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella/Microsome Liquid Pre-incubation Assay, and negative for genotoxicity in the Rat Hepatocyte Primary Culture/DNA Repair Test.

LD50 Rat oral 29,100 uL/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 20,700 m g/kg|LD50 Rat sc 11,100 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse sc 15,800 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 20 mL/kg (From table)

Propylene carbonate's production and use as a plasticizer(1), in natural gas purification(1), as a chemical intermediate(1), and in lithium batteries(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propylene carbonate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propylene carbonate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 0.045 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1.75X10+5 mg/L(4). Propylene carbonate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). A 79% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propylene carbonate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.045 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.75X10+5 mg/L(5). Propylene carbonate may undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.41(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 79% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propylene carbonate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.045 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propylene carbonate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Propylene carbonate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of propylene carbonate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Propylene carbonate may undergo hydrolysis in the environment because it contains functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Propylene carbonate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for propylene carbonate(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.41(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of propylene carbonate can be estimated to be 5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that propylene carbonate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for propylene carbonate is estimated as 3.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.045 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.75X10+5 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that propylene carbonate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(3). Propylene carbonate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 13 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of propylene carbonate in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 100-499 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 98,025 workers (19,471 of these are female) were potentially exposed to propylene carbonate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to propylene carbonate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propylene carbonate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to propylene carbonate via dermal contact with consumer products containing propylene carbonate(SRC).

A dermal absorption study using living skin from human donors indicated that propylene carbonate had permeability constants of /average (standard deviation)/ 0.7 (0.4) g/sq m/hr and 0.6 (0.3) cu cm/sq m/hr.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In clinical studies, undiluted propylene carbonate caused moderate skin irritation, whereas 5 and 10% propylene carbonate in aqueous solution produced no skin irritation or sensitization.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Cosmetic products or gels containing 0.54-20% propylene carbonate were essentially nonsensitizing and, at most, moderately irritating to human skin. Products formulated with 1.51-20% propylene carbonate were generally nonphototoxic and nonphotosensitizing. However, one product containing 20% propylene carbonate may have produced a low level photoallergic reaction in 1 of 25 subjects tested.

cyclic propylene carbonate

Adhesive manufacturing|1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-: ACTIVE|Listed as an ingredient found in approximately 50 personal care products including make-up and antiperspirant

A noninvasive stability-indicating assay method utilizing Fourier transform-IR/attenuated total reflectance (FT-IR/ATR) spectrometry was used for the detection of propylene carbonate in pharmaceutical cream and ointment bases. The linearity of propylene carbonate response was studied by use of its C:O stretching frequency after spectral subtractions to remove interfering bands.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Solvents|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Cosmetics -> Solvent; Viscosity controlling